Centos7安裝MySQL8.0 - 操作手冊
轉載於網路
MySQL 8 正式版 8.0.11 已發布，官方表示 MySQL 8 要比 MySQL 5.7 快 2 倍，還帶來了大量的改進和更快的性能！
一. Mysql8.0版本相比之前版本的一些特性
1) 默認編碼utf8
默認編碼使用utf8mb4, utf8mb4編碼是utf8編碼的超集，兼容utf8，並且能存儲4字節的表情字符歷史，MySQL數據庫的 "utf8"並不是真正概念里的 UTF-8。MySQL中的"utf8"編碼只支持最大3字節每字符。真正的大家正在使用的UTF-8編碼是應該能支持4字節每個字符。MySQL的開發者沒有修復這個bug。他們在2010年增加了一個變通的方法：一個新的字符集"utf8mb4"另外，utf-32編碼固定使用4字節，32bit存儲相比utf8浪費空間。
2) 降序索引
在之前的版本中可以創建，但是實際創建的還是升序索引
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mysql> create table t1(id1 int,id2 int,key(id1,id2 desc));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.10 sec)
mysql> show create table t1 \G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Table: t1
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `t1` (
`id1` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
`id2` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
KEY `id1` (`id1`,`id2` DESC)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci
1 row
in
set
(0.00 sec)
ERROR:
No query specified
|
另外，由於降序索引的引入，MySQL 8.0再也不會對group by操作進行隱式排序
3) 隱藏索引
隱藏索引的特性對於性能調試非常有用。當一個索引隱藏時，它不會被查詢優化器所使用。也就是說，我們可以隱藏一個索引，然后觀察對數據庫的影響。如果數據庫性能有所下降，就說明這個索引是有用的，於是將其“恢復顯示”即可；如果數據庫性能看不出變化，說明這個索引是多余的，可以刪掉了.
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mysql> create index idx2 on t1(id1);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.35 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> alter table t1 alter index idx2 invisible;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> show index from t1 where key_name=
'idx2'
\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Table: t1
Non_unique: 1
Key_name: idx2
Seq_in_index: 1
Column_name: id1
Collation: A
Cardinality: 0
Sub_part: NULL
Packed: NULL
Null: YES
Index_type: BTREE
Comment:
Index_comment:
Visible: NO
1 row
in
set
(0.01 sec)
ERROR:
No query specified
|
當索引被隱藏時，它的內容仍然是和正常索引一樣實時更新的，此特性是專門為優化調試使用。如果長期隱藏一個索引，那還不如干脆刪掉，因為畢竟索引存在會影響插入、更新和刪除的性能.
4) 設置持久化
在oracle中可以使用scope設置參數確定是否到spfile, 現在mysql8.0也可以放在文件中了，使用方法:
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mysql> show variables like
'max_connects'
;
Empty
set
(0.07 sec)
mysql> show variables like
'max_connections'
;
+-----------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+-----------------+-------+
| max_connections | 500 |
+-----------------+-------+
1 row
in
set
(0.01 sec)
mysql>
set
persist max_connections=1000;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show variables like
'max_connections'
;
+-----------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+-----------------+-------+
| max_connections | 1000 |
+-----------------+-------+
1 row
in
set
(0.01 sec)
|
可以查看在數據目錄datadir中的一個mysqld-auto.cnf文件中保存了設置，下次啟動時候將用此配置覆蓋默認配置參數
{ "Version" : 1 , "mysql_server" : { "max_connections" : { "Value" : "1000" , "Metadata" : { "Timestamp" : 1540437420567571 , "User" : "root" , "Host" : "" } } } }
5) 通用表表達式（Common Table Expressions）
也可以稱為虛擬視圖，大大簡化復雜查詢
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mysql> WITH
-> t1 AS (SELECT * FROM t1),
-> t2 AS (SELECT * FROM t1)
-> SELECT t1.*, t2.*
-> FROM t1, t2;
+------+------+------+------+
| id1 | id2 | id1 | id2 |
+------+------+------+------+
| 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 |
+------+------+------+------+
1 row
in
set
(0.00 sec)
|
6) 窗口函數（Window Functions）
MySQL 被吐槽最多的特性之一就是缺少 rank() 函數，當需要在查詢當中實現排名時，必須手寫 @ 變量。但是從 8.0 開始，MySQL 新增了一個叫窗口函數的概念，它可以用來實現若干新的查詢方式
說明，窗口可以單獨創建。
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mysql> create table tbl2(name varchar(10),amount int);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.16 sec)
mysql> insert into tbl2 values(
