如何用django框架完整的寫一個項目

實現目標及功能，增刪改，並且實現搜索，分頁，日期插件，刪除提示，以及批量導入等功能

軟件版本：

python3.5

django1.11

一  用pycharm創建一個項目，名字自定義

二 編輯urls.py

from django.conf.urls import url, include
from django.contrib import admin
from hnf import views

urlpatterns = [
    # 無論訪問那個頁面都會跳轉到登陸頁面
    url(r'^$', views.login),
    # 登陸
    url(r'^login', views.login),
    # 注銷
    url(r'^logout', views.logout),
    # 搜索
    url(r'^search', views.search, name='search'),
    # django自帶后台
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    # 展示頁面
    url(r'^asset/list/$', views.asset_list, name='asset_list'),
    url(r'^asset/add/$', views.asset_add),
    url(r'^asset/edit/(?P<cid>\d+)/$', views.asset_edit),
    url(r'^asset/del/(?P<cid>\d+)/$', views.asset_del),
    # 導入
    url(r'^asset/import/$', views.asset_import),
    # 導入模板
    url(r'^asset/tpl/$', views.asset_tpl),

 

三 創建數據庫，我這里默認用的sqlite

from django.db import models


# Create your models here.


class Asset(models.Model):
    """
    資產表
    """
    brand = models.CharField(verbose_name='品牌', max_length=32)
    model = models.CharField(verbose_name='型號', max_length=32)
    number = models.CharField(verbose_name='編號', max_length=32)
    leader_time = models.DateTimeField(verbose_name='領用時間', max_length=32)
    leader = models.CharField(verbose_name='領用人', max_length=32)
    return_time = models.DateTimeField(verbose_name='歸還時間', max_length=32,null=True)
    other = models.CharField(verbose_name='備注', max_length=128,null=True)

    def __str__(self):

        return self.leader

    class Meta:
        verbose_name="資產表"
        verbose_name_plural = verbose_name

然后用下面兩條命令去生成數據庫

python3 manage.py makemigrations

python3 manage.py migrate

 

四 更改views.py

import os
import mimetypes
from django.shortcuts import render, redirect
from django.http import FileResponse
from django.conf import settings
import xlrd
from asset import mypage
from hnf.forms.customer import UserinfoForm
from hnf.forms.asset import AssetForm
from hnf import models

from django.contrib import auth
from django.contrib.auth.decorators import login_required
from hnf.utils.urls import memory_reverse

# Create your views here.
# 登錄頁面
def login(request):
    if request.method == "GET":
        return render(request, "login.html")
    else:
        next_url = request.GET.get("next")

        username = request.POST.get("username")
        pwd = request.POST.get("password")
        user_obj = auth.authenticate(request, username=username, password=pwd)
        if user_obj:
            auth.login(request, user_obj)  # # 給該次請求設置了session數據，並在響應中回寫cookie
            if next_url:
                return redirect(next_url)
            else:
                return redirect("/asset/list/")
        else:
            return render(request, "login.html", {"error_msg": "用戶名或密碼錯誤"})

# 注銷頁面
def logout(request):
    auth.logout(request)
    return redirect("/login/")

def search(request):
    q = request.GET.get('q')
    error_msg = ''

    if not q:
        error_msg = '請輸入關鍵詞'
        return render(request, 'result.html', {'error_msg': error_msg})

    # post_list = models.Asset.objects.filter(leader__icontains=q)
    # for i in post_list:
    data_list=models.Asset.objects.filter(leader__contains=q)
    return render(request, 'result.html', {'error_msg': error_msg, 'post_list': data_list})
    
    
@login_required()
def asset_list(request):
    """
    資產列表
    :return:
    """
    data_list = models.Asset.objects.all()
    print(data_list)
    total_count = data_list.count()

    current_page = request.GET.get("page")

    page_boj = mypage.MyPage(current_page, total_count, url_prefix="asset/list")
    data = data_list[page_boj.start:page_boj.end]  # 從第幾頁顯示到第幾頁

    page_html = page_boj.page_html()  # 頁面
    page_num = page_boj.num()  # 序號

    return render(request, 'asset_list.html', {'data_list': data, 'page_html': page_html, 'num': page_num})


def asset_add(request):
    """
    添加資產
    :param request:
    :return:
    """
    if request.method == 'GET':
        form = AssetForm()
        return render(request, 'asset_add.html', {'form': form})
    form = AssetForm(data=request.POST)
    if form.is_valid():
        form.save()
        return redirect('/asset/list/')
    return render(request, 'asset_add.html', {'form': form})


