linux安裝postgreSql數據庫

介紹

  本文主要介紹linux系統上安裝postgreSql數據庫的一般思路，並提供了一個可執行腳本，在下載pg安裝包后，修改腳本的部分配置，執行腳本，就可以完成數據庫的安裝、配置和啟動，腳本在文末提供。

下載安裝包

腳本的執行依賴現有安裝包，不支持使用命令獲取pg安裝包，可以手動下載后，與腳本放置到統一目錄下

解壓安裝包

這個步驟是把安裝包解壓到指定目錄下

# unzip pg 
function pg_untar(){
    if [ -d ${pg_deploy_path} ];then
      echo "pg has been installed"
    else
      if [ ! -e ${pg_name} ];then
        echo "Missing pg installation package"
      else
         mkdir -p ${pg_deploy_path}
         tar -zxf ${pg_name} -C ${pg_deploy_path}
      fi
    fi
}

 

新增postgres用戶

為數據庫創建默認的postgres用戶，用於登錄並操作數據庫

備注：對用戶的密碼進行了加密，具體介紹參見：Linux下利用glibc2庫和crypt()函數生成用戶密碼

# Create a Linux user to log in to the PG database
function pg_create_user(){
#  user_exist=`cat /etc/passwd | grep '^${user_name}:' -c`
  egrep "^${user_name}" /etc/passwd >/dev/null
  if [ $? -eq 1 ]; then
    pass=$(perl -e 'print crypt($ARGV[0], "password")' $user_name)
    useradd -m -p $pass ${user_name}
    #useradd -m -p 'postgres' ${user_name}
    [ $? -eq 0 ] && echo "user [${user_name}] has been added to system!" || echo "Failed to add user [${user_name}]"
  else
    echo "user [${user_name}] exists"
  fi
}

 

初始化數據庫

創建用戶后，需要對數據庫進行初始化，主要是初始化數據庫的數據存儲目錄。

備注：

  1. 把數據庫的數據存儲目錄擁有者改為postgres用戶  

  2. 腳本的執行需要root權限，所以對數據庫的初始化，需要切換到postgres用戶。

#init pg
function pg_init(){
    #Create a data directory
    mkdir -p ${pg_data_path}
    touch ${pg_deploy_path}/logfile
    #Grant user access
    chown -R ${user_name} ${pg_data_path}
    chown ${user_name} ${pg_deploy_path}/logfile
    
    # init database 
    su - ${user_name} -c "${pg_deploy_path}/pgsql/bin/initdb -D ${pg_data_path}"
    
}

 

更改配置文件

1. 修改數據庫的綁定ip,默認綁定的是localhost,不能使用部署服務器ip訪問

2. 修改對客戶端ip的限制，允許任意客戶端連接

#Modify config of the pg database
function pg_modify_config(){
    id_path=${pg_data_path}/postgresql.conf
    local_path=${pg_data_path}/pg_hba.conf
    localip=$(/sbin/ifconfig -a|grep inet|grep -v 127.0.0.1|grep -v inet6|awk '{print $2}'|tr -d "addr:")
    if [ -d ${pg_data_path} ];then
      chown -R 'root' ${pg_data_path}
      #Modify listening ip
      sed -i "s@#listen_addresses = 'localhost'@listen_addresses = \'${localip}\'@g" $id_path
      #Modify Trust client ip
      #sed -i "s@#listen_addresses = 'localhost'@listen_addresses = \'${localip}\'@g" $id_path
      sed '86 ahost   all   all   0.0.0.0/0   trust' -i $local_path
      chown -R ${user_name} ${pg_data_path}
    else
      echo "You need to initialize the database with the command:\n\t  ${pg_deploy_path}/pgsql/bin/initdb -D ${pg_data_path} "
    fi
}

 

啟動數據庫

數據庫的操作都需要切換到postgres用戶

# start pg database
function pg_start(){
 su - ${user_name} -c "${pg_deploy_path}/pgsql/bin/pg_ctl -D ${pg_data_path} -l ${pg_deploy_path}/logfile start"
}

 

