python3 實現爬取網站下所有URL
- python3.6
- requests && bs4
- 采用遞歸方法,最終爬取網站所有鏈接
獲取首頁元素信息:
目標 test_URL:http://www.xxx.com.cn/
首先檢查元素,a 標簽下是我們需要爬取得鏈接,通過獲取鏈接路徑,定位出我們需要的信息
soup = Bs4(reaponse.text, "lxml")
urls_li = soup.select("#mainmenu_top > div > div > ul > li")
首頁的URL鏈接獲取:
完成首頁的URL鏈接獲取,具體代碼如下:
def get_first_url():
list_href = []
reaponse = requests.get("http://www.xxx.com.cn", headers=headers)
soup = Bs4(reaponse.text, "lxml")
urls_li = soup.select("#mainmenu_top > div > div > ul > li")
for url_li in urls_li:
urls = url_li.select("a")
for url in urls:
url_href = url.get("href")
list_href.append(head_url+url_href)
out_url = list(set(list_href))
for reg in out_url:
print(reg)
演示結果如下:
遍歷第一次返回的結果:
從第二步獲取URL的基礎上,遍歷請求每個頁面,獲取頁面中的URL鏈接,過濾掉不需要的信息
具體代碼如下:
def get_next_url(urllist):
url_list = []
for url in urllist:
response = requests.get(url,headers=headers)
soup = Bs4(response.text,"lxml")
urls = soup.find_all("a")
if urls:
for url2 in urls:
url2_1 = url2.get("href")
if url2_1:
if url2_1[0] == "/":
url2_1 = head_url + url2_1
url_list.append(url2_1)
if url2_1[0:24] == "http://www.xxx.com.cn":
url2_1 = url2_1
url_list.append(url2_1)
else:
pass
else:
pass
else:
pass
else:
pass
url_list2 = set(url_list)
for url_ in url_list2:
res = requests.get(url_)
if res.status_code ==200:
print(url_)
print(len(url_list2))
遞歸循環遍歷:
遞歸實現爬取所有url,在get_next_url()函數中調用自身,代碼如下:
get_next_url(url_list2)
全部代碼如下:
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup as Bs4
head_url = "http://www.xxx.com.cn"
headers = {
"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/72.0.3626.121 Safari/537.36"
}
def get_first_url():
list_href = []
reaponse = requests.get(head_url, headers=headers)
soup = Bs4(reaponse.text, "lxml")
urls_li = soup.select("#mainmenu_top > div > div > ul > li")
for url_li in urls_li:
urls = url_li.select("a")
for url in urls:
url_href = url.get("href")
list_href.append(head_url+url_href)
out_url = list(set(list_href))
return out_url
def get_next_url(urllist):
url_list = []
for url in urllist:
response = requests.get(url,headers=headers)
soup = Bs4(response.text,"lxml")
urls = soup.find_all("a")
if urls:
for url2 in urls:
url2_1 = url2.get("href")
if url2_1:
if url2_1[0] == "/":
url2_1 = head_url + url2_1
url_list.append(url2_1)
if url2_1[0:24] == "http://www.xxx.com.cn":
url2_1 = url2_1
url_list.append(url2_1)
else:
pass
else:
pass
else:
pass
else:
pass
url_list2 = set(url_list)
for url_ in url_list2:
res = requests.get(url_)
if res.status_code ==200:
print(url_)
print(len(url_list2))
get_next_url(url_list2)
if __name__ == "__main__":
urllist = get_first_url()
get_next_url(urllist)
小結:
剛開始學習寫python腳本,有不足之處,多多指導,有一個小bug,后期會進一步完善。