def asset_edit(request, cid):
    """
    編輯資產
    :return:
    """
    obj = models.Asset.objects.get(id=cid)
    if request.method == 'GET':
        form = AssetForm(instance=obj)
        return render(request, 'asset_edit.html', {'form': form})
    form = AssetForm(data=request.POST, instance=obj)
    if form.is_valid():
        form.save()
        return redirect('/asset/list/')
    return render(request, 'asset_edit.html', {'form': form})


def asset_del(request, cid):
    """
    刪除資產
    :param request:
    :param cid:
    :return:
    """
    # models.Asset.objects.filter(id=cid).delete()
    #
    # return redirect('/asset/list/')

    origin = memory_reverse(request, 'asset_list')
    print(origin)
    if request.method == 'GET':
        return render(request, 'delete.html', {'cancel': origin})
    models.Asset.objects.filter(id=cid).delete()
    return redirect(origin)


def asset_import(request):
    """
    批量導入用戶
    :param request:
    :return:
    """

    if request.method == 'GET':
        return render(request, 'asset_import.html')

    context = {'status': True, 'msg': '導入成功'}
    try:
        customer_excel = request.FILES.get('customer_excel')
        """
        打開上傳的Excel文件，並讀取內容
        注：打開本地文件時，可以使用：workbook = xlrd.open_workbook(filename='本地文件路徑.xlsx')
        """
        workbook = xlrd.open_workbook(file_contents=customer_excel.file.read())

        # sheet = workbook.sheet_by_name('工作表1')
        sheet = workbook.sheet_by_index(0)
        row_map = {
            0: {'text': '品牌', 'name': 'brand'},
            1: {'text': '型號', 'name': 'model'},
            2: {'text': '編號', 'name': 'number'},
            3: {'text': '領用時間', 'name': 'leader_time'},
            4: {'text': '領用人', 'name': 'leader'},
            5: {'text': '歸還時間', 'name': 'return_time'},
            6: {'text': '備注', 'name': 'other'},

        }
        object_list = []
        for row_num in range(1, sheet.nrows):
            row = sheet.row(row_num)
            print(row)
            row_dict = {}
            for col_num, name_text in row_map.items():
                row_dict[name_text['name']] = row[col_num].value
            object_list.append(models.Asset(**row_dict))

        models.Asset.objects.bulk_create(object_list, batch_size=20)
    except Exception as e:
        context['status'] = False
        context['msg'] = '導入失敗'

    return render(request, 'asset_import.html', context)


def asset_tpl(request):
    """
    下載批量導入Excel列表
    :param request:
    :return:
    """
    tpl_path = os.path.join(settings.BASE_DIR, 'hnf', 'files', '批量導入資產模板.xlsx')
    content_type = mimetypes.guess_type(tpl_path)[0]
    print(content_type)
    response = FileResponse(open(tpl_path, mode='rb'), content_type=content_type)
    response['Content-Disposition'] = "attachment;filename=%s" % 'asset_excel_tpl.xlsx'
    return response

五 在templates下面添加html頁面,我這里舉例是asset_list頁面

{% extends 'layout.html' %}

{% block content %}

    <div class="luffy-container">
        <div class="btn-group" style="margin: 5px 0">
            <a class="btn btn-default" href="/asset/add/">
                <i class="fa fa-plus-square" aria-hidden="true"></i> 添加資產
            </a>
            <a class="btn btn-default" href="/asset/import/">
                <i class="fa fa-file-excel-o" aria-hidden="true"></i> 批量導入
            </a>
            <div class="right" style="margin-left: 911px" >
                <form method="get" action="{% url 'search' %}">
{#                  {% csrf_token %}#}
                  <input name="q"  type="search" placeholder="請輸入姓名" required>
                  <button type="submit">搜索</button>
                </form>

            </div>

        </div>

        <table class="table table-bordered table-hover">
            <thead>
            <tr>
                <th>ID</th>
                <th>品牌</th>
                <th>型號</th>
                <th>編號</th>
                <th>領用時間</th>
                <th>領用人</th>
                <th>歸還時間</th>
                <th>備注</th>
                <th>編輯</th>

            </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
            {% for row in data_list %}
                <tr>
                    <td>{{ row.id }}</td>
                    <td>{{ row.brand }}</td>
                    <td>{{ row.model }}</td>
                    <td>{{ row.number }}</td>
                    <td>{{ row.leader_time|date:"Y-m-d" }}</td>
                    <td>{{ row.leader }}</td>
                    <td>{{ row.return_time|date:"Y-m-d" }}</td>
                    <td>{{ row.other }}</td>

