#include <iostream>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
//類
class List
{
public:
//構造器初始化,生成頭節點
List()
{
head = new Node;
head->next = NULL;
}
//成員函數
void createList();
void insertList(int data);
void travelList(int chance);
void input();
int addNode();
void deleteData(int addNum);
void ifClear();
void clearList();
//重載下標
int operator[](int idx);
//重載+
friend List operator+(List& List_1, List& List_2);
//重載-
friend List operator-(List& List_1, List& List_2);
//重載<<
friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, List& list);
//重載>>
friend istream& operator>>(istream& is, List& list);
//冒泡排序
void bubbleSortList(List& list);
private:
//數據成員
struct Node
{
int data; //數據域
struct Node* next; //指針域
} *head;//頭指針
int num;//鏈表元素個數
};
//頭插法生成節點
void List::insertList(int data)
{
Node* cur = new Node;
//插入數據
cur->data = data;
//插入節點
cur->next = head->next;
head->next = cur;
}
//調用insertList輸入數據,生成鏈表
void List::input()
{
cout << "請輸入鏈表數量長度:";
cin >> num;
srand(time(NULL));
for (int i = 0; i < num; i++)
{
insertList(rand() % 100);
}
}
//任意位置插入節點
int List::addNode()
{
int d, idx;
cout << "請輸入你要插入的節點數據:";
cin >> d;
cout << "請輸入你要插入的節點位置: ";
cin >> idx;
Node* tp = NULL;
Node* link = head;
//尋找插入位置
if (idx<1 || idx>num + 1)
{
cout << "操作非法" << endl;
return num;
}
else
{
for (int i = 0; i < idx; i++)
{
tp = link;
link = link->next;
}
Node* cur = new Node;
tp->next = cur;
cur->data = d;
cur->next = link;
travelList(1);
return ++num;
}
}
ofstream mycout1("D:/text1.txt");
ofstream mycout2("D:/text2.txt");
//遍歷鏈表並將數據存入文件
void List::travelList(int chance)
{
Node* temp = head->next; //防止頭指針地址改變
while (temp != NULL)
{
cout << temp->data << " ";
if (chance == 1)
mycout1 << temp->data << " ";
else
mycout2 << temp->data << " ";
temp = temp->next;
}
cout << endl;
}
//刪除節點
void List::deleteData(int addNum)
{
int i, j = 0;
cout << "請問您要刪除第幾個數據: ";
cin >> i;
Node* tp = NULL;
Node* link = head;//link為刪除節點后面的一個節點,temp為刪除節點
if (addNum < i || i < 0)
cout << "操作非法!!" << endl;
else
{
while (link->next)
{
tp = link->next; //第一個節點
j++;
if (i == j) //找的刪除的節點
{
link->next = tp->next;
delete tp;
break;
}
link = link->next;
}
travelList(1);
}
}
//清空鏈表
void List::clearList()
{
Node* tp = NULL;
Node* ph = head->next;
while (head->next)
{
tp = ph;
ph = ph->next;
delete tp;
head->next = ph;
}
travelList(1);
cout << endl;
}
//詢問是否清空
void List::ifClear()
{
string i;
if (!head->next)
{
cout << "鏈表已清空!!!" << endl;
}
else
{
cout << "是否清空鏈表(是/否):";
cin >> i;
if (i == "是")
{
clearList();
cout << "鏈表清空完成!!!" << endl;
}
else
cout << "鏈表未清空!!!" << endl;
}
}
//冒泡排序
void List::bubbleSortList(List& list)
{
//求list鏈表長度len
int len=0;
//臨時指針phead
Node* phead = list.head->next;
while (phead)
{
len++;
phead = phead->next;
}
//冒泡排序
for (int i=0;i<len-1; i++)
{
//phead指向頭結點
phead = list.head;
//ph1指向首元結點
Node* ph1 = phead->next;
//ph2指向首元結點的后繼
Node* ph2 = ph1->next;
//進入循環冒出最大的數
