先決條件
- 關於 Ocelot
- 針對使用 .NET 開發微服務架構或者面向服務架構提供一個統一訪問系統的組件。 參考
- 本文將使用 Ocelot 構建統一入口的 Gateway。
- 關於 IdentityServer4
- IdentityServer4 是一個 OpenID Connect 和 OAuth 2.0 框架用於 ASP.NET Core 。IdentityServer4 在你的應用程序中集成了基於令牌認證、單點登錄、API訪問控制所需的所有協議和擴展點。參考
- 本文將使用 IdentityServer4 搭建獨立認證服務器。
- 關於 Consul
- Consul 是一個服務網格解決方案,通過服務發現、配置、功能分割提供一個全功能的控制層。這些功能可以單獨使用,也可以同時使用以形成一個完整的網格服務。參考
- 本文將使用 Consul 注冊多個服務。
- 關於 .Net Core
- 將使用 WebApi 構建多個服務
構建 IdentityServer 服務
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添加 ASP.Net Core Web 項目
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添加空項目
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在程序包管理控制台中輸入:Install-Package IdentityServer4.AspNetIdentity
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添加 Config.cs 文件,並添加內容如下:
using System.Collections.Generic; using IdentityServer4.Models; using IdentityServer4.Test; namespace IdentityServer { public sealed class Config { public static IEnumerable<ApiResource> GetApiResources() { return new List<ApiResource> { new ApiResource("ServiceA", "ServiceA API"), new ApiResource("ServiceB", "ServiceB API") }; } public static IEnumerable<Client> GetClients() { return new List<Client> { new Client { ClientId = "ServiceAClient", AllowedGrantTypes = GrantTypes.ResourceOwnerPassword, ClientSecrets = { new Secret("ServiceAClient".Sha256()) }, AllowedScopes = new List<string> {"ServiceA"}, AccessTokenLifetime = 60 * 60 * 1 }, new Client { ClientId = "ServiceBClient", AllowedGrantTypes = GrantTypes.ResourceOwnerPassword, ClientSecrets = { new Secret("ServiceBClient".Sha256()) }, AllowedScopes = new List<string> {"ServiceB"}, AccessTokenLifetime = 60 * 60 * 1 } }; } public static List<TestUser> GetUsers() { return new List<TestUser> { new TestUser { Username = "test", Password = "123456", SubjectId = "1" } }; } public static IEnumerable<IdentityResource> GetIdentityResources() { return new List<IdentityResource>(); } } }
注意:這里添加了兩個 Client ,分別為 ServiceA、ServiceB ,因此接下來將構建這兩個服務。
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刪掉StartUp.cs文件,在Program.cs中添加內容如下:
using Microsoft.AspNetCore; using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder; using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting; using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc; using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection; namespace IdentityServer { public class Program { public static void Main(string[] args) { CreateWebHostBuilder(args).Build().Run(); } public static IWebHostBuilder CreateWebHostBuilder(string[] args) { return WebHost.CreateDefaultBuilder(args).ConfigureServices(services => { services.AddMvc().SetCompatibilityVersion(CompatibilityVersion.Version_2_2); services.AddIdentityServer() .AddDeveloperSigningCredential() .AddInMemoryIdentityResources(Config.GetIdentityResources()) .AddInMemoryApiResources(Config.GetApiResources()) .AddInMemoryClients(Config.GetClients()) .AddTestUsers(Config.GetUsers()); }).Configure(app => { app.UseIdentityServer(); }); } } }
注意:AddDeveloperSigningCredential() 方法用於添加開發時使用的 Key material ,生產環境中不要使用該方法。在 .NET Core 2.2 中新建的 Web 項目文件 csproj 中包含了如下內容:
<PropertyGroup> <TargetFramework>netcoreapp2.2</TargetFramework> <AspNetCoreHostingModel>InProcess</AspNetCoreHostingModel> </PropertyGroup>
這里更改
<AspNetCoreHostingModel>InProcess</AspNetCoreHostingModel>
為或直接刪除該行,這么做的原因是當值為 InProcess 時,讀寫 tempkey.rsa 將產生權限問題。關於 AspNetCoreHostingModel 可參考 ASP.NET Core Module 。
<AspNetCoreHostingModel>OutOfProcess</AspNetCoreHostingModel>
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F5 啟動該服務,顯示如下:
在瀏覽器中輸入 http://localhost:38033/.well-known/openid-configuration ,得到以下內容
至此,一個包含兩個服務認證的認證服務搭建完畢。
構建 ServiceA、ServiceB
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添加 ASP.Net Core Web 項目,這里以 ServiceA 為例進行構建