                    <td>
                        <a style="color: #333333;" href="/asset/edit/{{ row.id }}/">
                            <i class="fa fa-edit" aria-hidden="true"></i></a>
                        |
                        <a style="color: #d9534f;" href="/asset/del/{{ row.id }}/"><i class="fa fa-trash-o"></i></a>
                    </td>

                </tr>
            {% endfor %}
            </tbody>
        </table>
    {{ page_html|safe }}
    </div>
{% endblock %}

 

六  最后啟動django項目，用瀏覽器訪問即可

七 總結用到的知識點：

1 django自動的auth模塊，以及django自帶的數據庫，自動實現密碼加密，用戶登錄認證等功能，代碼如下：

 

其中 @login_required() 也是auth模塊里面的，作用是當訪問list頁面的時候，必須要先登陸

from django.contrib import auth
def login(request):
    if request.method == "GET":
        return render(request, "login.html")
    else:
        next_url = request.GET.get("next")

        username = request.POST.get("username")
        pwd = request.POST.get("password")
        user_obj = auth.authenticate(request, username=username, password=pwd)
        if user_obj:
            auth.login(request, user_obj)  # # 給該次請求設置了session數據，並在響應中回寫cookie
            if next_url:
                return redirect(next_url)
            else:
                return redirect("/asset/list/")
        else:
            return render(request, "login.html", {"error_msg": "用戶名或密碼錯誤"})

# 注銷頁面
def logout(request):
    auth.logout(request)
    return redirect("/login/")


@login_required()
def asset_list(request):
    """
    資產列表
    :return:
    """
    data_list = models.Asset.objects.all()
    print(data_list)
    total_count = data_list.count()

    current_page = request.GET.get("page")

    page_boj = mypage.MyPage(current_page, total_count, url_prefix="asset/list")
    data = data_list[page_boj.start:page_boj.end]  # 從第幾頁顯示到第幾頁

    page_html = page_boj.page_html()  # 頁面
    page_num = page_boj.num()  # 序號

    return render(request, 'asset_list.html', {'data_list': data, 'page_html': page_html, 'num': page_num})

2  搜索功能

def search(request):
    q = request.GET.get('q')
    error_msg = ''

    if not q:
        error_msg = '請輸入關鍵詞'
        return render(request, 'result.html', {'error_msg': error_msg})

    
    data_list=models.Asset.objects.filter(leader__contains=q)  # 利用了orm的語法查詢關鍵字
    return render(request, 'result.html', {'error_msg': error_msg, 'post_list': data_list})

3 分頁功能，需要先自定義一個分頁的函數叫MyPage（可自定義），然后導入引用

def asset_list(request):
    """
    資產列表
    :return:
    """
    data_list = models.Asset.objects.all()
    ###分頁開始 8     total_count = data_list.count()

    current_page = request.GET.get("page")

    page_boj = mypage.MyPage(current_page, total_count, url_prefix="asset/list")
    data = data_list[page_boj.start:page_boj.end]  # 從第幾頁顯示到第幾頁

    page_html = page_boj.page_html()  # 頁面
    page_num = page_boj.num()  # 序號
       ###分頁結束


    return render(request, 'asset_list.html', {'data_list': data, 'page_html': page_html, 'num': page_num})

4 日期插件功能，效果如圖所示，這是導入了第三方的laydate,具體參考 https://www.layui.com/laydate/

實現方法，在html頁面里面先導入一個js，#id_return_time'代表的是input框的id值，如何查看這個框的id值，可以f12,選中這個input框去查看

{% block js %}
    <script src="/static/laydate/laydate.js"></script>

<script>
//執行一個laydate實例
laydate.render({
  elem: '#id_leader_time'

});
</script>

<script>
//執行一個laydate實例
laydate.render({
  elem: '#id_return_time'

});
</script>
{% endblock %}

 

5  刪除提示實現代碼

def asset_del(request, cid):
    """
    刪除資產
    :param request:
    :param cid:
    :return:
    """
    # models.Asset.objects.filter(id=cid).delete()
    #
    # return redirect('/asset/list/')

    origin = memory_reverse(request, 'asset_list')
    print(origin)
    if request.method == 'GET':
        return render(request, 'delete.html', {'cancel': origin}) # 這里是代表點取消之后返回原來的頁面
    models.Asset.objects.filter(id=cid).delete()
    return redirect(origin)