'usa'
,100),(
'china'
,101),(
'japan'
,103),(
'russian'
,99);
Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.13 sec)
Records: 4 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql>
select
t1.*,rank() over w as
'rank'
from tbl2 as t1 window w as (order by amount);
+---------+--------+------+
| name | amount | rank |
+---------+--------+------+
| russian | 99 | 1 |
| usa | 100 | 2 |
| china | 101 | 3 |
| japan | 103 | 4 |
+---------+--------+------+
4 rows
in
set
(0.00 sec)
mysql>
select
t1.*,rank() over() as
'rank'
from tbl2 as t1;
+---------+--------+------+
| name | amount | rank |
+---------+--------+------+
| usa | 100 | 1 |
| china | 101 | 1 |
| japan | 103 | 1 |
| russian | 99 | 1 |
+---------+--------+------+
4 rows
in
set
(0.00 sec)
mysql>
select
t1.*,rank() over(order by amount) as
'rank'
from tbl2 as t1;
+---------+--------+------+
| name | amount | rank |
+---------+--------+------+
| russian | 99 | 1 |
| usa | 100 | 2 |
| china | 101 | 3 |
| japan | 103 | 4 |
+---------+--------+------+
4 rows
in
set
(0.00 sec)
mysql>
select
t1.*,
sum
() over() as
'rank'
from tbl2 as t1;
ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error
in
your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version
for
the right syntax to use near
') over() as '
rank
' from tbl2 as t1'
at line 1
mysql>
select
t1.*,
sum
(amount) over() as
'sum'
from tbl2 as t1;
+---------+--------+------+
| name | amount |
sum
|
+---------+--------+------+
| usa | 100 | 403 |
| china | 101 | 403 |
| japan | 103 | 403 |
| russian | 99 | 403 |
+---------+--------+------+
4 rows
in
set
(0.00 sec)
|
7) 安全性
對 OpenSSL 的改進、新的默認身份驗證、SQL 角色、密碼強度、授權。MySQL現在維護關於密碼歷史的信息，允許對以前密碼的重用進行限制
比如常見的一個連接錯誤，參考：https://blog.csdn.net/jc_benben/article/details/80652897
8) 增加JSON （json enhancements）AND OpenGIS spatial types
mysql提供了很多json相關的函數和API接口，添加了基於路徑查詢參數從 JSON 字段中抽取數據的 JSON_EXTRACT() 函數，以及用於將數據分別組合到 JSON 數組和對象中的 JSON_ARRAYAGG() 和 JSON_OBJECTAGG() 聚合函數
9) 原子數據定義語句（原子DDL）（Atomic Data Definition Statements (Atomic DDL)）
10) 資源管理（Resource management）
MySQL現在支持資源組的創建和管理，並允許將服務器內運行的線程分配給特定組，以便線程根據組可用的資源執行。組屬性可以控制其資源，以啟用或限制組中線程的資源消耗
11) Data dictionary
MySQL現在包含一個事務數據字典，用於存儲有關數據庫對象的信息，In previous MySQL releases, dictionary data was stored in metadata files and nontransactional tables
比如myisam和innodb表定義frm文件等.
12) innodb的增強
1 每次值更改時，當前最大自動增量計數器值將寫入重做日志，並保存到每個檢查點上的引擎專用系統表中。這些更改使當前最大自動增量計數器值在服務器重新啟動時保持不變。
2 遇到索引樹損壞時， InnoDB將損壞標志寫入重做日志，這會使損壞標志崩潰安全。InnoDB還將內存中損壞標志數據寫入每個檢查點上的引擎專用系統表。在恢復期間， InnoDB從兩個位置讀取損壞標志並在將內存表和索引對象標記為損壞之前合並結果。
3 InnoDB 分布式緩存插件支持多個get操作（讀取在一個單一的多鍵/值對分布式緩存查詢）和范圍查詢;
4 新的動態配置選項 innodb_deadlock_detect可用於禁用死鎖檢測。在高並發系統上，當許多線程等待同一個鎖時，死鎖檢測會導致速度減慢。有時，禁用死鎖檢測可能更有效，並且在innodb_lock_wait_timeout發生死鎖時依賴於事務回滾的設置。
5 INFORMATION_SCHEMA.INNODB_CACHED_INDEXES 表報告InnoDB每個索引緩沖池中緩存的索引頁數 。
6 InnoDB現在，在共享臨時表空間中創建臨時表ibtmp1。
7 InnoDB 表空間加密功能支持重做日志的加密和撤消日志數據;
8 InnoDB支持 NOWAIT和SKIP LOCKED選項SELECT ... FOR SHARE以及SELECT ... FOR UPDATE鎖定讀取語句。 NOWAIT如果請求的行被另一個事務鎖定，則會立即返回該語句。SKIP LOCKED從結果集中刪除鎖定的行SELECT ... FOR SHARE替換 SELECT ... LOCK IN SHARE MODE，但LOCK IN SHARE MODE仍可用於向后兼容;
9 支持ADD PARTITION，DROP PARTITION，COALESCE PARTITION，REORGANIZE PARTITION，和REBUILD PARTITION ALTER TABLE選項;
10 InnoDB存儲引擎現在使用MySQL的數據字典，而不是它自己的存儲引擎特定的數據字典;
11 mysql系統表和數據字典表現在在MySQL數據目錄中InnoDB命名的單個表空間文件創建mysql.ibd。以前，這些表是InnoDB在mysql數據庫目錄中的各個表空間文件中創建的;
二. Mysql8.0安裝 (YUM方式)
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1) 首先刪除系統默認或之前可能安裝的其他版本的mysql
[root@DB-node01 ~]
# for i in $(rpm -qa|grep mysql);do rpm -e $i --nodeps;done
[root@DB-node01 ~]
# rm -rf /var/lib/mysql && rm -rf /etc/my.cnf
2) 安裝Mysql8.0 的yum資源庫