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添加 ASP.Net Core API
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在程序包管理控制台中運行
Install-Package IdentityModel
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在 StartUp.cs 中添加內容如下:
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder; using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting; using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc; using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration; using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection; namespace ServiceA { public class Startup { public Startup(IConfiguration configuration) { Configuration = configuration; } public IConfiguration Configuration { get; } // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to add services to the container. public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services) { services.AddMvc().SetCompatibilityVersion(CompatibilityVersion.Version_2_2); services.AddAuthentication("Bearer") .AddJwtBearer("Bearer", options => { options.Authority = "http://127.0.0.1:8021"; options.RequireHttpsMetadata = false; options.Audience = "ServiceA"; }); } // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to configure the HTTP request pipeline. public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env) { if (env.IsDevelopment()) { app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage(); } app.UseAuthentication(); app.UseMvc(); } } }
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添加 SessionController 用於用戶登錄,內容如下:
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations; using System.Net.Http; using System.Threading.Tasks; using IdentityModel.Client; using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc; namespace ServiceA.Controllers { [Route("api/[controller]")] [ApiController] public class SessionController : ControllerBase { public async Task<string> Login(UserRequestModel userRequestModel) { // discover endpoints from metadata var client = new HttpClient(); DiscoveryResponse disco = await client.GetDiscoveryDocumentAsync("http://127.0.0.1:8021"); if (disco.IsError) { return "認證服務器未啟動"; } TokenResponse tokenResponse = await client.RequestPasswordTokenAsync(new PasswordTokenRequest { Address = disco.TokenEndpoint, ClientId = "ServiceAClient", ClientSecret = "ServiceAClient", UserName = userRequestModel.Name, Password = userRequestModel.Password }); return tokenResponse.IsError ? tokenResponse.Error : tokenResponse.AccessToken; } } public class UserRequestModel { [Required(ErrorMessage = "用戶名稱不可以為空")] public string Name { get; set; } [Required(ErrorMessage = "用戶密碼不可以為空")] public string Password { get; set; } } }
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添加 HealthController 用於 Consul 進行服務健康檢查,內容如下:
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc; namespace ServiceA.Controllers { [Route("api/[controller]"), ApiController] public class HealthController : ControllerBase { /// <summary> /// 健康檢查 /// </summary> /// <returns></returns> [HttpGet] public IActionResult Get() { return Ok(); } } }
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更改 ValuesController.cs 內容如下:
using System.Collections.Generic; using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization; using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc; namespace ServiceA.Controllers { [Authorize] //添加 Authorize Attribute 以使該控制器啟用認證 [Route("api/[controller]")] [ApiController] public class ValuesController : ControllerBase { // GET api/values [HttpGet] public ActionResult<IEnumerable<string>> Get() { return new[] { "value1", "value2" }; } } }
注意,以上基本完成了 ServiceA 的服務構建,但在實際應用中應做一些修改,例如:IdentityServer 地址應在 appsettings.json 中進行配置,不應把地址分散於項目中各處;認證服務啟用最好在全局啟用,以防止漏寫等等。ServiceB 的內容與 ServiceA 大致相似,因此文章中將不再展示 ServiceB 的構建過程。