然后再增加一個delete.html頁面，取消里面的這個href這里一定要和views里面的  return render(request, 'delete.html', {'cancel': origin})，一樣。

{% extends 'layout.html' %}

{% block content %}
    <div class="luffy-container">
        <div class="alert alert-danger" role="alert">
            <form method="post">
                {% csrf_token %}
                <p style="font-size: 13px;"><i class="fa fa-warning" aria-hidden="true"></i> 刪除后將不可恢復，請確定是否刪除？</p>
                <div style="margin-top: 20px;">
                    <a href="{{ cancel }}" class="btn btn-default btn-sm">取消</a> 
                    <button type="submit" class="btn btn-danger btn-sm">確 認</button>
                </div>
            </form>
        </div>
    </div>

{% endblock %}

 

 6 批量導入功能

import xlrd
def asset_import(request):
    """
    批量導入
    :param request:
    :return:
    """

    if request.method == 'GET':
        return render(request, 'asset_import.html')

    context = {'status': True, 'msg': '導入成功'}
    try:
        customer_excel = request.FILES.get('customer_excel')
        """
        打開上傳的Excel文件，並讀取內容
        注：打開本地文件時，可以使用：workbook = xlrd.open_workbook(filename='本地文件路徑.xlsx')
        """
        workbook = xlrd.open_workbook(file_contents=customer_excel.file.read())

        # sheet = workbook.sheet_by_name('工作表1')
        sheet = workbook.sheet_by_index(0)
        row_map = {
            0: {'text': '品牌', 'name': 'brand'},
            1: {'text': '型號', 'name': 'model'},
            2: {'text': '編號', 'name': 'number'},
            3: {'text': '領用時間', 'name': 'leader_time'},
            4: {'text': '領用人', 'name': 'leader'},
            5: {'text': '歸還時間', 'name': 'return_time'},
            6: {'text': '備注', 'name': 'other'},

        }
        object_list = []
        for row_num in range(1, sheet.nrows):
            row = sheet.row(row_num)
            print(row)
            row_dict = {}
            for col_num, name_text in row_map.items():
                row_dict[name_text['name']] = row[col_num].value
            object_list.append(models.Asset(**row_dict))

        models.Asset.objects.bulk_create(object_list, batch_size=20)
    except Exception as e:
        context['status'] = False
        context['msg'] = '導入失敗'

    return render(request, 'asset_import.html', context)

7 form組件

from django.forms import ModelForm, Form
from django import forms
from hnf import models


class AssetForm(ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = models.Asset
        fields = "__all__"

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):

        super(AssetForm, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)

        for name, field in self.fields.items():
            field.widget.attrs['class'] = 'form-control' # 應用樣式
            # field.widget.attrs['id'] = 'time' # 應用樣式
            field.widget.attrs['placeholder'] = field.label #默認顯示的字段

        self.fields['other'].required = False # 是否允許字段為空，false是允許為空，true不允許
        self.fields['return_time'].required = False

views里面的配置

def asset_add(request):
    """
    添加資產
    :param request:
    :return:
    """
    if request.method == 'GET':
        form = AssetForm()
        return render(request, 'asset_add.html', {'form': form})
    form = AssetForm(data=request.POST)
    if form.is_valid():
        form.save()
        return redirect('/asset/list/')
    return render(request, 'asset_add.html', {'form': form})

html頁面配置

{% extends 'layout.html' %}

{% block content %}
    <div class="luffy-container">
        <form class="form-horizontal clearfix" method="post" novalidate>
            {% csrf_token %}

            {% for field in form %}
                <div class="form-group col-sm-6 clearfix">
                    <label class="col-sm-3 control-label">{{ field.label }}</label>
                    <div class="col-sm-9">
                        {{ field }} <span style="color:firebrick;">{{ field.errors.0 }}</span>
                    </div>
                </div>
            {% endfor %}
            <div class="form-group col-sm-12">
                <div class="col-sm-6">
                    <div class="col-sm-offset-3">
                        <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">提 交</button>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>
        </form>
    </div>
{% endblock %}

{% block js %}
    <script src="/static/laydate/laydate.js"></script>

<script>
//執行一個laydate實例
laydate.render({
  elem: '#id_leader_time'

});
</script>

<script>
//執行一個laydate實例
laydate.render({
  elem: '#id_return_time'

});
</script>
{% endblock %}

 

完整代碼見gitlab    https://github.com/huningfei/asset.git 

分支名  asset-laydate