Arch Linux pacman 與其他發行版操作比較

原文：https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Pacman/Rosetta
https://old-en.opensuse.org/Software_Management_Command_Line_Comparison

http://dnf.readthedocs.org/en/latest/cli_vs_yum.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Package_manager

ty	co	Action	行動	Arch	Red Hat/Fedora	Debian/Ubuntu	SLES/openSUSE	Gentoo	ty
Basic operations 基本操作	1	Install a package(s) by name	按名稱安裝軟件包	pacman -S	dnf install	apt install	zypper install zypper in	emerge [-a]	Basic operations 基本操作
	2	Remove a package(s) by name	按名稱刪除包	pacman -Rs	dnf remove	apt remove	zypper remove zypper rm	emerge -C
	3	Search for package(s) by searching the expression in name, description, short description. What exact fields are being searched by default varies in each tool. Mostly options bring tools on par.	通過在名稱，描述，簡短描述中搜索表達式來搜索包。默認搜索的確切字段在每個工具中都有所不同。大多數選項帶來了相同的工具。	pacman -Ss	dnf search	apt search	zypper search zypper se [-s]	emerge -S
	4	Upgrade Packages - Install packages which have an older version already installed	升級包 - 安裝已安裝舊版本的包	pacman -Syu	dnf upgrade	apt update && apt upgrade	zypper update zypper up	emerge -u world
	5	Upgrade Packages - Another form of the update command, which can perform more complex updates -- like distribution upgrades. When the usual update command will omit package updates, which include changes in dependencies, this command can perform those updates.	升級包 - 另一種形式的更新命令，可以執行更復雜的更新 - 例如分發升級。當通常的更新命令將省略包更新（包括依賴關系的更改）時，此命令可以執行這些更新。	pacman -Syu	dnf distro-sync	apt update && apt dist-upgrade	zypper dup	emerge -uDN world
	6	Clean up all local caches. Options might limit what is actually cleaned. Autoclean removes only unneeded, obsolete information.	清理所有本地緩存 。選項可能會限制實際清理的內容。 Autoclean僅刪除不需要的過時信息。	pacman -Sc pacman -Scc	dnf clean all	apt autoclean apt clean	zypper clean	eclean distfiles
	7	Remove dependencies that are no longer needed, because e.g. the package which needed the dependencies was removed.	刪除不再需要的依賴項，例如刪除了需要依賴項的包。	pacman -Qdtq | pacman -Rs -	dnf autoremove	apt autoremove	zypper rm -u	emerge --depclean
	8	Remove packages no longer included in any repositories.	刪除不再包含在任何存儲庫中的包。	pacman -Qmq | pacman -Rs -	dnf repoquery --extras	aptitude purge '~o'
	9	Mark a package previously installed as a dependency as explicitly required.	將先前作為依賴項安裝的包標記為明確要求。	pacman -D --asexplicit	dnf mark install	apt-mark manual		emerge --select
	10	Install package(s) as dependency / without marking as explicitly required.	安裝包作為依賴/沒有明確要求的標記。	pacman -S --asdeps	dnf install => dnf mark remove	apt-mark auto		emerge -1
	11	Only downloads the given package(s) without unpacking or installing them	僅下載給定的軟件包而無需解壓縮或安裝它們	pacman -Sw	dnf download	apt install --download-only (into the package cache) apt download (bypass the package cache)	zypper --download-only	emerge --fetchonly
	12	Start a shell to enter multiple commands in one session	啟動shell以在一個會話中輸入多個命令			apt-config shell	zypper shell
	13	Show a log of actions taken by the software management.	顯示軟件管理所采取的操作的日志。	cat /var/log/pacman.log	dnf history	cat /var/log/dpkg.log	cat /var/log/zypp/history	located in /var/log/portage
	14	Get a dump of the whole system information - Prints, Saves or similar the current state of the package management system. Preferred output is text or XML. (Note: Why either-or here? No tool offers the option to choose the output format.)	獲取整個系統信息的轉儲 - 打印，保存或類似包管理系統的當前狀態。首選輸出是文本或XML。 （注意：為什么或者在這里？沒有工具提供選擇輸出格式的選項。）	(see /var/lib/pacman/local)	(see /var/lib/rpm/Packages)	apt-cache stats	n/a	emerge --info