mysql80-community-release-el7-1.noarch.rpm 下載地址: https:
//pan
.baidu.com
/s/1QzYaSnzAQeTqAmk8FE9doA
提取密碼: 2maw
[root@DB-node01 ~]
# yum localinstall https://repo.mysql.com//mysql80-community-release-el7-1.noarch.rpm
3) 安裝Mysql8.0
[root@DB-node01 ~]
# yum install mysql-community-server
啟動MySQL服務器和MySQL的自動啟動
[root@DB-node01 ~]
# systemctl start mysqld
[root@DB-node01 ~]
# systemctl enable mysqld
4) 使用默認密碼初次登錄后, 必須要重置密碼
查看默認密碼, 如下默認密碼為
"e53xDalx.*dE"
[root@DB-node01 ~]
# grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log
2019-03-06T01:53:19.897262Z 5 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated
for
root@localhost: e53xDalx.*dE
[root@DB-node01 ~]
# mysql -pe53xDalx.*dE
............
mysql>
select
version();
ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement.
報錯提示必須要重置初始密碼, 下面開始重置mysql登錄密碼（注意要切換到mysql數據庫，使用use mysql）
mysql> use mysql;
ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement.
mysql> ALTER USER
'root'
@
'localhost'
IDENTIFIED BY
'123456'
;
ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements
這個其實與validate_password_policy的值有關, mysql8.0更改了validate_password_policy相關的配置名稱, 這跟Mysql5.7有點不一樣了.
mysql>
set
global validate_password.policy=0;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql>
set
global validate_password.length=1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
接着再修改密碼
mysql> ALTER USER
'root'
@
'localhost'
IDENTIFIED BY
'123456'
;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
退出, 重新使用新密碼登錄mysql
[root@DB-node01 ~]
# mysql -p123456
...........
mysql>
select
version();
+-----------+
| version() |
+-----------+
| 8.0.15 |
+-----------+
1 row
in
set
(0.00 sec)
查看服務端口
mysql> show global variables like
'port'
;
+---------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-------+
| port | 3306 |
+---------------+-------+
1 row
in
set
(0.01 sec)
查看mysql連接的授權信息
mysql>
select
host,user,password from mysql.user;
ERROR 1054 (42S22): Unknown column
'password'
in
'field list'
上面這是mysql5.6及以下版本的查看命令,
mysql5.7之后的數據庫里mysql.user表里已經沒有password這個字段了，password字段改成了authentication_string。
mysql>
select
host,user,authentication_string from mysql.user;
+-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| host | user | authentication_string |
+-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| localhost | mysql.infoschema | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
| localhost | mysql.session | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
| localhost | mysql.sys | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
| localhost | root | $A$005${7J0=4Dc7Jym8eI
/FU4jimKWFvkD9XmoAkF1ca5
.Un0bc6zgmPtU.0 |
+-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
4 rows
in
set
(0.00 sec)
=============================mysql8.0修改用戶密碼命令================================
mysql> use mysql;
mysql> ALTER USER
'root'
@
'localhost'
IDENTIFIED BY
'123456'
;
mysql> flush privileges;
|
三. Mysql8.0安裝 (二進制方式)
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1) 首先刪除系統默認或之前可能安裝的其他版本的mysql
[root@mysql8-node ~]
# for i in $(rpm -qa|grep mysql);do rpm -e $i --nodeps;done
[root@mysql8-node ~]
# rm -rf /var/lib/mysql && rm -rf /etc/my.cnf
2) 安裝需要的軟件包
[root@mysql8-node ~]
# yum -y install libaio
[root@mysql8-node ~]
# yum -y install net-tools
3) 下載並安裝Mysql8.0.12
下載地址: https:
//pan
.baidu.com
/s/1LyXrkrCPP7QKLrWYbLRBlw
提取密碼: emmf
[root@mysql8-node ~]
# groupadd mysql
[root@mysql8-node ~]
# useradd -g mysql mysql
[root@mysql8-node ~]
# cd /usr/local/src/
[root@mysql-node src]
# ll
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 620389228 Aug 22 2018 mysql8.0.12_bin_centos7.
