按照集團運維信息安全制度, 需要每3或6個月對線上服務器密碼進行一次變更,通過shell腳本部署比較繁瑣,所以決定采用ansible腳本對遠程主機root密碼進行批量重置,該腳本已經在穩定運行在正式環境下。具體方法如下:
1) 在服務端安裝ansible
[root@ansible-server ~]# yum install -y ansible
2) 配置ansible到遠程主機的ssh無密碼登錄的信任關系 (authoried_keys 模塊)
首先采用Ansible批量建立ssh無密碼登錄的信任關系!!
[root@ansible-server ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa #一路回車
[root@ansible-server ~]# ls /root/.ssh/
id_rsa id_rsa.pub
####################################################################################################
需要注意ssh建立互信的命令格式:
# ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub username@ip或hostname
####################################################################################################
在客戶機比較多的情況下,使用 ssh-copy-id命令的方法顯然是有些費時,使用ansible-playbook 推送 ymal進行批量創建ssh互信關系就顯得省事多了,
這里就使用到了ansible的authoried_keys 模塊:
首先要配置ansible清單 (遠程主機的密碼這里為"123456")
[root@ansible-server ~]# vim /etc/ansible/hosts
................
................
[ssh-host]
172.16.60.204
172.16.60.205
172.16.60.206
172.16.60.207
[ssh-host:vars]
ansible_ssh_pass="123456"
####################################################################################################
發送公鑰到目標機器命令格式如下:
# ansible ssh-host -m copy -a "src=/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub dest=/root/.ssh/authorized_keys mode=600"
####################################################################################################
在上面分發密鑰中,如果清單文件/etc/ansible/hosts里沒有使用ansible_ssh_pass變量指明密碼,則可以使用下面命令:
這里默認ssh-host組下的機器root密碼都一樣,使用-k 參數,回車輸入root密碼即可:
# ansible ssh-host -m authorized_key -a "user=root state=present key=\"{{ lookup('file', '/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub') }} \"" -k
####################################################################################################
編寫playbook文件
[root@ansible-server ~]# vim /opt/ssh_key.yaml
---
- hosts: ssh-host
user: root
tasks:
- name: ssh-copy
authorized_key: user=root key="{{ lookup('file', '/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub') }}"
注意上面yaml腳本中的"ssh-key-host"是在/etc/ansible/hosts清單文件里配置的遠程客戶機列表
這里做的是基於遠程主機root用戶的ssh互信
執行批量互信
[root@ansible-server ~]# ansible-playbook /opt/ssh_key.yaml
PLAY [ssh-host] ************************************************************************************************************************
TASK [Gathering Facts] *****************************************************************************************************************
ok: [172.16.60.204]
ok: [172.16.60.205]
ok: [172.16.60.206]
ok: [172.16.60.207]
TASK [ssh-copy] ************************************************************************************************************************
changed: [172.16.60.205]
changed: [172.16.60.204]
changed: [172.16.60.206]
changed: [172.16.60.207]
PLAY RECAP *****************************************************************************************************************************
172.16.60.204 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0
172.16.60.205 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0
172.16.60.206 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0
172.16.60.207 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0
最后驗證下ssh互信
[root@ansible-server ~]# ansible -i /etc/ansible/hosts ssh-host -m shell -a "whoami"
172.16.60.204 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
root
172.16.60.205 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
root
172.16.60.207 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
root
172.16.60.206 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
root
這樣,ansible批量創建到遠程客戶機的ssh信任關系已經實現了!
3) Ansible批量更新遠程主機用戶密碼方法
方法一: 使用Ansible的user模塊批量修改遠程客戶機的用戶密碼
由於在使用ansible修改用戶密碼的時候不能使用明文的方式,需要先加密,所以就需要使用一個方法對輸入的明文的密碼進行加密.
廢話不多說了. 下面直接記錄下操作方法:
[root@ansible-server ~]# vim /opt/root_passwd.yaml
---
- hosts: ssh-host
gather_facts: false
tasks:
- name: change user passwd
user: name={{ item.name }} password={{ item.chpass | password_hash('sha512') }} update_password=always
with_items:
- { name: 'root', chpass: 'kevin@123' }
- { name: 'app', chpass: 'bjop123' }
注意上面在yaml文件中修改了遠程客戶機的root用戶密碼, app用戶密碼.
如果還想要修改其他用戶密碼, 則繼續按照上面規則添加即可!
