制作OpenStack使用的windows鏡像

1 安裝vmware14

2 創建ubuntu-desktop-16.04虛擬機

 

 

 

選擇自定義安裝

 

 

選擇ubuntu-16.04-desktop.iso

 

 

內存要大於2G，推薦4G。

 

 

 

磁盤要大於50G

 

 

關機，然后打開cpu虛擬化，以支持kvm虛擬化。

 

 

開機之后，使用命令查看cpu是否支持kvm虛擬化。輸入有vmx支持，沒有則不支持

 

3 安裝虛擬機化軟件

安裝qemu，virt-manager

apt-get install qemu-kvm libvirt-bin virtinst virt-manager

 

 

 安裝vim編輯器

apt install vim

  

4 在ubuntu虛擬機中安裝win7

4.1 下載win7鏡像

4.2 下載win7驅動

https://fedorapeople.org/groups/virt/virtio-win/direct-downloads/archive-virtio/virtio-win-0.1.105-1/

  

之所以要額外下載驅動，是因為kvm虛擬化創建windows虛擬機時無法識別windows自帶的原生驅動，比如無法識別磁盤就不能安裝系統。下載kvm能夠識別的驅動替換原生驅動。因為OpenStack使用的也是kvm，所以能正常啟動。

 

4.3 將文件上傳到ubuntu虛擬機中（直接拖動到虛擬機桌面）

3.3 將創建虛擬機的xml文件上傳到ubuntu虛擬機桌面（xml文件附錄本文末尾）

 

4.5 創建虛擬機

創建qcow2格式的磁盤作為系統的安裝盤

qemu-img create -f qcow2 windows7.qcow2 15G

 

 

修改template.xml文件(xml文件在文末)

第一個disk文件，source寫入自己創建的windows7.qcow2磁盤的路徑。

 

第二個disk文件，source寫入window的鏡像的路徑，這里為了方便重命名為win7.iso

 

第三個disk文件，source寫入驅動文件的路徑

 

使用template.xml文件定義虛擬機。虛擬機名為windows7

virsh define template.xml

 

 啟動虛擬機

virsh start windows7 

 

 注意：如果沒有成功需要刪除虛擬機，要首先執行virsh undefine windows7取消虛擬機注冊，然后執行virsh destroy window7,銷毀虛擬機。

 

在啟動器里找到virtual machine manager

 

找到剛剛創建的windows7,點擊open打開虛擬機的頁面。

 

 

 

選擇安裝磁盤時找不到磁盤，需要加載驅動。

  

選擇軟盤，然后選擇最后一個   virtio->w7->amd64

 

 

更新設備。安裝好的虛擬機缺少設備驅動，右擊計算機，點擊管理，找到設備管理器。有感嘆號表示存在問題。

 

點擊選擇查找驅動

 

剩下兩個同樣操作。驅動都安裝好之后顯示正常

 

將虛擬機關機，就可以直接使用windows7.qcow2，大小為7個G。使用壓縮命令將大小降到4個G以內。

qemu-img convert -c -O qcow2 windows7.qcow2 win_template.qcow2

 

 

最終完成的鏡像

 