tar
.gz
[root@mysql-node src]
# tar -zvxf mysql8.0.12_bin_centos7.tar.gz
[root@mysql-node src]
# mv mysql /usr/local/
[root@mysql-node src]
# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql
[root@mysql-node src]
# vim /home/mysql/.bash_profile
export
PATH=
/usr/local/mysql/bin
:
/usr/local/mysql/lib
:$PATH
[root@mysql-node src]
# source /home/mysql/.bash_profile
[root@mysql-node src]
# echo "PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin" >> /etc/profile
[root@mysql-node src]
# source /etc/profile
4) 創建數據目錄
[root@mysql-node src]
# mkdir -p /data/mysql/{data,log,binlog,conf,tmp}
[root@mysql-node src]
# chown -R mysql.mysql /data/mysql
5) 配置mysql
[root@mysql-node src]
# su - mysql
[mysql@mysql-node ~]$ vim
/data/mysql/conf/my
.cnf
[mysqld]
lower_case_table_names = 1
user = mysql
server_id = 1
port = 3306
default-
time
-zone =
'+08:00'
enforce_gtid_consistency = ON
gtid_mode = ON
binlog_checksum = none
default_authentication_plugin = mysql_native_password
datadir =
/data/mysql/data
pid-
file
=
/data/mysql/tmp/mysqld
.pid
socket =
/data/mysql/tmp/mysqld
.sock
tmpdir =
/data/mysql/tmp/
skip-name-resolve = ON
open_files_limit = 65535
table_open_cache = 2000
#################innodb########################
innodb_data_home_dir =
/data/mysql/data
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:512M;ibdata2:512M:autoextend
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 12000M
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
innodb_io_capacity = 600
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120
innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M
innodb_log_file_size = 200M
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 85
innodb_read_io_threads = 8
innodb_write_io_threads = 8
innodb_thread_concurrency = 32
innodb_file_per_table
innodb_rollback_on_timeout
innodb_undo_directory =
/data/mysql/data
innodb_log_group_home_dir =
/data/mysql/data
###################session###########################
join_buffer_size = 8M
key_buffer_size = 256M
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 8M
max_heap_table_size = 96M
tmp_table_size = 96M
read_buffer_size = 8M
sort_buffer_size = 2M
max_allowed_packet = 64M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 32M
############log set###################
log-error =
/data/mysql/log/mysqld
.err
log-bin =
/data/mysql/binlog/binlog
log_bin_index =
/data/mysql/binlog/binlog
.index
max_binlog_size = 500M
slow_query_log_file =
/data/mysql/log/slow
.log
slow_query_log = 1
long_query_time = 10
log_queries_not_using_indexes = ON
log_throttle_queries_not_using_indexes = 10
log_slow_admin_statements = ON
log_output = FILE,TABLE
master_info_file =
/data/mysql/binlog/master
.info
6) 初始化 (稍等一會兒, 可以到
/data/mysql/log/mysqld
.err日子里查看初始化過程, 看看有沒有error信息)
[mysql@mysql-node ~]$ mysqld --defaults-
file
=
/data/mysql/conf/my
.cnf --initialize-insecure --user=mysql
7) 啟動mysqld
[mysql@mysql-node ~]$ mysqld_safe --defaults-
file
=
/data/mysql/conf/my
.cnf &
[mysql@mysql-node ~]$
lsof
-i:3306
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE
/OFF
NODE NAME
mysqld 24743 mysql 23u IPv6 23132988 0t0 TCP *:mysql (LISTEN)
8) 登錄mysql, 重置密碼
本地首次使用sock文件登錄mysql是不需要密碼的
[mysql@mysql-node ~]
# mysql -S /data/mysql/tmp/mysqld.sock
.............
mysql> ALTER USER
'root'
@
'localhost'
IDENTIFIED BY
'123456'
;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
mysql>
select
host,user,authentication_string from mysql.user;
+-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| host | user | authentication_string |
+-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| localhost | mysql.infoschema | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
| localhost | mysql.session | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
| localhost | mysql.sys | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
| localhost | root | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 |
+-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
4 rows
in
set
(0.00 sec)
退出, 此時密碼重置后, 就不能使用sock文件無密碼登錄了
[root@mysql-node ~]
# mysql -S /data/mysql/tmp/mysqld.sock
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied
for
user
'root'
@
'localhost'
(using password: NO)
[root@mysql-node ~]
# mysql -p123456
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the
command
line interface can be insecure.
ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can
't connect to local MySQL server through socket '
/tmp/mysql
.sock' (2)
做sock文件的軟鏈接
[root@mysql-node ~]
# ln -s /data/mysql/tmp/mysqld.sock /tmp/mysql.sock
[root@mysql-node ~]
# mysql -p123456
或者
[root@mysql-node ~]
# mysql -uroot -S /data/mysql/tmp/mysqld.sock -p123456
.............
mysql>
select
version();
+-----------+
| version() |
+-----------+
| 8.0.12 |
+-----------+
1 row
in
set
(0.00 sec)
#授予用戶權限. 必須先要創建用戶, 才能授權!!