	15	e-mail delivery of package changes	電子郵件傳遞包更改			apt install apt-listchanges
Querying specific packages 查詢特定包	1	Show all or most information about a package. The tools' verbosity for the default command vary. But with options, the tools are on par with each other.	顯示有關包的所有或大部分信息。 工具對默認命令的詳細程度各不相同。 但是通過選項，這些工具彼此相同。	pacman -[S|Q]i	dnf list, dnf info	apt show / apt-cache policy	zypper info zypper if	emerge -S; emerge -pv; eix	Querying specific packages 查詢特定包
	2	Display local package information: Name, version, description, etc.	顯示本地包信息：名稱，版本，描述等。	pacman -Qi	rpm -qi / dnf info installed	dpkg -s / aptitude show	zypper info; rpm -qi	emerge -pv and emerge -S
	3	Display remote package information: Name, version, description, etc.	顯示遠程包信息：名稱，版本，描述等。	pacman -Si	dnf info	apt-cache show / aptitude show	zypper info	emerge -pv and emerge -S or equery m (meta)
	4	Display files provided by local package	顯示本地包提供的文件	pacman -Ql	rpm -ql	dpkg -L	rpm -Ql	equery files
	5	Display files provided by a remote package	顯示遠程包提供的文件	pacman -Fl	dnf repoquery -l or repoquery -l (from package yum-utils)	apt-file list $pattern		pfl
	6	Query the package which provides FILE	查詢提供FILE的包	pacman -Qo	rpm -qf (installed only) or dnf provides (everything) or repoquery -f (from package yum-utils)	dpkg -S / dlocate	zypper search -f	equery belongs
	7	List the files that the package holds. Again, this functionality can be mimicked by other more complex commands.	列出程序包包含的文件。 同樣，此功能可以通過其他更復雜的命令來模仿。	pacman -Ql  pacman -Fl	dnf repoquery -l	dpkg-query -L	rpm -ql	equery files
	8	Displays packages which provide the given exp. aka reverse provides. Mainly a shortcut to search a specific field. Other tools might offer this functionality through the search command.	顯示提供給定exp的包。 又名反向提供。 主要是搜索特定字段的快捷方式。 其他工具可能通過搜索命令提供此功能。	pacman -Fo	dnf provides	apt-file search	zypper what-provides zypper wp	equery belongs (only installed packages); pfl
	9	Search all packages to find the one which holds the specified file. auto-apt is using this functionality.	搜索所有包以查找包含指定文件的包。 auto-apt正在使用此功能。	pacman -Fs	dnf provides	apt-file search	zypper search -f	equery belongs
	10	Show the changelog of a package	顯示包的更改日志	pacman -Qc	rpm -q --changelog	apt-get changelog	rpm -q --changelog	equery changes -f
Querying package lists 查詢包列表	1	Search for package(s) by searching the expression in name, description, short description. What exact fields are being searched by default varies in each tool. Mostly options bring tools on par.	通過在名稱，描述，簡短描述中搜索表達式來搜索包。默認搜索的確切字段在每個工具中都有所不同。大多數選項帶來了相同的工具。	pacman -Ss	dnf search	apt search	zypper search zypper se [-s]	emerge -S	Querying package lists 查詢包列表
	2	Lists packages which have an update available. Note: Some provide special commands to limit the output to certain installation sources, others use options.	列出具有可用更新的包。注意：有些命令提供特殊命令來限制輸出到某些安裝源，其他命令則使用選項。	pacman -Qu	dnf list updates, dnf check-update	apt-get upgrade -> n	zypper list-updates zypper patch-check (just for patches)	emerge -uDNp world
	3	Display a list of all packages in all installation sources that are handled by the packages management. Some tools provide options or additional commands to limit the output to a specific installation source.	顯示由包管理處理的所有安裝源中的所有包的列表。某些工具提供選項或其他命令以限制輸出到特定安裝源。	pacman -Sl	dnf list available	apt-cache dumpavail apt-cache dump (Cache only) apt-cache pkgnames	zypper packages	emerge -ep world
