ansible的模塊使用說明

參考官方鏈接：

https://docs.ansible.com/ansible/latest/user_guide/intro_adhoc.html#parallelism-and-shell-commands

• shell模塊使用
  提權操作：

[root@ansible-test ~]# ansible test1 -m shell -a "ls /root" -u zhouyuqiang -k --become -K
SSH password:
SUDO password[defaults to SSH password]:
test1 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
anaconda-ks.cfg
GateOne-master
master.zip

• copy操作：
  官方：
  $ ansible atlanta -m copy -a "src=/etc/hosts dest=/tmp/hosts"

實際：
[root@ansible-test ~]# ansible web1 -m copy -a "src=/root/redis-5.0.3.tar.gz dest=/usr/local/src"

查詢：
[root@ansible-test ~]# ansible web1 -m shell -a "ls /usr/local/src"
172.16.188.191 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
redis-5.0.3.tar.gz

---

• file模塊：

創建文件夾：
state 一定需要指定：
狀態：
創建文件夾：directory
(遞歸)刪除文件：absent
創建一個文件：touch

[root@ansible-test ansible-yaml]# ansible web -m file -a "dest=/etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo state=absent"
test2 | CHANGED => {
"changed": true,
"path": "/etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo",
"state": "absent"
}
test1 | CHANGED => {
"changed": true,
"path": "/etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo",
"state": "absent"
}
test3 | CHANGED => {
"changed": true,
"path": "/etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo",
"state": "absent"
}

---

• yum模塊

state 一定需要
狀態：
具體版本：present
最新版本：latest
name 是指定需要安裝的包名

[root@ansible-test opt]# ansible web1 -m yum -a "name=memcached state=present"

卸載一個版本：
指定狀態就可以：absent
[root@ansible-test opt]# ansible web1 -m yum -a "name=memcached state=absent"

---

• user模塊
  創建一個用戶並設置密碼：
  [root@ansible-test ~]# ansible web1 -m user -a "name=user1 password=1"

查詢：
[root@ansible-test ~]# ansible web1 -m user -a "name=user1 password=1"
刪除用戶：
指定狀態即可：absent
[root@ansible-test ~]# ansible web1 -m user -a "name=user1 state=absent"

指定創建用戶不能登錄，一般是服務用戶：
[root@ansible-test ~]# ansible web1 -m user -a "name=user1 password=123 shell=/sbin/nologin "
如下：
user1❌1002:1003::/home/user1:/sbin/nologin

---

• git 模塊
  需要指定用戶：-uroot
  repo指定git倉庫地址
  目標主機需要有git命令，沒有進行安裝
  [root@ansible-test ~]# ansible web1 -m yum -a "name=git state=latest"

[root@ansible-test ~]# ansible web1 -vvvv -m git -a "repo=https://github.com/ansible/ansible.git dest=/opt/ansibleå-source" -uroot

---

• Managing Services啟動服務模塊
  啟動服務：
  state=started
  state=started
  [root@ansible-test ~]# ansible web -m service -a "name=memcached state=started" -uroot

關閉服務：
state=stopped
[root@ansible-test ~]# ansible web -m service -a "name=memcached state=stopped" -uroot

重新啟動：
state=restarted

[root@ansible-test ~]# ansible web -m service -a "name=memcached state=restarted" -uroot

加入開機啟動：
enabled=true

[root@ansible-test ~]# ansible web -m service -a "name=memcached enabled=true" -uroot

---

• setup模塊
  [root@ansible-test ~]# ansible web -m setup

如：
"ansible_system_capabilities_enforced": "True",
"ansible_system_vendor": "VMware, Inc.",
"ansible_uptime_seconds": 82564,
"ansible_user_dir": "/root",
"ansible_user_gecos": "root",
"ansible_user_gid": 0,
"ansible_user_id": "root",
"ansible_user_shell": "/bin/bash",
"ansible_user_uid": 0,
"ansible_userspace_architecture": "x86_64",
"ansible_userspace_bits": "64",
"ansible_virtualization_role": "guest",

  進行過濾操作：
  
  "filter=ansible_user_shell"
  
  [root@ansible-test ~]# ansible web -m setup  -a "filter=ansible_user_shell"

test2 | SUCCESS => {
"ansible_facts": {
"ansible_user_shell": "/bin/bash"

    [root@ansible-test ~]# ansible web -m setup  -a "filter=ansible_all_ipv4_addresses"

test2 | SUCCESS => {
"ansible_facts": {
"ansible_all_ipv4_addresses": [
"172.16.188.191"
]
},
"changed": false
}

可以通過統配符進行匹配：

如：filter=ipv4

[root@ansible-test ~]# ansible web -m setup -a "filter=ipv4"
test2 | SUCCESS => {
"ansible_facts": {
"ansible_all_ipv4_addresses": [
"172.16.188.191"
],
"ansible_default_ipv4": {
"address": "172.16.188.191",
"alias": "eth0",
"broadcast": "172.16.188.255",
"gateway": "172.16.188.1",

---

• playbook的模塊

yaml的語法,采用yaml語法，具體語法其實很簡單，主要是空格區分目錄。每個目錄層級是2個空格，每個：后面一定要需要空格，否則語法報錯