(創建用戶時要帶@並指定地址, 則grant授權時的地址就是這個@后面指定的!, 否則grant授權就會報錯!)
mysql> create user
'kevin'
@
'%'
identified by
'123456'
;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.11 sec)
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to
'kevin'
@
'%'
with grant option;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.21 sec)
mysql>
select
host,user,authentication_string from mysql.user;
+-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| host | user | authentication_string |
+-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| % | kevin | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 |
| localhost | mysql.infoschema | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
| localhost | mysql.session | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
| localhost | mysql.sys | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
| localhost | root | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 |
+-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
5 rows
in
set
(0.00 sec)
mysql> update mysql.user
set
host=
'172.16.60.%'
where user=
"kevin"
;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.16 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)
mysql>
select
host,user,authentication_string from mysql.user;
+-------------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| host | user | authentication_string |
+-------------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 172.16.60.% | kevin | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 |
| localhost | mysql.infoschema | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
| localhost | mysql.session | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
| localhost | mysql.sys | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
| localhost | root | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 |
+-------------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
5 rows
in
set
(0.00 sec)
mysql> create user
'bobo'
@
'172.16.60.%'
identified by
'123456'
;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec)
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to
'bobo'
@
'172.16.60.%'
;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.17 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)
mysql>
select
host,user,authentication_string from mysql.user;
+-------------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| host | user | authentication_string |
+-------------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 172.16.60.% | bobo | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 |
| 172.16.60.% | kevin | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 |
| localhost | mysql.infoschema | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
| localhost | mysql.session | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
| localhost | mysql.sys | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
| localhost | root | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 |
+-------------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
6 rows
in
set
(0.00 sec)
mysql> show grants
for
kevin@
'172.16.60.%'
;
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Grants
for
kevin@172.16.60.% |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, CREATE, DROP, RELOAD, SHUTDOWN, PROCESS, FILE, REFERENCES, INDEX, ALTER, SHOW DATABASES, SUPER, CREATE TEMPORARY TABLES, LOCK TABLES, EXECUTE, REPLICATION SLAVE, REPLICATION CLIENT, CREATE VIEW, SHOW VIEW, CREATE ROUTINE, ALTER ROUTINE, CREATE USER, EVENT, TRIGGER, CREATE TABLESPACE, CREATE ROLE, DROP ROLE ON *.* TO `kevin`@`172.16.60.%` WITH GRANT OPTION |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row
in
set
(0.00 sec)
|
MySQL單機多實例安裝配置
通過上面二進制部署可知, 已經起來一個3306端口的MySQL實例, 現在需要再起來兩個實例, 分別為3307, 3308. 操作如下:
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創建實例的數據目錄
[root@mysql-node ~]
# mkdir -p /data/mysql3307/{data,log,binlog,conf,tmp}
[root@mysql-node ~]
# mkdir -p /data/mysql3308/{data,log,binlog,conf,tmp}
[root@mysql-node ~]
# chown -R mysql.mysql /data/mysql3307
[root@mysql-node ~]
# chown -R mysql.mysql /data/mysql3308
配置mysql
[root@mysql-node ~]
# cp -r /data/mysql/conf/my.cnf /data/mysql3307/conf/
[root@mysql-node ~]
# cp -r /data/mysql/conf/my.cnf /data/mysql3308/conf/
[root@mysql-node ~]
# sed -i 's#/data/mysql/#/data/mysql3307/#g' /data/mysql3307/conf/my.cnf
[root@mysql-node ~]
# sed -i 's#/data/mysql/#/data/mysql3308/#g' /data/mysql3308/conf/my.cnf
[root@mysql-node ~]
# sed -i 's/3306/3307/g' /data/mysql3307/conf/my.cnf
[root@mysql-node ~]
# sed -i 's/3306/3308/g' /data/mysql3308/conf/my.cnf
[root@mysql-node ~]
# chown -R mysql.mysql /data/mysql*
進行初始化兩個實例