	4	Generates a list of installed packages	生成已安裝包的列表	pacman -Q	dnf list installed	dpkg --list | grep ^i	zypper search --installed-only	emerge -ep world
	5	List packages that are installed but are not available in any installation source (anymore).	列出已安裝但在任何安裝源（不再）中都不可用的軟件包。	pacman -Qm	dnf list extras	deborphan	zypper se -si | grep 'System Packages'	eix-test-obsolete
	6	List packages that were recently added to one of the installation sources, i.e. which are new to it.	列出最近添加到其中一個安裝源的軟件包，即新的安裝源。	(none)	dnf list recent	aptitude search '~N' / aptitude forget-new	n/a	eix-diff
	7	List installed local packages along with version	列出已安裝的本地軟件包以及版本	pacman -Q	rpm -qa	dpkg -l	zypper search -s; rpm -qa	emerge -e world
	8	Search locally installed package for names or descriptions	在本地安裝的包中搜索名稱或描述	pacman -Qs	rpm -qa '*<str>*'	aptitude search '~i(~n $name|~d $description)'		eix -S -I
	9	List packages not required by any other package	列出任何其他包不需要的包	pacman -Qt	package-cleanup --all --leaves	deborphan -anp1
	10	List packages installed explicitly (not as dependencies)	列出明確安裝的包（不是依賴項）	pacman -Qe	dnf history userinstalled	apt-mark showmanual
	11	List packages installed automatically (as dependencies)	列出自動安裝的包（作為依賴項）	pacman -Qd		apt-mark showauto
Querying package dependencies 查詢包依賴項	1	Display packages which require X to be installed, aka show reverse dependencies.	顯示需要安裝X的軟件包，也就是顯示反向依賴項。	pacman -Sii	dnf repoquery --alldeps --whatrequires or repoquery --whatr[equires]	apt-cache rdepends / aptitude search ~D$pattern	zypper search --requires	equery depends	Querying package dependencies 查詢包依賴項
	2	Display packages which conflict with given expression (often package). Search can be used as well to mimic this function.	顯示與給定表達式（通常是包）沖突的包。 也可以使用搜索來模仿此功能。		dnf repoquery --conflicts	aptitude search '~C$pattern'
	3	List all packages which are required for the given package, aka show dependencies.	列出給定包所需的所有包，即show dependencies。	pacman -[S|Q]i	dnf repoquery --requires or repoquery -R	apt-cache depends / apt-cache show	zypper info --requires	emerge -ep
	4	List what the current package provides	列出當前包提供的內容		dnf provides	dpkg -s / aptitude show	zypper info --provides	equery files
	5	List all packages that require a particular package	列出需要特定包的所有包		dnf repoquery --alldeps --whatrequires	aptitude search ~D{depends,recommends,suggests}:$pattern / aptitude why	zypper search --requires	equery depends -a
	6	Display all packages that the specified packages obsoletes.	顯示指定包廢棄的所有包。		dnf list obsoletes	apt-cache show
	7	Generates an output suitable for processing with dotty for the given package(s).	生成適合於使用dotty處理給定包的輸出。			apt-cache dotty	n/a
Installation sources management 安裝源管理	1	Installation sources management	安裝源管理	${EDITOR} /etc/pacman.conf	${EDITOR} /etc/yum.repos.d/${REPO}.repo	${EDITOR} /etc/apt/sources.list	${EDITOR} /etc/zypp/repos.d/${REPO}.repo	layman	Installation sources management 安裝源管理
	2	Add an installation source to the system. Some tools provide additional commands for certain sources, others allow all types of source URI for the add command. Again others, like apt and dnf force editing a sources list. apt-cdrom is a special command, which offers special options design for CDs/DVDs as source.	將安裝源添加到系統。 某些工具為某些源提供附加命令，其他工具允許add命令的所有類型的源URI。 其他人，比如apt和dnf強制編輯源列表。 apt-cdrom是一個特殊的命令，它提供CD / DVD的特殊選項設計作為源。	/etc/pacman.conf	/etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo	apt-cdrom add	zypper service-add	layman, overlays
