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Python模塊制作與發布

本文轉載自   查看原文   2019-01-14 21:20   872 

Python模塊制作與發布

如果希望自己開發的模塊，分享 給其他人，可以按照以下步驟操作

新建包名為hello，此模塊的全部功能由request.py和response.py兩個文件完成。

目錄結構：
.
|-- hello
|   |-- __init__.py
|   |-- request.py
|   `-- response.py `-- setup.py
  • request.py文件
def hello():
    print("請求調用我")
  • response.py文件
from hello.request import hello

def res():
    hello()
    print("已經響應了")

def main():  # 測試
    res()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()
  • __init__.py文件
from . import request
from . import response

注：這里使用的是Python3.x的解釋器。

1. 制作發布壓縮包步驟

1) 創建 setup.py

  • setup.py 的文件
from distutils.core import setup

# 多值的字典參數，setup是一個函數
setup(name="Hello",  # 包名
      version="1.0",  # 版本
      description="a simple example",  # 描述信息
      long_description="簡單的模塊發布例子",  # 完整描述信息
      author="onefine",  # 作者
      author_email="188302531@qq.com",  # 作者郵箱
      url="www.onefine.top",  # 主頁
      py_modules=["hello.request",
                  "hello.response"])  # 記錄包中包中包含的所有模塊

有關字典參數的詳細信息，可以參閱官方網站：https://docs.python.org/2/distutils/apiref.html

2) 構建模塊

構建模塊命令如下
$ python3 setup.py build
如果出現下面情況
onefine@onefine-virtual-machine:~/PycharmProjects/Distutils$ python3 setup.py build
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "setup.py", line 1, in <module>
    from distutils.core import setup
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'distutils.core'

因為ubuntu-18.10 默認沒有安裝 pip ，需要安裝 python3-pip

onefine@onefine-virtual-machine:~/PycharmProjects/Distutils$ sudo apt-get install python3-pip
[sudo] onefine 的密碼：

輸入密碼，耐心等待安裝之后重新構建模塊：

onefine@onefine-virtual-machine:~/PycharmProjects/Distutils$ python3 setup.py build
running build
running build_py
creating build
creating build/lib
creating build/lib/hello
copying hello/__init__.py -> build/lib/hello
copying hello/request.py -> build/lib/hello
copying hello/response.py -> build/lib/hello
onefine@onefine-virtual-machine:~/PycharmProjects/Distutils$
同樣，若出現下面情況，請安裝ipython3
onefine@onefine-virtual-machine:/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages$ ipython3

Command 'ipython3' not found, but can be installed with:

sudo apt install ipython3

onefine@onefine-virtual-machine:/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages$ sudo apt install ipython3

3) 生成發布壓縮包

生成發布壓縮包命令如下
$ python3 setup.py sdist
執行如下
onefine@onefine-virtual-machine:~/PycharmProjects/Distutils$ python3 setup.py sdist
running sdist
running check
warning: sdist: manifest template 'MANIFEST.in' does not exist (using default file list)

warning: sdist: standard file not found: should have one of README, README.txt

writing manifest file 'MANIFEST'
creating Hello-1.0
creating Hello-1.0/hello
making hard links in Hello-1.0...
hard linking setup.py -> Hello-1.0
hard linking hello/__init__.py -> Hello-1.0/hello
hard linking hello/request.py -> Hello-1.0/hello
hard linking hello/response.py -> Hello-1.0/hello
creating dist
Creating tar archive
removing 'Hello-1.0' (and everything under it)
onefine@onefine-virtual-machine:~/PycharmProjects/Distutils$

注意：要制作哪個版本的模塊，就使用哪個版本的解釋器執行！這里使用的是Python3.x。

查看一下
onefine@onefine-virtual-machine:~/PycharmProjects/Distutils$ ls dist -a -l
總用量 12
drwxr-xr-x 2 onefine onefine 4096 1月  14 20:02 .
drwxrwxr-x 7 onefine onefine 4096 1月  14 20:02 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 onefine onefine  936 1月  14 20:02 Hello-1.0.tar.gz
onefine@onefine-virtual-machine:~/PycharmProjects/Distutils$

Hello-1.0.tar.gz就是發布的模塊，自己開發的模塊制作完成。

3. 安裝模塊

解壓
onefine@onefine-virtual-machine:~/PycharmProjects/Distutils$ ls dist/ -l
總用量 8
drwxr-xr-x 3 onefine onefine 4096 1月  14 20:02 Hello-1.0
-rw-r--r-- 1 onefine onefine  936 1月  14 20:02 Hello-1.0.tar.gz
onefine@onefine-virtual-machine:~/PycharmProjects/Distutils$ cd dist/
onefine@onefine-virtual-machine:~/PycharmProjects/Distutils/dist$ tar -zxzf Hello-1.0.tar.gz 
onefine@onefine-virtual-machine:~/PycharmProjects/Distutils/dist$ ls -l
總用量 8
drwxr-xr-x 3 onefine onefine 4096 1月  14 20:02 Hello-1.0
-rw-r--r-- 1 onefine onefine  936 1月  14 20:02 Hello-1.0.tar.gz
onefine@onefine-virtual-machine:~/PycharmProjects/Distutils/dist$ tree Hello-1.0
Hello-1.0
|-- PKG-INFO
|-- hello
|   |-- __init__.py
|   |-- request.py
|   `-- response.py `-- setup.py