[root@mysql-node ~]
# mysqld --defaults-file=/data/mysql3307/conf/my.cnf --initialize-insecure --user=mysql
[root@mysql-node ~]
# mysqld --defaults-file=/data/mysql3308/conf/my.cnf --initialize-insecure --user=mysql
接着啟動mysqld
[root@mysql-node ~]
# mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/mysql3307/conf/my.cnf &
[root@mysql-node ~]
# mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/mysql3308/conf/my.cnf &
[root@mysql-node ~]
# ps -ef|grep mysql
mysql 23996 1 0 14:37 ? 00:00:00
/bin/sh
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe
--defaults-
file
=
/data/mysql/conf/my
.cnf
mysql 24743 23996 0 14:38 ? 00:00:17
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld
--defaults-
file
=
/data/mysql/conf/my
.cnf --basedir=
/usr/local/mysql
--datadir=
/data/mysql/data
--plugin-
dir
=
/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin
--log-error=
/data/mysql/log/mysqld
.err --
open
-files-limit=65535 --pid-
file
=
/data/mysql/tmp/mysqld
.pid --socket=
/data/mysql/tmp/mysqld
.sock --port=3306
root 30473 23727 0 15:33 pts
/0
00:00:00
/bin/sh
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe
--defaults-
file
=
/data/mysql3307/conf/my
.cnf
mysql 31191 30473 17 15:33 pts
/0
00:00:02
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld
--defaults-
file
=
/data/mysql3307/conf/my
.cnf --basedir=
/usr/local/mysql
--datadir=
/data/mysql3307/data
--plugin-
dir
=
/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin
--user=mysql --log-error=
/data/mysql3307/log/mysqld
.err --
open
-files-limit=65535 --pid-
file
=
/data/mysql3307/tmp/mysqld
.pid --socket=
/data/mysql3307/tmp/mysqld
.sock --port=3307
root 31254 23727 0 15:33 pts
/0
00:00:00
/bin/sh
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe
--defaults-
file
=
/data/mysql3308/conf/my
.cnf
mysql 31977 31254 39 15:33 pts
/0
00:00:02
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld
--defaults-
file
=
/data/mysql3308/conf/my
.cnf --basedir=
/usr/local/mysql
--datadir=
/data/mysql3308/data
--plugin-
dir
=
/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin
--user=mysql --log-error=
/data/mysql3308/log/mysqld
.err --
open
-files-limit=65535 --pid-
file
=
/data/mysql3308/tmp/mysqld
.pid --socket=
/data/mysql3308/tmp/mysqld
.sock --port=3308
root 32044 23727 0 15:34 pts
/0
00:00:00
grep
--color=auto mysql
[root@mysql-node ~]
# lsof -i:3307
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE
/OFF
NODE NAME
mysqld 31191 mysql 22u IPv6 23144844 0t0 TCP *:opsession-prxy (LISTEN)
[root@mysql-node ~]
# lsof -i:3308
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE
/OFF
NODE NAME
mysqld 31977 mysql 22u IPv6 23145727 0t0 TCP *:tns-server (LISTEN)
[root@mysql-node ~]
# lsof -i:3306
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE
/OFF
NODE NAME
mysqld 24743 mysql 23u IPv6 23132988 0t0 TCP *:mysql (LISTEN)
登錄3307端口實例, 並設置密碼
[root@mysql-node ~]
# mysql -S /data/mysql3307/tmp/mysqld.sock
............
mysql> ALTER USER
'root'
@
'localhost'
IDENTIFIED BY
'123456'
;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.11 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.11 sec)
退出, 使用新密碼登錄
[root@mysql-node ~]
# mysql -uroot -S /data/mysql3307/tmp/mysqld.sock -p123456
.............
mysql>
同理, 登錄3308端口實例, 並設置密碼
[root@mysql-node ~]
# mysql -S /data/mysql3308/tmp/mysqld.sock
...........
mysql> ALTER USER
'root'
@
'localhost'
IDENTIFIED BY
'123456'
;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.13 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
退出, 使用新密碼登錄
[root@mysql-node ~]
# mysql -uroot -S /data/mysql3308/tmp/mysqld.sock -p123456
....................
mysql>
==========================================
3306, 3307, 3308三個端口實例的啟動命令分別為:
mysqld_safe --defaults-
file
=
/data/mysql/conf/my
.cnf &
mysqld_safe --defaults-
file
=
/data/mysql3307/conf/my
.cnf &
mysqld_safe --defaults-
file
=
/data/mysql3308/conf/my
.cnf &
登錄命令分別為:
mysql -uroot -S
/data/mysql/tmp/mysqld
.sock -p123456
mysql -uroot -S
/data/mysql3307/tmp/mysqld
.sock -p123456
mysql -uroot -S
/data/mysql3308/tmp/mysqld
.sock -p123456
|
編寫mysql多端口實例的登錄腳本
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上面的多端口實例配置之后, 查看一個登錄腳本:myin (注意將腳本中的密碼改為自己的密碼)
[root@mysql-node ~]
# ll /usr/local/mysql/bin/myin
-rwxrwxr-x 1 mysql mysql 161 Aug 22 2018
/usr/local/mysql/bin/myin
[root@mysql-node ~]
# cat /usr/local/mysql/bin/myin
#!/bin/bash
p=$1
shift
mysql -h
"127.0.0.1"
-P
"$p"
--default-character-
set
=utf8mb4 --show-warnings -uroot -p
'123456'
-A --prompt=
"(\u@\p)[\d]> "
"$@"
嘗試登錄
[mysql@mysql-node ~]
# myin 3306
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the
command
line interface can be insecure.
