搭建環境:Intellij IDEA 2017
JDK 1.8
Tomcat 8.5
MySQL 5.7
Spring 4.x
Mybatis 3.x
這個過程確實太麻煩了,我用了兩個小時
所以建議用SpringBoot,簡單很多很多
第一步:創建項目
創建一個空項目
第二步:創建父工程
File-->New-->Module
選中Maven,不勾選Create from Archetype,直接Next
輸入組ID:通常是com.xxx.項目名
輸入ArtifactID:common-parent(父工程)
點擊Next,這時候剛才寫的-被去掉了,可以自己加上
Finish完成
接下來會跳出來一個對話框:Non Project File Protection
點擊OK
pom.xml必須要加入打包方式:pom

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>org.dreamtech.edu</groupId> <artifactId>common-parent</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <!--父工程--> <packaging>pom</packaging> </project>
由於父工程不是用來寫代碼的,把src目錄刪除了
第三步:配置IDEA的Maven
File-->Setttings
配置自己的Maven目錄和配置文件
當然,也可以采用Bundle的Maven,但是必須要修改配置文件,因為默認目錄沒有settings.xml
第四步:創建子工程
選中common-parent父工程,右鍵New-->Mudule
首先創建的是Model模塊:
具體的選項我截圖了:
點擊Next:
輸入ArtifacID:xxx-model
Next-->Next
注意要把子工程放在父工程的下面,要不然無法成功創建
點擊Finish即可
然后Maven會自動下載一些東西,我們等待它完成,最多三分鍾時間
打開子工程,我們在src-->main-->java目錄下寫Java代碼
我簡單地創建一個User:

package org.dreamtech.edu.model; public class User { private int id; private String username; private String password; public int getId() { return id; } public void setId(int id) { this.id = id; } public String getUsername() { return username; } public void setUsername(String username) { this.username = username; } public String getPassword() { return password; } public void setPassword(String password) { this.password = password; } @Override public String toString() { return "User{" + "id=" + id + ", username='" + username + '\'' + ", password='" + password + '\'' + '}'; } }
同目錄下有一個App.java文件是自動生產的,沒有什么用,刪除了就行
然后用同樣的方式創建子工程:Service層DAO層
命名方式通常是:xxx-service、xxx-dao
接下來創建Web層,需要選擇的就不是quickstart了
然后創建API層,也就是后台提供的接口:和上邊Web層一樣
第五步:具體配置
子工程已經創建完成了,下面是具體的配置
首先,model層、service層、dao層需要在pom.xml配置packging
<packaging>jar</packaging>
然后在web層和api層需要配置成war,但是已經默認配置好了,所以不需要自行配置
在父工程中配置公共的依賴:
刪除在每一個子工程中創建的依賴,找到每個pom.xml,剪切這一部分,復制到父工程的pom.xml中:

<dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>4.11</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies>
在父工程的pom.xml中可以進行版本號的配置:

<!--公共版本號管理--> <properties> <junit.version>4.11</junit.version> <spring.version>4.3.14.RELEASE</spring.version> <mybatis.version>3.4.1</mybatis.version> <mybatis-spring.version>1.3.1</mybatis-spring.version> <log4j.version>1.2.17</log4j.version> <slf4j.version>1.7.12</slf4j.version> <jstl.version>1.2</jstl.version> <taglibs.version>1.1.2</taglibs.version> <c3p0.version>0.9.5.2</c3p0.version> <mysql.version>5.1.35</mysql.version> </properties> <!--公共依賴--> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>${junit.version}</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies>
Web層的配置:
pom.xml進行SpringMVC的配置

<!--添加依賴--> <dependencies> <!--SpringMVC--> <!--aop--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <!--aspects--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <!--beans--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <!--context--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <!--core--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <!--expression--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-expression</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <!--jdbc--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <!--orm--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <!--tx--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <!--test--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <!--web--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <!--webmvc--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> </dependencies>
注意:IDEA右下角有一個提示,點擊允許Maven自動導包
配置Tomcat:
右上角啟動箭頭左邊有個下拉框,點擊編輯配置:
先導入需要運行的工程,點擊綠色加號部署
這里先部署web層的war exploded,因為api部分還沒有完成
然后配置熱更新:
然后就可以點擊綠色的開始箭頭開啟Tomcat了
如果出現了下面這種情況,說明,之前的配置全都正確了!
SpringMVC的配置文件:
說到配置文件,那么它們應該放在哪里呢?
打開web層子工程,然后在main下新建java目錄,右鍵Mark Dir As-->Sources Root
java文件夾就是我們放java源碼的地方
再新建一個目錄,resources作為存放配置文件的地方
右鍵resources,mark dir as-->resources root
如果都配置正確,目錄結構應該是下面這樣:
然后我們看看具體的SpringMVC配置文件:
寫一個最簡單的Controller(在剛才新建的java文件夾中):