template.xml

<domain type='kvm'>
  <name>windows7</name><!--可以替換成自己定義的名字-->
  <uuid>073f1023-35df-418a-b57d-bf571d07f449</uuid>
  <memory unit='KiB'>2097152</memory><!--內存大小-->
  <currentMemory unit='KiB'>2097152</currentMemory>
  <vcpu placement='static'>1</vcpu>
  <resource>
    <partition>/machine</partition>
  </resource>
  <os><!--系統啟動順序，先是cdrom，然后是hd-->
    <type arch='x86_64' machine='pc-i440fx-xenial'>hvm</type>
    <boot dev='cdrom'/>
    <boot dev='hd'/>
  </os>
  <features>
    <acpi/>
    <apic/>
    <hyperv>
      <relaxed state='on'/>
      <vapic state='on'/>
      <spinlocks state='on' retries='8191'/>
    </hyperv>
  </features>
  <cpu mode='custom' match='exact'>
    <model fallback='allow'>SandyBridge</model>
  </cpu>
  <clock offset='localtime'>
    <timer name='rtc' tickpolicy='catchup'/>
    <timer name='pit' tickpolicy='delay'/>
    <timer name='hpet' present='no'/>
    <timer name='hypervclock' present='yes'/>
  </clock><!--突發事件處理，如果poweroff則銷毀，reboot則重啟-->
  <on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff>
  <on_reboot>restart</on_reboot>
  <on_crash>restart</on_crash>
  <pm>
    <suspend-to-mem enabled='no'/>
    <suspend-to-disk enabled='no'/>
  </pm>
  <devices><!--磁盤信息，一共定義了三塊磁盤，分別是系統盤，window鏡像，驅動盤-->
    <emulator>/usr/bin/kvm-spice</emulator>
    <disk type='file' device='disk'>
      <driver name='qemu' type='qcow2'/>
      <source file='/home/ljk/Desktop/windows7.qcow2'/> <!--替換成自己創建的磁盤的路徑-->
      <backingStore/>
      <target dev='vda' bus='virtio'/>
      <alias name='virtio-disk0'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x07' function='0x0'/>
    </disk>
    <disk type='file' device='cdrom'>
      <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
      <source file='/home/ljk/Desktop/win7.iso'/><!--替換成自己創建的window鏡像的路徑-->
      <backingStore/>
      <target dev='hda' bus='ide'/>
      <readonly/>
      <alias name='ide0-0-0'/>
      <address type='drive' controller='0' bus='0' target='0' unit='0'/>
    </disk>
    <disk type='file' device='cdrom'>
      <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/>
      <source file='/home/ljk/Desktop/virtio-win-0.1.105.iso'/><!--替換成自己創建的window驅動的路徑-->
      <backingStore/>
      <target dev='hdb' bus='ide'/>
      <readonly/>
      <alias name='ide0-0-1'/>
      <address type='drive' controller='0' bus='0' target='0' unit='1'/>
    </disk>
    <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-ehci1'>
      <alias name='usb'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x06' function='0x7'/>
    </controller>
    <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci1'>
      <alias name='usb'/>
      <master startport='0'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x06' function='0x0' multifunction='on'/>
    </controller>
    <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci2'>
      <alias name='usb'/>
      <master startport='2'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x06' function='0x1'/>
    </controller>
    <controller type='usb' index='0' model='ich9-uhci3'>
      <alias name='usb'/>
      <master startport='4'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x06' function='0x2'/>
    </controller>
    <controller type='pci' index='0' model='pci-root'>
      <alias name='pci.0'/>
    </controller>
    <controller type='ide' index='0'>
      <alias name='ide'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x01' function='0x1'/>
    </controller>
    <controller type='virtio-serial' index='0'>
      <alias name='virtio-serial0'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x05' function='0x0'/>
    </controller>
    <interface type='network'>
      <mac address='52:54:00:39:6f:b4'/>
      <source network='default' bridge='virbr0'/>
      <target dev='vnet0'/>
      <model type='virtio'/>
      <alias name='net0'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x03' function='0x0'/>
    </interface>
    <serial type='pty'>
      <source path='/dev/pts/4'/>
      <target port='0'/>
      <alias name='serial0'/>
    </serial>
    <console type='pty' tty='/dev/pts/4'>
      <source path='/dev/pts/4'/>
      <target type='serial' port='0'/>
      <alias name='serial0'/>
    </console>
    <channel type='spicevmc'>
      <target type='virtio' name='com.redhat.spice.0' state='disconnected'/>
      <alias name='channel0'/>
      <address type='virtio-serial' controller='0' bus='0' port='1'/>
    </channel>
    <input type='tablet' bus='usb'>
      <alias name='input0'/>
    </input>
    <input type='mouse' bus='ps2'/>
    <input type='keyboard' bus='ps2'/>
    <graphics type='vnc' port='5900' autoport='yes' listen='0.0.0.0'>
      <listen type='address' address='0.0.0.0'/>
    </graphics>
    <sound model='ich6'>
      <alias name='sound0'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x0'/>
    </sound>
    <video>
      <model type='qxl' ram='65536' vram='65536' vgamem='16384' heads='1'/>
      <alias name='video0'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x02' function='0x0'/>
    </video>
    <redirdev bus='usb' type='spicevmc'>
      <alias name='redir0'/>
    </redirdev>
    <redirdev bus='usb' type='spicevmc'>
      <alias name='redir1'/>
    </redirdev>
    <memballoon model='virtio'>
      <alias name='balloon0'/>
      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x08' function='0x0'/>
    </memballoon>
  </devices>
  <seclabel type='dynamic' model='apparmor' relabel='yes'>
    <label>libvirt-073f1023-35df-418a-b57d-bf571d07f449</label>
    <imagelabel>libvirt-073f1023-35df-418a-b57d-bf571d07f449</imagelabel>
  </seclabel>
</domain>