	3	Refresh the information about the specified installation source(s) or all installation sources.	刷新有關指定安裝源或所有安裝源的信息。	pacman -Sy (always upgrade the whole system afterwards)	dnf clean expire-cache && dnf check-update	apt-get update	zypper refresh zypper ref	emerge --sync;layman -S
	4	Prints a list of all installation sources including important information like URI, alias etc.	打印所有安裝源的列表，包括URI，別名等重要信息。	cat /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist	cat /etc/yum.repos.d/*	apt-cache policy	zypper service-list	layman -l
	5	List all packages from a certain repo	列出某個倉庫中的所有包裹	paclist <repo>
	6	Disable an installation source for an operation	禁用操作的安裝源		dnf --disablerepo=			emerge package::repo-to-use
	7	Download packages from a different version of the distribution than the one installed.	從分發版本的不同版本下載軟件包。		dnf --releasever=	apt-get install -t release package/ apt-get install package/release (deps not covered)		echo "category/package ~amd64" >> /etc/portage/package.keywords && emerge package
Overrides 覆蓋	1	Add a package lock rule to keep its current state from being changed	添加程序包鎖定規則以防止其當前狀態發生更改	/etc/pacman.conf modify IgnorePkg array	dnf.conf <--”exclude” option (add/amend)	apt-mark hold pkg	Put package name in /etc/zypp/locks, or zypper al	/etc/portage/package.mask	Overrides 覆蓋
	2	Delete a package lock rule	刪除包鎖定規則	remove package from IgnorePkg line in /etc/pacman.conf		apt-mark unhold pkg	Remove package name from /etc/zypp/locks or zypper rl	/etc/portage/package.mask (or package.unmask)
	3	Show a listing of all lock rules	顯示所有鎖定規則的列表	cat /etc/pacman.conf		/etc/apt/preferences	View /etc/zypp/locks or zypper ll	cat /etc/portage/package.mask
	4	Set the priority of the given package to avoid upgrade, force downgrade or to overwrite any default behavior. Can also be used to prefer a package version from a certain installation source.	設置給定包的優先級以避免升級，強制降級或覆蓋任何默認行為。 也可用於優先選擇某個安裝源的軟件包版本。	${EDITOR} /etc/pacman.conf Modify HoldPkg and/or IgnorePkg arrays		/etc/apt/preferences, apt-cache policy	zypper mr -p	${EDITOR} /etc/portage/package.keywords Add a line with =category/package-version
	5	Remove a previously set priority	刪除先前設置的優先級			/etc/apt/preferences	zypper mr -p	${EDITOR} /etc/portage/package.keywords remove offending line
	6	Show a list of set priorities.	顯示設置優先級列表。			apt-cache policy /etc/apt/preferences	zypper lr -p	cat /etc/portage/package.keywords
	7	Ignores problems that priorities may trigger.	忽略優先級可能觸發的問題。				n/a
Verification and repair 驗證和修復	1	Verify single package	驗證單個包	pacman -Qk[k]	rpm -V	debsums	rpm -V	equery check	Verification and repair 驗證和修復
	2	Verify all packages	驗證所有包	pacman -Qk[k]	rpm -Va	debsums	rpm -Va	equery check
	3	Reinstall given Package - Will reinstall the given package without dependency hassle.	重新安裝給定的包 - 將重新安裝給定的包沒有依賴性麻煩。	pacman -S	dnf reinstall	apt install --reinstall	zypper install --force	emerge -1O
	4	Verify dependencies of the complete system. Used if installation process was forcefully killed.	驗證整個系統的依賴關系。 如果強制終止安裝過程，則使用。	pacman -Dk	dnf repoquery --requires	apt-get check	zypper verify	emerge -uDN world