package org.dreamtech.edu.web.controller; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; @Controller @RequestMapping("user") public class UserController { @RequestMapping("login") public String login(){ System.out.println("Hello"); return null; } }
配置web.xml:這里需要修改約束,自動生成的版本太低

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app version="3.0" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"> <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name> <!-- 配置SpringMVC--> <servlet> <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value> </init-param> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name> <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> </web-app>
然后配置SpringMVC:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.3.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.3.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.3.xsd"> <!-- 1.注解掃描位置--> <context:component-scan base-package="org.dreamtech.edu.web.controller"/> <!-- 2.配置映射處理和適配器--> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerMapping"/> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter"/> <!-- 3.視圖的解析器--> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"> <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/Modules/"/> <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/> </bean> </beans>
跑起來項目:
訪問http://localhost:8080/user/login.do
發現在控制台打印了hello,配置成功
其實SpringMVC的配置還沒有結束
但我們先來看DAO層的配置
DAO層的配置:
pom.xml配置
首先需要依賴model層

<dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.dreamtech.edu</groupId> <artifactId>edu-model</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> </dependency> </dependencies>
依賴Mybatis包:

<!-- 依賴mybatis --> <dependency> <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId> <version>${mybatis.version}</version> </dependency>
寫入一些簡單的代碼:
抽取Mapper:

package org.dreamtech.edu.mapper.base; public interface BaseMapper<T> { public T findById(Integer id); public T findByUUID(String uuid); public void deleteById(Integer id); public void deleteByUUID(String uuid); public void update(T t); public void insert(T t); }
繼承:

package org.dreamtech.edu.mapper; import org.dreamtech.edu.mapper.base.BaseMapper; import org.dreamtech.edu.model.User; public interface UserMapper extends BaseMapper<User> { }
UserMapper.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd" > <mapper namespace="org.dreamtech.edu.mapper.UserMapper"> <select id="findById" resultType="user" parameterType="int"> SELECT * FROM t_user WHERE id = #{id} </select> </mapper>
DAO層就先配到這里
Service層的配置:
依賴DAO層

<dependencies> <dependency> <artifactId>edu-dao</artifactId> <groupId>org.dreamtech.edu</groupId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> </dependency> </dependencies>
依賴Spring:

<!-- 添加spring依賴 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency>
Service層簡單代碼:

package org.dreamtech.edu.service.base; public interface IBaseService<T> { public T findById(Integer id); public T findByUUID(String uuid); public void deleteById(Integer id); public void deleteByUUID(String uuid); public void update(T t); public void insert(T t); }

package org.dreamtech.edu.service.base; import org.dreamtech.edu.mapper.UserMapper; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; public abstract class BaseServiceImpl<T> implements IBaseService<T> { @Autowired protected UserMapper userMapper; }

package org.dreamtech.edu.service; import org.dreamtech.edu.model.User; import org.dreamtech.edu.service.base.IBaseService; public interface IUserService extends IBaseService<User>{ public User login(String username,String password); }

package org.dreamtech.edu.service.impl; import org.dreamtech.edu.model.User; import org.dreamtech.edu.service.IUserService; import org.dreamtech.edu.service.base.BaseServiceImpl; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional; @Service @Transactional public class UserServiceImpl extends BaseServiceImpl<User> implements IUserService{ @Override public User login(String username, String password) { return null; } @Override public User findById(Integer id) { return userMapper.findById(id); } @Override public User findByUUID(String uuid) { return null; } @Override public void deleteById(Integer id) { } @Override public void deleteByUUID(String uuid) { } @Override public void update(User user) { } @Override public void insert(User user) { } }
這么多行的代碼,其實只實現了一個功能,就是根據ID查找用戶
繼續配置Web層:
添加Service依賴:

