Django 如何處理一個請求
當用戶通過瀏覽器發送一個請求給Django網站時，Django執行過程：
1.Django首先在配置文件setting.py中找到 ：ROOT_URLCONF = 'test2.urls' 作為根模塊
2.加載模塊，執行項目包下面的urls.py 文件中的urlpatterns
3.執行應用包下面的urls.py文件中的urlpatterns
4.遍歷整個列表，通過正則表達式會找到基於view的函數或者類
5.如果沒有匹配到，則會自動調用Django的錯誤頁面
項目開發中配置url
1.在根目錄下的urls文件配置include 引入應用 stu下的urls
from django.conf.urls import url, include from django.contrib import admin urlpatterns = [ url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls), url(r'^student/',include('stu.urls')) ]
2.在應用stu\urls.py中配置
#coding=utf-8 from django.conf.urls import url import views urlpatterns=[ url(r'^hello/$',views.index_view) ]
3.在應用stu中的views.py文件中定義一個函數
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- from __future__ import unicode_literals from django.http import HttpResponse from django.shortcuts import render # Create your views here. def index_view(request): return HttpResponse('hello')
4.訪問瀏覽器：輸入127.0.0.1:8000/student/hello/
帶參數的URLConf
.位置傳參
#stu\urls.py
from django.conf.urls import url import views urlpatterns=[ url(r'^hello/(\d{4})/(\d{2})',views.index1_view) ]
#stu\views.py
def index1_view(request,num1,num2): return HttpResponse('hello_%s_%s' %(num1,num2))
.關鍵字傳參
from django.conf.urls import url
import views urlpatterns=[ url(r'^hello1/(?P<year>[0-9]{4})/(?P<month>[0-9]{2})/(?P<day>[0-9]{2})/$',views.index2_view) ]
def index2_view(request,year,month,day): return HttpResponse('hello_%s_%s_%s' %(year,month,day))
.額外傳參
from django.conf.urls import url import views urlpatterns=[ url(r'^hello2/(?P<year>[0-9]{4})/(?P<month>[0-9]{2})/(?P<day>[0-9]{2})/$', views.index3_view,{'name':'lisi'}), ]
def index3_view(request,year,month,day,name): return HttpResponse('hello_%s_%s_%s_%s' % (year, month, day,name))
逆向解析(防止硬編碼)
.模板中的超鏈接
通過127.0.0.1:8000/student/ 訪問視圖views中index_view函數 ，進入index.html文件
在index_html文件中，通過超鏈接去訪問 name='hello' 路由地址
獲取到視圖views中index4_view函數中所返回的內容
#coding=utf-8 from django.conf.urls import url import views urlpatterns=[ url(r'^$',views.index_view), #逆向 url(r'^hello4/(\d{2})', views.index4_view,name='hello') ]
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- from __future__ import unicode_literals from django.http import HttpResponse from django.shortcuts import render # Create your views here. def index_view(request): return render(request,'index.html') def index4_view(request,num): return HttpResponse('index4_view_%s' %num)
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <a href="{% url 'hello' 13%}">鏈接1</a> </body> </html>
.視圖中的重定向
通過訪問127.0.0.1:8000/student/hello5/ 獲取到index5_view 函數
執行index5_view 通過重定向 獲取訪問name ='hello' 的函數
進入index4_view 函數，通過傳入的參數 返回到頁面
urlpatterns=[ url(r'^$',views.index_view), #逆向 url(r'^hello4/(\d{2})', views.index4_view,name='hello'), url(r'^hello5/', views.index5_view) ]
def index4_view(request, num): return HttpResponse('index4_view_%s' % num) def index5_view(request): return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('hello',args=(99,)))