執行ansible-play
[root@ansible-server ~]# ansible-playbook /opt/root_passwd.yaml
PLAY [ssh-host] ************************************************************************************************************************
TASK [change user passwd] **************************************************************************************************************
changed: [172.16.60.204] => (item={u'chpass': u'kevin@123', u'name': u'root'})
changed: [172.16.60.205] => (item={u'chpass': u'kevin@123', u'name': u'root'})
changed: [172.16.60.204] => (item={u'chpass': u'bjop123', u'name': u'app'})
changed: [172.16.60.205] => (item={u'chpass': u'bjop123', u'name': u'app'})
changed: [172.16.60.206] => (item={u'chpass': u'kevin@123', u'name': u'root'})
changed: [172.16.60.206] => (item={u'chpass': u'bjop123', u'name': u'app'})
changed: [172.16.60.207] => (item={u'chpass': u'kevin@123', u'name': u'root'})
changed: [172.16.60.207] => (item={u'chpass': u'bjop123', u'name': u'app'})
PLAY RECAP *****************************************************************************************************************************
172.16.60.204 : ok=1 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0
172.16.60.205 : ok=1 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0
172.16.60.206 : ok=1 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0
172.16.60.207 : ok=1 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0
方法二: 修改遠程主機的單個用戶密碼使用此方法比較方便
編寫playbook文件
[root@ansible-server ~]# vim /opt/root_passwd2.yaml
---
- hosts: ssh-host
gather_facts: false
tasks:
- name: Change password
user: name={{ name1 }} password={{ chpass | password_hash('sha512') }} update_password=always
執行ansible-playbook, 使用-e參數傳遞用戶名和密碼給劇本,其中root為用戶名,admin#123就是修改后的root密碼
[root@ansible-server ~]# ansible-playbook /opt/root_passwd2.yaml -e "name1=root chpass=admin#123"
PLAY [ssh-host] ************************************************************************************************************************
TASK [Change password] *****************************************************************************************************************
changed: [172.16.60.204]
changed: [172.16.60.205]
changed: [172.16.60.206]
changed: [172.16.60.207]
PLAY RECAP *****************************************************************************************************************************
172.16.60.204 : ok=1 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0
172.16.60.205 : ok=1 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0
172.16.60.206 : ok=1 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0
172.16.60.207 : ok=1 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0
方法三: 使用如下Ansible腳本, 適用於修改清單中部分遠程主機的用戶密碼
編寫ansible-playbook腳本 (需要注意下面腳本中"ens192"是客戶機ip所在的網卡設備名稱, 這個要根據自己實際環境去配置, 比如eth0, eth1等)
[root@ansible-server ~]# cat /opt/root_passwd4.yaml
- hosts: test-host
remote_user: root
tasks:
- name: change password for root
shell: echo '{{ item.password }}' |passwd --stdin root
when: ansible_ens192.ipv4.address == '{{ item.ip }}'
with_items:
- { ip: "172.16.60.220", password: 'haha@123' }
- { ip: "172.16.60.221", password: 'kevin@123' }
- { ip: "172.16.60.222", password: 'bobo@123' }
執行ansible-playbook:
[root@ansible-server ansible]# ansible-playbook /opt/root_passwd3.yaml
PLAY [ssh-host] ************************************************************************************************************************
TASK [Gathering Facts] *****************************************************************************************************************
ok: [172.16.60.204]
ok: [172.16.60.205]
ok: [172.16.60.206]
ok: [172.16.60.207]
TASK [change password for root] ********************************************************************************************************
[WARNING]: when statements should not include jinja2 templating delimiters such as {{ }} or {% %}. Found: ansible_eth0.ipv4.address
== '{{ item.ip }}'
[WARNING]: when statements should not include jinja2 templating delimiters such as {{ }} or {% %}. Found: ansible_eth0.ipv4.address
== '{{ item.ip }}'
skipping: [172.16.60.205] => (item={u'ip': u'172.16.60.204', u'password': u'haha@123'})
[WARNING]: when statements should not include jinja2 templating delimiters such as {{ }} or {% %}. Found: ansible_eth0.ipv4.address
== '{{ item.ip }}'
skipping: [172.16.60.206] => (item={u'ip': u'172.16.60.204', u'password': u'haha@123'})
skipping: [172.16.60.206] => (item={u'ip': u'172.16.60.205', u'password': u'kevin@123'})
[WARNING]: when statements should not include jinja2 templating delimiters such as {{ }} or {% %}. Found: ansible_eth0.ipv4.address
== '{{ item.ip }}'
skipping: [172.16.60.207] => (item={u'ip': u'172.16.60.204', u'password': u'haha@123'})
skipping: [172.16.60.207] => (item={u'ip': u'172.16.60.205', u'password': u'kevin@123'})
skipping: [172.16.60.207] => (item={u'ip': u'172.16.60.206', u'password': u'bobo@123'})
changed: [172.16.60.205] => (item={u'ip': u'172.16.60.205', u'password': u'kevin@123'})
skipping: [172.16.60.205] => (item={u'ip': u'172.16.60.206', u'password': u'bobo@123'})
changed: [172.16.60.204] => (item={u'ip': u'172.16.60.204', u'password': u'haha@123'})
skipping: [172.16.60.204] => (item={u'ip': u'172.16.60.205', u'password': u'kevin@123'})
skipping: [172.16.60.204] => (item={u'ip': u'172.16.60.206', u'password': u'bobo@123'})
changed: [172.16.60.206] => (item={u'ip': u'172.16.60.206', u'password': u'bobo@123'})
PLAY RECAP *****************************************************************************************************************************
172.16.60.204 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0
172.16.60.205 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0
172.16.60.206 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0
172.16.60.207 : ok=1 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0
如果ansible服務端沒有和遠程主機做ssh信任關系, 則可以在hosts清單配置里直接指明用戶名和密碼. 如果使用普通用戶, 並且允許sudo, 則需要提前在客戶機里的/etc/sudoers文件里配置好該普通用戶的sudo配置, 即允許該普通用戶有sudo權限. [root@ansible-server ~]# vim /etc/ansible/hosts ................ [test-host] 172.16.60.220 ansible_ssh_user=root ansible_ssh_pass=123456 ansible_ssh_port=22 172.16.60.221 ansible_ssh_user=root ansible_ssh_pass=bo@123 ansible_ssh_port=22 172.16.60.222 ansible_ssh_user=app ansible_ssh_pass=bj@123 ansible_ssh_port=22 ansible_sudo_pass=bj@123 即172.16.60.222客戶機上要提前配置, 允許app用戶具有sudo權限. 執行: [root@ansible-server ~]# ansible test-host -m shell -a "hostname" 172.16.60.222 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >> k8s-node02 172.16.60.220 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >> k8s-master01 172.16.60.221 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >> k8s-node01 [root@ansible-server ~]# ansible -i /etc/ansible/hosts test-host -m shell -a "hostname" 172.16.60.222 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >> k8s-node02 172.16.60.220 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >> k8s-master01 172.16.60.221 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >> k8s-node01