for (int j = 0; j < len - 1 - i; j++)
{
//如果前面的值大於后面的值則交換
if (ph1->data > ph2->data)
{
phead->next = ph2;
ph1->next = ph2->next;
ph2->next = ph1;
//結點交換后,ph1與ph2位置顛倒回來
Node* temp = ph1;
ph1 = ph2;
ph2 = temp;
}
//如果不需要交換,三指針移動
phead = phead->next;
ph1 = ph1->next;
ph2 = ph2->next;
}
}
//打印結點數據
phead = list.head->next;
while (phead)
{
cout << phead->data << " ";
phead = phead->next;
}
cout << endl;
}
//下標重載
int List::operator[](int idx)
{
//臨時指針temp,為了防止頭指針改變
Node* temp = head;
//如果下標小於鏈表長度進行取值
if (idx < num)
{
for (int i = 0; i < idx; i++)
{
temp = temp->next;
}
}
return temp->data;
}
//+ 重載
List operator +(List & List_1, List & List_2)
{
//由鏈表1生成鏈表3
List List_3;
//生成臨時指針temp_1
List::Node* temp_1 = List_1.head->next;
//把鏈表1的值給鏈表3
while (temp_1)
{
List_3.insertList(temp_1->data);
temp_1 = temp_1->next;
}
//生成臨時指針temp_2
List::Node* temp_2 = List_2.head->next;
//把鏈表2的值給鏈表3
while (temp_2)
{
List_3.insertList(temp_2->data);
temp_2 = temp_2->next;
}
return List_3;
}
//- 重載
List operator -(List & List_1, List & List_2)
{
//生成鏈表4
List List_4;
//生成臨時指針temp_1,temp_2
List::Node* temp_1 = List_1.head->next;
List::Node* temp_2 = List_2.head->next;
//flag為1鏈表2有鏈表1的值,為0則沒有
int flag = 0;
//比較鏈表一和鏈表二,不等就將數據存入List_4
while (temp_1)
{
//臨時指針temp_2回溯
temp_2 = List_2.head->next;
while (temp_2)
{
//判斷是否有相同值
if (temp_1->data == temp_2->data)
{
flag = 1;
break;
}
//指針移動
temp_2 = temp_2->next;
}
//沒有相同值List_4則插入數據
if (!flag)
{
List_4.insertList(temp_1->data);
}
//指針移動,開始下一輪對比
temp_1 = temp_1->next;
flag = 0;
}
return List_4;
}
//重載<<
ostream& operator<<(ostream & os, List & list)
{
list.bubbleSortList(list);
return os;
}
//重載>>
istream &operator>>(istream & is, List & list)
{
int size, i=0;
cout << "(輸入鏈表長度):";
is >> size;
//當i<size時錄入數據
while (i < size)
{
int data;
is >> data;
//插入數據
list.insertList(data);
i++;
}
return is;
}
int main()
{
//初始化,生成List_1
List List_1;
//輸入鏈表長度
List_1.input();
//遍歷鏈表,並存入text1文件
List_1.travelList(1);
//添加節點並返回總結點數
int addNum = List_1.addNode();
//刪除節點
List_1.deleteData(addNum);
//初始化,生成List_2
List List_2;
//輸入鏈表長度
List_2.input();
//遍歷鏈表,並存入text2文件
List_2.travelList(2);
//重載下標
cout << "取鏈表2的第二個元素:";
cout << List_2[2]<<endl;
//重載+
List List_3;
List_3 = List_1 + List_2;
cout << "兩鏈表+為:";
List_3.bubbleSortList(List_3);
//重載-
List List_4;
List_4 = List_1 - List_2;
cout << "兩鏈表-為:";
List_4.bubbleSortList(List_4);
//重載<<
cout << "cout<<List_4:";
cout << List_4 << endl;
//重載>>
List List_5;
cout << "cin>>List_5";
cin >> List_5;
cout << "鏈表List_5: " << List_5;
//詢問是否清空鏈表1
List_1.ifClear();
//關閉打開的文件
mycout1.close();
mycout2.close();
return 0;
}
用類創建單鏈表時,可以將結構體封裝為私有成員,在構造函數中初始化鏈表極為方便;鏈表的刪除操作需要先進行遍歷,並且遍歷途中不能隨意改變頭結點的位置,所以在進行鏈表的操作時,皆需要臨時變量防止頭指針改變;除此之外,在進行冒泡排序時,需要畫圖理清邏輯,雖然比較過后,鏈表的連接方式改變了,但是ph1與ph2位置顛倒,需要互換回來,使下一次比較正常運行;運算符“+”號重載時,如果直接由鏈表1生成鏈表3,在進行減操作時,會發現鏈表1隨鏈表3的改變而改變了,導致在進行“-”操作時出錯,后在“+”操作時,對鏈表3進行逐一賦值,問題得到解決。總的來說,此次試驗對友元函數和運算符重載有了新的收獲,例如如果將”<<”重載,”<<”會根據你輸出的內容來調用相應的函數,從而在使用cout時更為方便。