開放接口

一般數據庫部署后，本機能調試操作，其他服務器無法連接，需要開放端口

#Open 5432 port
function pg_open_port(){
  isopen=$(firewall-cmd --query-port=5432/tcp)
  if [ 'no' == $isopen ];then
   firewall-cmd --add-port=5432/tcp --permanent>/dev/null
   firewall-cmd --reload>/dev/null
  else
    echo "port 5432 already opened"
  fi
}

以上是所有的安裝步驟解釋，下面是完整腳本：

#!/bin/bash
# install postgre

# Pg database installation package name
pg_name='postgresql-9.5.16-1-linux-x64-binaries.tar.gz'
# Pg database installation path
pg_deploy_path='/opt/ops/pg'
# Directory of data stored in the pg database
pg_data_path="${pg_deploy_path}/data"
# Directory of data stored in the pg database
user_name='postgres'


# unzip pg 
function pg_untar(){
    if [ -d ${pg_deploy_path} ];then
      echo "pg has been installed"
    else
      if [ ! -e ${pg_name} ];then
        echo "Missing pg installation package"
      else
         mkdir -p ${pg_deploy_path}
         tar -zxf ${pg_name} -C ${pg_deploy_path}
      fi
    fi
}



# Create a Linux user to log in to the PG database
function pg_create_user(){
#  user_exist=`cat /etc/passwd | grep '^${user_name}:' -c`
  egrep "^${user_name}" /etc/passwd >/dev/null
  if [ $? -eq 1 ]; then
    pass=$(perl -e 'print crypt($ARGV[0], "password")' $user_name)
    useradd -m -p $pass ${user_name}
    #useradd -m -p 'postgres' ${user_name}
    [ $? -eq 0 ] && echo "user [${user_name}] has been added to system!" || echo "Failed to add user [${user_name}]"
  else
    echo "user [${user_name}] exists"
  fi
}

#init pg
function pg_init(){
    #Create a data directory
    mkdir -p ${pg_data_path}
    touch ${pg_deploy_path}/logfile
    #Grant user access
    chown -R ${user_name} ${pg_data_path}
    chown ${user_name} ${pg_deploy_path}/logfile
    
    # init database 
    su - ${user_name} -c "${pg_deploy_path}/pgsql/bin/initdb -D ${pg_data_path}"
    
}

#Modify config of the pg database
function pg_modify_config(){
    id_path=${pg_data_path}/postgresql.conf
    local_path=${pg_data_path}/pg_hba.conf
    localip=$(/sbin/ifconfig -a|grep inet|grep -v 127.0.0.1|grep -v inet6|awk '{print $2}'|tr -d "addr:")
    if [ -d ${pg_data_path} ];then
      chown -R 'root' ${pg_data_path}
      #Modify listening ip
      sed -i "s@#listen_addresses = 'localhost'@listen_addresses = \'${localip}\'@g" $id_path
      #Modify Trust client ip
      #sed -i "s@#listen_addresses = 'localhost'@listen_addresses = \'${localip}\'@g" $id_path
      sed '86 ahost   all   all   0.0.0.0/0   trust' -i $local_path
      chown -R ${user_name} ${pg_data_path}
    else
      echo "You need to initialize the database with the command:\n\t  ${pg_deploy_path}/pgsql/bin/initdb -D ${pg_data_path} "
    fi
}

# start pg database
function pg_start(){
 su - ${user_name} -c "${pg_deploy_path}/pgsql/bin/pg_ctl -D ${pg_data_path} -l ${pg_deploy_path}/logfile start"
}

#Open 5432 port
function pg_open_port(){
  isopen=$(firewall-cmd --query-port=5432/tcp)
  if [ 'no' == $isopen ];then
   firewall-cmd --add-port=5432/tcp --permanent>/dev/null
   firewall-cmd --reload>/dev/null
  else
    echo "port 5432 already opened"
  fi
}

echo "============== start install pg =============="
if [ -d ${pg_deploy_path} ];then
  echo "pg has been installed"
else
  pg_untar
  pg_create_user
  pg_init
  pg_modify_config
  pg_start
  pg_open_port
fi
echo "============== finish installing pg =============="