根據不同情況，筆者碰到過的有以下幾種情況：
1. 運行tomcat的啟動文件startup.bat，彈出黑窗口，直接閃退。
這種情況一般都是沒有配置JAVA_HOME導致的，配置jdk如果沒有使用JAVA_HOME的方式配置環境變量，就會出這種問題
2. 啟動后，停留一段時間，打印一些日志，然后窗口關閉。
這種情況一般是端口號沖突了。
由於端口號只會支持一個程序運行，如果tomcat的默認端口號被其他程序占用，就會導致沖突。解決這種問題的手段分為兩種，第一，關閉占用默認端口號的程序（不太建議），第二，修改tomcat使用的默認端口號。
關閉占用默認端口號的程序
如果選擇結束掉占用了默認端口號的程序，如何查看是哪個程序占用了端口號呢？
在cmd命令輸入netstat -aov
本地地址最右側就是已經被使用的端口號，找到默認端口號8080，記下最右側的數字（PID的值）
接着打開任務管理器，找到和PID值匹配的進程，將其關閉即可（默認情況下，任務管理器不會顯示PID，需要手動開啟PID顯示）
修改tomcat使用的默認端口號
在TomCat文件目錄下找到conf文件下的server.xml文件
修改上圖的8080即可。
3. 運行tomcat后，tomcat很快就啟動完成了，但是日志打印了一大堆嚴重。
這種情況，似乎是因為tomcat的權限不足導致的，需要提升tomcat的權限，只需要修改tomcat中的config文件夾的權限，將權限改成完全控制，如下圖（要注意，一定要修改電腦當前登錄用戶下的權限，否則沒用，在下圖中的組或用戶名中找到當前登錄的用戶。）
發一下，這種情況報的錯誤信息。
信息: Loaded APR based Apache Tomcat Native library 1.1.14.
2009-5-25 7:55:48 org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener init
信息: APR capabilities: IPv6 [false], sendfile [true], accept filters [false], random [true].
2009-5-25 7:55:50 org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11AprProtocol init
信息: Initializing Coyote HTTP/1.1 on http-8080
2009-5-25 7:55:50 org.apache.coyote.ajp.AjpAprProtocol init
信息: Initializing Coyote AJP/1.3 on ajp-8009
2009-5-25 7:55:50 org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina load
信息: Initialization processed in 3594 ms
2009-5-25 7:55:50 org.apache.naming.NamingContext lookup
警告: Unexpected exception resolving reference
java.io.IOException: Cannot rename original file to C:/Program Files/Apache Software Foundation/Tomcat 6.0/conf/tomcat-users.xml.old
at org.apache.catalina.users.MemoryUserDatabase.save(MemoryUserDatabase.java:582)
at org.apache.catalina.users.MemoryUserDatabaseFactory.getObjectInstance(MemoryUserDatabaseFactory.java:104)
at org.apache.naming.factory.ResourceFactory.getObjectInstance(ResourceFactory.java:140)
at javax.naming.spi.NamingManager.getObjectInstance(NamingManager.java:304)
at org.apache.naming.NamingContext.lookup(NamingContext.java:793)
at org.apache.naming.NamingContext.lookup(NamingContext.java:140)
at org.apache.naming.NamingContextBindingsEnumeration.nextElementInternal(NamingContextBindingsEnumeration.java:113)
at org.apache.naming.NamingContextBindingsEnumeration.next(NamingContextBindingsEnumeration.java:71)
at org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener.createMBeans(GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener.java:137)
at org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener.createMBeans(GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener.java:109)
at org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener.lifecycleEvent(GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener.java:81)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleSupport.fireLifecycleEvent(LifecycleSupport.java:117)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.start(StandardServer.java:703)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start(Catalina.java:578)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:585)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.start(Bootstrap.java:288)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main(Bootstrap.java:413)
2009-5-25 7:55:50 org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener createMBeans
嚴重: Exception processing Global JNDI Resources
javax.naming.NamingException: Cannot rename original file to C:/Program Files/Apache Software Foundation/Tomcat 6.0/conf/tomcat-users.xml.old
at org.apache.naming.NamingContext.lookup(NamingContext.java:805)
at org.apache.naming.NamingContext.lookup(NamingContext.java:140)
at org.apache.naming.NamingContextBindingsEnumeration.nextElementInternal(NamingContextBindingsEnumeration.java:113)
at org.apache.naming.NamingContextBindingsEnumeration.next(NamingContextBindingsEnumeration.java:71)
at org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener.createMBeans(GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener.java:137)
at org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener.createMBeans(GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener.java:109)
at org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener.lifecycleEvent(GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener.java:81)
at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleSupport.fireLifecycleEvent(LifecycleSupport.java:117)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.start(StandardServer.java:703)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start(Catalina.java:578)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:585)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.start(Bootstrap.java:288)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main(Bootstrap.java:413)
2009-5-25 7:55:50 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService start
信息: Starting service Catalina
2009-5-25 7:55:50 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine start
信息: Starting Servlet Engine: Apache Tomcat/6.0.18
2009-5-25 7:55:50 org.apache.naming.NamingContext lookup
警告: Unexpected exception resolving reference
java.io.IOException: Cannot rename original file to C:/Program Files/Apache Software Foundation/Tomcat 6.0/conf/tomcat-users.xml.old
at org.apache.catalina.users.MemoryUserDatabase.save(MemoryUserDatabase.java:582)
at org.apache.catalina.users.MemoryUserDatabaseFactory.getObjectInstance(MemoryUserDatabaseFactory.java:104)
at org.apache.naming.factory.ResourceFactory.getObjectInstance(ResourceFactory.java:140)
at javax.naming.spi.NamingManager.getObjectInstance(NamingManager.java:304)
at org.apache.naming.NamingContext.lookup(NamingContext.java:793)
at org.apache.naming.NamingContext.lookup(NamingContext.java:153)
at org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm.start(UserDatabaseRealm.java:253)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.start(ContainerBase.java:1037)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.start(StandardEngine.java:443)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.start(StandardService.java:516)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.start(StandardServer.java:710)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start(Catalina.java:578)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:585)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.start(Bootstrap.java:288)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main(Bootstrap.java:413)
2009-5-25 7:55:50 org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm start
嚴重: Exception looking up UserDatabase under key UserDatabase
javax.naming.NamingException: Cannot rename original file to C:/Program Files/Apache Software Foundation/Tomcat 6.0/conf/tomcat-users.xml.old
at org.apache.naming.NamingContext.lookup(NamingContext.java:805)
at org.apache.naming.NamingContext.lookup(NamingContext.java:153)
at org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm.start(UserDatabaseRealm.java:253)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.start(ContainerBase.java:1037)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.start(StandardEngine.java:443)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.start(StandardService.java:516)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.start(StandardServer.java:710)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start(Catalina.java:578)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:585)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.start(Bootstrap.java:288)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main(Bootstrap.java:413)
2009-5-25 7:55:50 org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina start
嚴重: Catalina.start:
LifecycleException: No UserDatabase component found under key UserDatabase
at org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm.start(UserDatabaseRealm.java:261)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.start(ContainerBase.java:1037)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.start(StandardEngine.java:443)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.start(StandardService.java:516)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.start(StandardServer.java:710)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start(Catalina.java:578)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:585)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.start(Bootstrap.java:288)
at org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.main(Bootstrap.java:413)
2009-5-25 7:55:50 org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina start
信息: Server startup in 299 ms