<dependency> <artifactId>edu-service</artifactId> <groupId>org.dreamtech.edu</groupId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> </dependency>
導入需要的其他依賴:

<!--MyBatis--> <dependency> <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId> <version>${mybatis-spring.version}</version> </dependency> <!--數據庫驅動--> <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> <version>${mysql.version}</version> </dependency> <!--數據連接池--> <dependency> <groupId>com.mchange</groupId> <artifactId>c3p0</artifactId> <version>${c3p0.version}</version> </dependency> <!--其他--> <dependency> <groupId>jstl</groupId> <artifactId>jstl</artifactId> <version>${jstl.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>taglibs</groupId> <artifactId>standard</artifactId> <version>${taglibs.version}</version> </dependency> <!--日志--> <dependency> <groupId>log4j</groupId> <artifactId>log4j</artifactId> <version>${log4j.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId> <version>${slf4j.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId> <version>${slf4j.version}</version> </dependency> <!--導入servlet-api/jsp--> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId> <version>3.1.0</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId> <artifactId>javax.servlet.jsp-api</artifactId> <version>2.3.1</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency>
數據庫建一張簡單的表,在后面測試:

CREATE TABLE `t_user` ( `id` int(32) NOT NULL, `username` varchar(32) NOT NULL, `password` varchar(32) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
添加其他的配置文件,放在resources文件夾
Spring配置文件:applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.3.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.3.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.3.xsd"> <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:db.properties"/> <!-- 配置數據源 --> <bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource"> <property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driver}"/> <property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.url}"/> <property name="user" value="${jdbc.username}"/> <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/> <property name="maxPoolSize" value="30"/> <property name="minPoolSize" value="2"/> </bean> <!-- 配置sessionFactory --> <bean class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean" id="sqlSessionFactoryBean"> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/> <!--配置別名--> <property name="typeAliasesPackage" value="org.dreamtech.edu.model"/> <!--配置加載映射文件 UserMapper.xml--> <property name="mapperLocations" value="classpath:org/dreamtech/edu/mapper/*Mapper.xml"/> </bean> <!-- 自動生成dao,mapper--> <bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer"> <property name="basePackage" value="org.dreamtech.edu.mapper"/> <property name="sqlSessionFactoryBeanName" value="sqlSessionFactoryBean"/> </bean> <!--自動掃描Service--> <context:component-scan base-package="org.dreamtech.edu"/> <!-- 配置事務--> <!-- 5.配置事務管理器 --> <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager"> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/> </bean> <!-- 6.開啟事務注解--> <tx:annotation-driven/> </beans>
properties:

jdbc.driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/edu
jdbc.username=root
jdbc.password=xuyiqing

# Global logging configuration
log4j.rootLogger=DEBUG, stdout
# Console output...
log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=%5p [%t] - %m%n
web.xml加入Spring配置:

<!-- 配置spring--> <context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value> </context-param> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener>
UserController:

package org.dreamtech.edu.web.controller; import org.dreamtech.edu.model.User; import org.dreamtech.edu.service.IUserService; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; @Controller @RequestMapping("user") public class UserController { @Autowired private IUserService userService; @RequestMapping("login") public String login(){ System.out.println("Hello"); return null; } @RequestMapping("find") public String find(Integer id){ User user = userService.findById(id); return null; } }
現在就可以啟動,訪問/user/login.do是沒問題的
但是如果訪問/user/find會報錯
這是因為在DAO層:UserMapper.xml在打包的時候不存在
解決:在DAO層的pom.xml的build下面配置:

<build> <resources> <resource> <directory>src/main/java</directory> <includes> <include>**/*.xml</include> </includes> </resource> </resources>
運行!
http://localhost:8080/user/find.do?id=1
不報錯,然后我們在數據庫隨便添加一條信息,在controller層輸出
到這里,其實搭建就結束了!
但是還有一步:
頁面整合:
頁面應該放在哪里呢?
放在WEB-INF目錄中:
JS、CSS、圖片等靜態資源放在WEB-INF同級下,頁面放在WEB-INF中
可以新建一個目錄,放入頁面,再把文件夾放到WEB-INF
其實之前SpringMVC就是這么配的

<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"> <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/Modules/"/> <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/> </bean>
在Controller中只需要返回JSP的名稱字符串就可以了:

@RequestMapping("login") public String login(){ System.out.println("Hello"); return "Default"; }