本文從以下三個方面, 闡述Python如何搭建FTP服務器
一. Python搭建FTP服務器
二. FTP函數釋義
三. 查看目錄結構
四. 上傳下載程序
一. Python搭建FTP服務器
1. 搭建FTP服務器的Server端
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*- from pyftpdlib.authorizers import DummyAuthorizer from pyftpdlib.handlers import FTPHandler from pyftpdlib.servers import FTPServer # 實例化DummyAuthorizer來創建ftp用戶 authorizer = DummyAuthorizer() # 參數:用戶名,密碼,目錄,權限 authorizer.add_user('admin', '123456', r'C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\ftp', perm='elradfmwMT') # 匿名登錄 # authorizer.add_anonymous('/home/nobody') handler = FTPHandler handler.authorizer = authorizer # 參數:IP,端口,handler server = FTPServer(('0.0.0.0', 2121), handler) #設置為0.0.0.0為本機的IP地址 server.serve_forever()
2. FTP服務器的客戶端連接
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- from ftplib import FTP import time,tarfile,os #連接ftp def ftpconnect(host,port, username, password): ftp = FTP() # 打開調試級別2,顯示詳細信息 # ftp.set_debuglevel(2) ftp.connect(host, port) ftp.login(username, password) return ftp #從ftp下載文件 def downloadfile(ftp, remotepath, localpath): # 設置的緩沖區大小 bufsize = 1024 fp = open(localpath, 'wb') ftp.retrbinary('RETR ' + remotepath, fp.write, bufsize) ftp.set_debuglevel(0)# 參數為0,關閉調試模式 fp.close() #從本地上傳文件到ftp def uploadfile(ftp, remotepath, localpath): bufsize = 1024 fp = open(localpath, 'rb') ftp.storbinary('STOR ' + remotepath, fp, bufsize) ftp.set_debuglevel(0) fp.close() if __name__ == "__main__": #host,port, username, password ftp = ftpconnect("192.168.10.113", 2121,"admin", "123456") #下載文件,第一個是ftp服務器路徑下的文件,第二個是要下載到本地的路徑文件 downloadfile(ftp, "/12.mp3", r"C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\ftp\download\test.mp3") # 上傳文件,第一個是要上傳到ftp服務器路徑下的文件,第二個是本地要上傳的的路徑文件 uploadfile(ftp, '/upload/1.txt', "C:/Users/Administrator/Desktop/1.txt") # ftp.close() #關閉ftp # #調用本地播放器播放下載的視頻 # os.system('start D:\soft\kugou\KGMusic\KuGou.exe C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\ftp\test.mp3') print(ftp.getwelcome())# 打印出歡迎信息 # 獲取當前路徑 pwd_path = ftp.pwd() print("FTP當前路徑:", pwd_path) # 顯示目錄下所有目錄信息 # ftp.dir() # 設置FTP當前操作的路徑 ftp.cwd('/upload/') # 返回一個文件名列表 filename_list = ftp.nlst() print(filename_list) ftp.mkd('目錄名')# 新建遠程目錄 ftp.rmd('目錄名') # 刪除遠程目錄 ftp.delete('文件名') # 刪除遠程文件 ftp.rename('fromname', 'toname') # 將fromname修改名稱為toname # 逐行讀取ftp文本文件 file = '/upload/1.txt' # ftp.retrlines('RETR %s' % file) #與 retrlines()類似,只是這個指令處理二進制文件。回調函數 cb 用於處理每一塊(塊大小默認為 8KB)下載的數據 # ftp.retrbinary('RETR %s' % file)
二. FTP函數釋義
Python中默認安裝的ftplib模塊定義了FTP類,其中函數有限,可用來實現簡單的ftp客戶端,用於上傳或下載文件,函數列舉如下