	5	Use some magic to fix broken dependencies in a system	使用一些魔法來修復系統中破壞的依賴項	pacman dep level - pacman -Dk, shared lib level - findbrokenpkgs or lddd	dnf repoquery --unsatisfied	apt-get --fix-broken aptitude install	zypper verify	revdep-rebuild
	6	Add a checkpoint to the package system for later rollback	將檢查點添加到包系統以便以后回滾		(unnecessary, done on every transaction)		n/a
	7	Remove a checkpoint from the system	從系統中刪除檢查點	N/A	N/A		n/a
	8	Provide a list of all system checkpoints	提供所有系統檢查點的列表	N/A	dnf history list		n/a
	9	Rolls entire packages back to a certain date or checkpoint.	將整個包裹卷回特定日期或檢查點。	N/A	dnf history rollback		n/a
	10	Undo a single specified transaction.	撤消單個指定的事務。	N/A	dnf history undo		n/a
Using package files and building packages 使用包文件和構建包	1	Query a package supplied on the command line rather than an entry in the package management database	查詢命令行上提供的包而不是包管理數據庫中的條目	pacman -Qp	rpm -qp	dpkg -I			Using package files and building packages 使用包文件和構建包
	2	List the contents of a package file	列出包文件的內容	pacman -Qpl	rpmls rpm -qpl	dpkg -c	rpm -qpl
	3	Installs local package file, e.g. app.rpm and uses the installation sources to resolve dependencies	安裝本地包文件，例如 app.rpm並使用安裝源來解決依賴關系	pacman -U	dnf install	apt install	zypper in	emerge
	4	Updates package(s) with local packages and uses the installation sources to resolve dependencies	使用本地軟件包更新軟件包，並使用安裝源來解決依賴關系	pacman -U	dnf upgrade	debi		emerge
	5	Add a local package to the local package cache mostly for debugging purposes.	將本地程序包添加到本地程序包高速緩存主要用於調試目的。	cp $filename /var/cache/pacman/pkg/		apt-cache add	n/a	cp $filename /usr/portage/distfiles
	6	Extract a package	提取包	tar -Jxvf	rpm2cpio | cpio -vid	dpkg-deb -x	rpm2cpio | cpio -vid	tar -jxvf
	7	Install/Remove packages to satisfy build-dependencies. Uses information in the source package.	安裝/刪除包以滿足構建依賴性。 使用源包中的信息。	automatic	dnf builddep	apt-get build-dep	zypper si -d	emerge -o
	8	Display the source package to the given package name(s)	將源包顯示給給定的包名稱		dnf repoquery -s	apt-cache showsrc	n/a
	9	Downloads the corresponding source package(s) to the given package name(s)	將相應的源包下載到給定的包名稱	Use ABS && makepkg -o	dnf download --source	apt-get source / debcheckout	zypper source-install	emerge --fetchonly
	10	Build a package	構建一個包	makepkg -s	rpmbuild -ba (normal) mock (in chroot)	debuild	rpmbuild -ba; build; osc build	ebuild; quickpkg
	11	Check for possible packaging issues	檢查可能的包裝問題	namcap	rpmlint	lintian	rpmlint	repoman

 

Action	zypper[10]	pacman	apt	dnf (yum)	portage
install package	zypper in PKG	pacman -S PACKAGE	apt install PACKAGE	yum install PACKAGE	emerge PACKAGE
remove package	zypper rm -RU PKG	pacman -R PACKAGE	apt remove PACKAGE	dnf remove --nodeps PACKAGE	emerge -C PACKAGE or  emerge --unmerge PACKAGE
remove package+orphans	zypper rm -u --force-resolution PKG	pacman -Rs PACKAGE	apt autoremove PACKAGE	dnf remove PACKAGE	emerge -c PACKAGE or  emerge --depclean PACKAGE
update software database	zypper ref	pacman -Sy	apt update	yum check-update	emerge --sync
show updatable packages	zypper lu	pacman -Qu	apt list --upgradable	yum check-update	emerge -avtuDN --with-bdeps=y @world or  emerge --update --pretend @world
delete orphans+config	zypper rm -u	pacman -Rsn $(pacman -Qdtq)	apt autoremove	dnf erase PKG	emerge --depclean
show orphans	zypper pa --orphaned --unneeded	pacman -Qdt		package-cleanup --quiet --leaves --exclude-bin	emerge -caD or  emerge --depclean --pretend
update all	zypper up	pacman -Syu	apt upgrade	yum update	emerge --update --deep --with-bdeps=y @world