Gateway 構建
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添加ASP.Net Web
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添加空項目
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打開程序包管理器控制台輸入命令:
install-package Ocelot //添加 Ocelot
install-package Ocelot.Provider.Consul // 添加 Consul 服務發現
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添加 ocelot.json 文件,內容如下
{ "ReRoutes": [ { "DownstreamPathTemplate": "/api/{everything}", "DownstreamScheme": "http", "UpstreamPathTemplate": "/ServiceA/{everything}", "UpstreamHttpMethod": [ "GET", "POST", "DELETE", "PUT" ], "ServiceName": "ServiceA", //consul 服務中 ServiceA 的名稱 "LoadBalancerOptions": { "Type": "LeastConnection" } }, { "DownstreamPathTemplate": "/api/{everything}", "DownstreamScheme": "http", "UpstreamPathTemplate": "/ServiceB/{everything}", "UpstreamHttpMethod": [ "GET", "POST", "DELETE", "PUT" ], "ServiceName": "ServiceB", //consul 服務中 ServiceB 的名稱 "LoadBalancerOptions": { "Type": "LeastConnection" } } ], "GlobalConfiguration": { "ServiceDiscoveryProvider": { // Consul 服務發現配置 "Host": "localhost", // Consul 地址 "Port": 8500, "Type": "Consul" } } }
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刪除 StartUp.cs 文件,在 Program.cs 文件中添加如下內容
using System.IO; using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting; using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration; using Ocelot.DependencyInjection; using Ocelot.Middleware; using Ocelot.Provider.Consul; namespace ApiGateway { public class Program { public static void Main(string[] args) { new WebHostBuilder() .UseKestrel() .UseContentRoot(Directory.GetCurrentDirectory()) .ConfigureAppConfiguration((hostingContext, config) => { config .SetBasePath(hostingContext.HostingEnvironment.ContentRootPath) .AddJsonFile("appsettings.json", true, true) .AddJsonFile($"appsettings.{hostingContext.HostingEnvironment.EnvironmentName}.json", true, true) .AddJsonFile("ocelot.json") .AddEnvironmentVariables(); }) .ConfigureServices(services => { services.AddOcelot().AddConsul(); }) .ConfigureLogging((hostingContext, logging) => { //add your logging }) .UseIISIntegration() .Configure(app => { app.UseOcelot().Wait(); }) .Build() .Run(); } } }
注意:打開 Gateway.csproj 文件,更改
<PropertyGroup>
<TargetFramework>netcoreapp2.2</TargetFramework>
<AspNetCoreHostingModel>InProcess</AspNetCoreHostingModel>
</PropertyGroup>
為
<PropertyGroup>
<TargetFramework>netcoreapp2.2</TargetFramework>
<AspNetCoreHostingModel>OutOfProcess</AspNetCoreHostingModel>
</PropertyGroup>
至此,一個基礎網關基本構建完成。
構建 Consul 服務
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使用 Chocoletey 安裝 Consul,
choco install consul
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新建一個文件夾以保存 Consul 服務配置
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在 consul.d 文件夾中添加配置文件,內容如下:
{ "services": [{ "ID": "ServiceA", "Name": "ServiceA", "Tags": [ "ServiceAWebApi", "Api" ], "Address": "127.0.0.1", "Port": 8010, "Check": { "HTTP": "http://127.0.0.1:8010/Api/health", "Interval": "10s" } }, { "id": "ServiceB", "name": "ServiceB", "tags": [ "ServiceBWebApi","Api" ], "Address": "127.0.0.1", "Port": 8011, "Check": [{ "HTTP": "http://127.0.0.1:8011/Api/health", "Interval": "10s" } ] } ] }
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啟動 consul 服務
consul agent -dev -config-dir=./consul.d
啟動后在瀏覽器中輸入 http://localhost:8500/ui/ 以查看Consul服務
Postman 驗證
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F5 啟動 Gateway 項目,啟動 Postman 發送請求到 ServiceA 獲取 Token。
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使用 Token 請求 ServiceA Values 接口
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當嘗試使用 ServiceA 獲取到的 Token 去獲取 ServiceB 的數據時,請求也如意料之中返回 401
總結
至此,一個由 .NET Core、IdentityServer4、Ocelot、Consul實現的基礎架構搭建完畢。源碼地址