1 directory, 5 files
onefine@onefine-virtual-machine:~/PycharmProjects/Distutils/dist$
安裝
onefine@onefine-virtual-machine:~/PycharmProjects/Distutils/dist$ sudo python3 /Hello-1.0/setup.py install
running install
running build
running build_py
creating build
creating build/lib
creating build/lib/hello
copying hello/__init__.py -> build/lib/hello
copying hello/request.py -> build/lib/hello
copying hello/response.py -> build/lib/hello
running install_lib
creating /usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/hello
copying build/lib/hello/request.py -> /usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/hello
copying build/lib/hello/response.py -> /usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/hello
copying build/lib/hello/__init__.py -> /usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/hello
byte-compiling /usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/hello/request.py to request.cpython-36.pyc
byte-compiling /usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/hello/response.py to response.cpython-36.pyc
byte-compiling /usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/hello/__init__.py to __init__.cpython-36.pyc
running install_egg_info
Writing /usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/Hello-1.0.egg-info
onefine@onefine-virtual-machine:~/PycharmProjects/Distutils/dist$ tree Hello-1.0
Hello-1.0
|-- PKG-INFO
|-- build [error opening dir]
|-- hello
|   |-- __init__.py
|   |-- request.py
|   `-- response.py `-- setup.py

2 directories, 5 files
onefine@onefine-virtual-machine:~/PycharmProjects/Distutils/dist$
測試
onefine@onefine-virtual-machine:/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages$ ipython3
Python 3.6.7 (default, Oct 22 2018, 11:32:17) 
Type "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.

IPython 5.5.0 -- An enhanced Interactive Python.
?         -> Introduction and overview of IPython's features. %quickref -> Quick reference. help -> Python's own help system.
object?   -> Details about 'object', use 'object??' for extra details.

In [1]: import hello

In [2]: hello.response.res()
請求調用我
已經響應了

In [3]: exit
onefine@onefine-virtual-machine:/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages$

卸載模塊
直接從安裝目錄下，把安裝模塊的 目錄 刪除就可以

onefine@onefine-virtual-machine:/$ cd /usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/
onefine@onefine-virtual-machine:/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages$ ls -a -l
總用量 16
drwxrwsr-x 3 root staff 4096 1月  14 20:53 .
drwxrwsr-x 3 root staff 4096 10月 18 06:23 ..
drwxr-sr-x 3 root staff 4096 1月  14 20:53 hello
-rw-r--r-- 1 root staff  223 1月  14 20:53 Hello-1.0.egg-info
onefine@onefine-virtual-machine:/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages$
onefine@onefine-virtual-machine:/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages$ sudo rm -r hello*
onefine@onefine-virtual-machine:/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages$ ls -a -l
總用量 12
drwxrwsr-x 2 root staff 4096 1月  14 21:12 .
drwxrwsr-x 3 root staff 4096 10月 18 06:23 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 root staff  223 1月  14 20:53 Hello-1.0.egg-info
onefine@onefine-virtual-machine:/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages$ cat Hello-1.0.egg-info 
Metadata-Version: 1.0
Name: Hello
Version: 1.0
Summary: a simple example
Home-page: www.onefine.top
Author: onefine
Author-email: 188302531@qq.com
License: UNKNOWN
Description: 簡單的模塊發布例子
Platform: UNKNOWN
onefine@onefine-virtual-machine:/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages$ sudo rm Hello-1.0.egg-info 
onefine@onefine-virtual-machine:/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages$ ls -a -l
總用量 8
drwxrwsr-x 2 root staff 4096 1月  14 21:12 .
drwxrwsr-x 3 root staff 4096 10月 18 06:23 ..
onefine@onefine-virtual-machine:/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages$
刪除成功，要不再來測試一下
onefine@onefine-virtual-machine:/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages$ ipython3
Python 3.6.7 (default, Oct 22 2018, 11:32:17) 
Type "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.

IPython 5.5.0 -- An enhanced Interactive Python.
?         -> Introduction and overview of IPython's features. %quickref -> Quick reference. help -> Python's own help system.
object?   -> Details about 'object', use 'object??' for extra details.

In [1]: import hello
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ModuleNotFoundError                       Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-1-f81fb083bdeb> in <module>()
----> 1 import hello

ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'hello'

In [2]: exit
onefine@onefine-virtual-machine:/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages$

至此，模塊安裝從入門到卸載完成。

4. 使用 pip 安裝第三方模塊

第三方模塊 通常是指由 知名的第三方團隊 開發的 並且被 程序員廣泛使用 的 Python 包 / 模塊,例如 pygame 就是一套非常成熟的 游戲開發模塊

  • pip 是一個現代的，通用的 Python 包管理工具
  • 提供了對 Python 包的查找、下載、安裝、卸載等功能
安裝和卸載命令如下：
# 將模塊安裝到 Python 2.x 環境
$ sudo pip install pygame
$ sudo pip uninstall pygame

# 將模塊安裝到 Python 3.x 環境
$ sudo pip3 install pygame
$ sudo pip3 uninstall pygame

在 Mac 下安裝 iPython

$ sudo pip install ipython

在 Linux 下安裝 iPython

$ sudo apt install ipython
$ sudo apt install ipython3


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