technology stack
技術棧： 產品實現上依賴的軟件基礎組件， 包括
1、 系統
2、 中間件
3、 數據庫
4、 應用軟件
5、 開發語言
6、 框架
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solution_stack
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In computing, a solution stack or software stack is a set of software subsystems or components needed to create a complete platform such that no additional software is needed to support applications.[1] Applications are said to "run on" or "run on top of" the resulting platform.
For example, to develop a web application the architect defines the stack as the target operating system, web server, database, and programming language. Another version of a software stack is operating system, middleware, database, and applications.[2] Regularly, the components of a software stack are developed by different developers independently from one another.
Some components/subsystems of an overall system are chosen together often enough that the particular set is referred to by a name representing the whole, rather than by naming the parts. Typically, the name is an acronym representing the individual components.[3]
The term "solution stack" has, historically, occasionally included hardware components as part of a total solution, mixing both the hardware and software in layers of support.[4][5]
- MERN [18]
- MongoDB (database)
- Express.js (app controller layer)
- React.js (web app presentation)
- Node.js (web server)
https://blog.hubstaff.com/technology-stack/
A tech stack is the underlying elements of a web or mobile application. These are the frameworks, languages, and software products that everything else is built on. For example, you might have created your web application with Ruby on Rails—that’s the language and framework. That might access a database created with PostgreSQL. You’ll need to host that on a server, say, an Apache server. You’ll need Phusion Passenger to make that happen. Those are all elements of the server-side stack.
The client-side tech stack includes HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. That’s what translates your application to a readable format for the user’s browser. If you’ve created a mobile application, the stack is very small: it’s usually only a native application, created with something like Xcode or Android Studio.
stack解釋
詞典：
stack
美 [stæk]英 [stæk]
- n.堆棧；一摞；大量；許多
- v.（使）放成整齊的一疊（或一摞、一堆）
- 網絡堆疊；棧區；煙囪
1.積材,層積,堆積;〔英國〕一堆〔木材等的計量單位,=108立方英尺〕2.(麥桿等的)堆,垛;干草堆3.(賭博時的)一堆籌碼4.煙囪;一排[一群]煙囪,車船的煙突5.(圖書館的)許多書架,書庫6.槍架7.〔英國〕(突出海面的)浪蝕岩柱,海中孤峰8.〔口語〕許多,大量9.【機械工程】管組10.【無線電】選式存儲器
棧：堆疊
軟件技術為什么會有棧的概念， 與人類認識世界的一般概念對應， 總是從具體到抽象， 從底層到高層， 一個大的系統會分為若干功能層，
例如
OSI的七層架構： 物理層、鏈路層、網絡層、傳輸層、會話層、表示層
JAVAEE的三層結構： 模型層、邏輯層、表示層
微軟技術棧， 底層為基礎， 上層為應用