ERROR 1130 (HY000): Host
'127.0.0.1'
is not allowed to connect to this MySQL server
這是因為各個端口實例中的root用戶授權的是localhost, 而不是127.0.0.1, 則可以再次添加一個針對127.0.0.1的root用戶授權
或者將myin腳本中的127.0.0.1 修改為 localhost
[root@mysql-node ~]
# sed -i 's/127.0.0.1/localhost/g' /usr/local/mysql/bin/myin
[root@mysql-node ~]
# cat /usr/local/mysql/bin/myin
#!/bin/bash
p=$1
shift
mysql -h
"localhost"
-P
"$p"
--default-character-
set
=utf8mb4 --show-warnings -uroot -p
'123456'
-A --prompt=
"(\u@\p)[\d]> "
"$@"
則現在可以登錄各個實例了, 登錄命令為
"myin port"
登錄3306端口實例
[root@mysql-node ~]
# myin 3306
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the
command
line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection
id
is 27
Server version: 8.0.12 MySQL Community Server - GPL
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and
/or
its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and
/or
its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type
'help;'
or
'\h'
for
help. Type
'\c'
to
clear
the current input statement.
(root@mysql.sock)[(none)]>
登錄3307端口實例
[root@mysql-node ~]
# myin 3307
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the
command
line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection
id
is 28
Server version: 8.0.12 MySQL Community Server - GPL
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and
/or
its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and
/or
its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type
'help;'
or
'\h'
for
help. Type
'\c'
to
clear
the current input statement.
(root@mysql.sock)[(none)]>
登錄3308端口實例
[root@mysql-node ~]
# myin 3308
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the
command
line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection
id
is 29
Server version: 8.0.12 MySQL Community Server - GPL
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and
/or
its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and
/or
its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type
'help;'
or
'\h'
for
help. Type
'\c'
to
clear
the current input statement.
(root@mysql.sock)[(none)]>
|
生產環境下的思路: 同一個業務庫單獨放在一個實例下, 不要混用數據庫. 單機多實例間可以做主從或主主同步, 也可以在多機多實例之間坐主從或主主同步.
比如:
A機器有三個實例: 3310, 3311, 3312
B機器有三個實例: 3310, 3311, 3312
C機器有三個實例: 3310, 3311, 3312
則三台機器的每個對應的端口實例之間做主從或主主同步(GTID, MGR), 一主兩從, 或三主模式. (多實例環境最好不要用3306端口, 否則經常會出現一些誤操作)
四. Mysql8.0使用過程中踩過的一些坑
1) 創建用戶和授權
在mysql8.0創建用戶和授權和之前不太一樣了，其實嚴格上來講，也不能說是不一樣, 只能說是更嚴格, mysql8.0需要先創建用戶(創建用戶時要帶@並指定地址, 則grant授權時的地址就是這個@后面指定的!, 否則grant授權就會報錯!)和設置密碼,然后才能授權。
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mysql> create user
'kevin'
@
'%'
identified by
'123456'
;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to
'kevin'
@
'%'
with grant option;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)
mysql> create user
'bobo'
@
'%'
identified by
'123456'
;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.06 sec)
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to
'bobo'
@
'%'
with grant option;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)
mysql>
select
host,user,authentication_string from mysql.user;
+-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| host | user | authentication_string |
+-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| % | bobo | $A$005$1VY")q?G6<^X@-6LsXrPt5C0TwlTuvHbaOa3sYF0DKViIGoRPuCF8AzwiFcim1 |
| % | kevin | $A$005$hy`U}ZB
#R::rA8W0y2rmwgySqzv0rmR1eTeNDSaXfQPWIsrh7ytbVdi85 |
| localhost | mysql.infoschema | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
| localhost | mysql.session | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
| localhost | mysql.sys | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
| localhost | root | $A$005$
/VO_y
^7,]6;2qxggBLmJzhA0Qylu5
/AHuRScZ/ykKedgZKh/6krOIzPs2
|
+-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|
如果還是用Mysql5.7及之前版本的直接授權的方法, 會有報錯:
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mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to
'shibo'
@
'%'
identified by
'123456'
;
ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error
in
your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version
for
the right syntax to use near
'identified by '
123456
''
at line 1
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2) Mysql8.0默認是不能使用root賬號進行遠程登錄的! root賬號只能本地登錄!
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mysql>
select
host,user,authentication_string from mysql.user;
+-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| host | user | authentication_string |
+-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| % | bobo | $A$005$1VY")q?G6<^X@-6LsXrPt5C0TwlTuvHbaOa3sYF0DKViIGoRPuCF8AzwiFcim1 |
| % | kevin | $A$005$hy`U}ZB
#R::rA8W0y2rmwgySqzv0rmR1eTeNDSaXfQPWIsrh7ytbVdi85 |
| localhost | mysql.infoschema | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
| localhost | mysql.session | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
| localhost | mysql.sys | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
| localhost | root | $A$005$
/VO_y
^7,]6;2qxggBLmJzhA0Qylu5
/AHuRScZ/ykKedgZKh/6krOIzPs2
|
+-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
6 rows
in
set
(0.00 sec)
如果想要遠程登錄, 則需要進行update更新下root賬號的權限
mysql> update mysql.user
set
host=
'%'
where user=
"root"
;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.10 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.14 sec)
mysql>
select
host,user,authentication_string from mysql.user;
+-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| host | user | authentication_string |
+-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| % | bobo | $A$005$1VY")q?G6<^X@-6LsXrPt5C0TwlTuvHbaOa3sYF0DKViIGoRPuCF8AzwiFcim1 |
| % | kevin | $A$005$hy`U}ZB
#R::rA8W0y2rmwgySqzv0rmR1eTeNDSaXfQPWIsrh7ytbVdi85 |
| % | root | $A$005$
/VO_y
^7,]6;2qxggBLmJzhA0Qylu5
/AHuRScZ/ykKedgZKh/6krOIzPs2
|
| localhost | mysql.infoschema | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
| localhost | mysql.session | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
| localhost | mysql.sys | $A$005$THISISACOMBINATIONOFINVALIDSALTANDPASSWORDTHATMUSTNEVERBRBEUSED |
+-----------+------------------+------------------------------------------------------------------------+
6 rows
in
set
(0.00 sec)
|
這樣就能在遠程使用root賬號登錄該mysql8.0的數據庫了
3) 修改root賬號權限, 允許root賬號遠程登錄后, 用navicat進行mysql的遠程連接時，出現了彈窗報錯：
出現這個原因是mysql8 之前的版本中加密規則是mysql_native_password, 而在mysql8之后,加密規則是caching_sha2_password, 解決問題方法有兩種:
1) 一種是升級navicat驅動;
2) 一種是把mysql用戶登錄密碼加密規則還原成mysql_native_password;
這里選擇第二種方法來解決:
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#修改加密規則
mysql> ALTER USER
'root'
@
'%'
IDENTIFIED BY
'123456'
PASSWORD EXPIRE NEVER;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.16 sec)
#更新一下用戶的密碼
mysql> ALTER USER
'root'
@
'%'
IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY
'123456'
;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.08 sec)
#刷新權限
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
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這樣問題就解決了。
4) sqlyog鏈接時出現2058異常
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1) 使用sqlyog鏈接時會出現2058的異常，此時我們需要修改mysql，命令行登錄mysql（與修改密碼中登錄相同，使用修改后的密碼），然后執行下面的命令：
mysql > ALTER USER
'root'
@
'localhost'
IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY
'password'
;
其中password為自己修改的密碼。然后SQLyog中重新連接，則可連接成功，OK。
2) 如果報錯：ERROR 1396 (HY000): Operation ALTER USER failed
for
'root'
@
'localhost'
則使用下面命令：
mysql > ALTER USER
'root'
@
'%'
IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY
'password'
;
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5) 修改默認編碼方式
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mysql8.0默認編碼方式為utf8mb4，因此使用時不需要修改，可使用如下命令查看：
mysql > SHOW VARIABLES WHERE Variable_name LIKE
'character_set_%'
OR Variable_name LIKE
'collation%'
;
如果需要修改其他編碼方式，比如需要修改為utf8mb4，可以使用如下方式：
修改mysql配置文件my.cnf, 找到后請在以下三部分里添加如下內容：
[client]
default-character-
set
= utf8mb4
[mysql]
default-character-
set
= utf8mb4
[mysqld]
character-
set
-client-handshake = FALSE
character-
set
-server = utf8mb4
collation-server = utf8mb4_unicode_ci
init_connect=
'SET NAMES utf8mb4'
然后重啟mysqld服務即可, 其中:
character_set_client (客戶端來源數據使用的字符集)
character_set_connection (連接層字符集)
character_set_database (當前選中數據庫的默認字符集)
character_set_results (查詢結果字符集)
character_set_server (默認的內部操作字符集)
========================================
數據庫連接參數中:
characterEncoding=utf8 會被自動識別為utf8mb4，也可以不加這個參數，會自動檢測。
而autoReconnect=
true
是必須加上的。
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6) 部分參數配置查詢命令
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#查詢mysql最大連接數設置
mysql> show global variables like
'max_conn%'
;
mysql> SELECT @@MAX_CONNECTIONS AS
'Max Connections'
;
# 查看最大鏈接數
mysql> show global status like
'Max_used_connections'
;
# 查看慢查詢日志是否開啟以及日志位置
mysql> show variables like
'slow_query%'
;
# 查看慢查詢日志超時記錄時間
mysql> show variables like
'long_query_time'
;
# 查看鏈接創建以及現在正在鏈接數
mysql> show status like
'Threads%'
;
# 查看數據庫當前鏈接
mysql> show processlist;
# 查看數據庫配置
mysql> show variables like
'%quer%'
;
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***************當你發現自己的才華撐不起野心時，就請安靜下來學習吧***************