ftp登陸連接 from ftplib import FTP #加載ftp模塊 ftp=FTP() #設置變量 ftp.set_debuglevel(2) #打開調試級別2,顯示詳細信息 ftp.connect("IP","port") #連接的ftp sever和端口 ftp.login("user","password") #連接的用戶名,密碼 print ftp.getwelcome() #打印出歡迎信息 ftp.cmd("xxx/xxx") #進入遠程目錄 bufsize=1024 #設置的緩沖區大小 filename="filename.txt" #需要下載的文件 file_handle=open(filename,"wb").write #以寫模式在本地打開文件 ftp.retrbinaly("RETR filename.txt",file_handle,bufsize) #接收服務器上文件並寫入本地文件 ftp.set_debuglevel(0) #關閉調試模式 ftp.quit() #退出ftp ftp相關命令操作 ftp.cwd(pathname) #設置FTP當前操作的路徑 ftp.dir() #顯示目錄下所有目錄信息 ftp.nlst() #獲取目錄下的文件 ftp.mkd(pathname) #新建遠程目錄 ftp.pwd() #返回當前所在位置 ftp.rmd(dirname) #刪除遠程目錄 ftp.delete(filename) #刪除遠程文件 ftp.rename(fromname, toname)#將fromname修改名稱為toname。 ftp.storbinaly("STOR filename.txt",file_handel,bufsize) #上傳目標文件 ftp.retrbinary("RETR filename.txt",file_handel,bufsize) #下載FTP文件
FTP.quit()與FTP.close()的區別
FTP.quit():發送QUIT命令給服務器並關閉掉連接。這是一個比較“緩和”的關閉連接方式,但是如果服務器對QUIT命令返回錯誤時,會拋出異常。
FTP.close():單方面的關閉掉連接,不應該用在已經關閉的連接之后,例如不應用在FTP.quit()之后。
FTP對象方法說明 login(user=’anonymous’,passwd=”, acct=”) 登錄 FTP 服務器,所有參數都是可選的 pwd() 獲得當前工作目錄 cwd(path) 把當前工作目錄設置為 path 所示的路徑 dir ([path[,…[,cb]]) 顯示 path 目錄里的內容,可選的參數 cb 是一個回調函數,會傳遞給 retrlines()方法 nlst ([path[,…]) 與 dir()類似, 但返回一個文件名列表,而不是顯示這些文件名 retrlines(cmd [, cb]) 給定 FTP命令(如“ RETR filename”),用於下載文本文件。可選的回調函數 cb 用於處理文件的每一行 retrbinary(cmd,cb[,bs=8192[, ra]]) 與 retrlines()類似,只是這個指令處理二進制文件。回調函數 cb 用於處理每一塊(塊大小默認為 8KB)下載的數據 storlines(cmd, f) 給定 FTP 命令(如“ STOR filename”),用來上傳文本文件。要給定一個文件對象 f storbinary(cmd, f,[,bs=8192]) 與 storlines()類似,只是這個指令處理二進制文件。要給定一個文件對象 f,上傳塊大小 bs 默認為 8KB rename(old, new) 把遠程文件 old 重命名為 new delete(path) 刪除位於 path 的遠程文件 mkd(directory) 創建遠程目錄 rmd(directory) 刪除遠程目錄 quit() 關閉連接並退出
三. 查看目錄結構
ftp.dir() 能顯示目錄下的文件信息,考慮到要分別對文件夾個數和文件數目進行統計,文件夾下存在文件夾和文件嵌套;將dir()后的目錄信息放入列表,對列表進行操作;進入子文件夾后進行遞歸調用操作。
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- from ftplib import FTP ftp = FTP() ftp.connect('132.121.xx.xxx', 'xx909') ftp.login('crmyun_xxx', 'wyjjjjxJ') sum1 = 0 sum2 = 0 value = 0 def search_file(start_dir): ftp.cwd(start_dir) print ftp.pwd() dir_res = [] ftp.dir('.', dir_res.append) #對當前目錄進行dir(),將結果放入列表 for i in dir_res: if i.startswith("d"): global sum1 sum1 += 1 search_file(ftp.pwd()+"/"+i.split(" ")[-1]) ftp.cwd('..') else: global sum2, value sum2 += 1 val = i.split(" ")[-1] value += ftp.size(val) if ftp.pwd().endswith('/'): # print ftp.pwd()+val+" "+str(ftp.size(val))+" B" #打印出每個文件路徑和大小 pass else: # print ftp.pwd()+"/"+val+" "+str(ftp.size(val))+" B" pass def sum_file(file_path): search_file(file_path) print "folder number is "+str(sum1)+", file number is "+str(sum2)+", Totle size is "+str(value)+" B" if __name__ == '__main__': sum_file("/apps/crmyun/crmyun_755")
展示結果:
四. 上傳下載程序
完整上傳程序
Python中默認安裝的ftplib模塊定義了FTP類,其中函數有限,可用來實現簡單的ftp客戶端,用於上傳或下載文件
# coding: utf-8 from ftplib import FTP import time import tarfile import os # !/usr/bin/python # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- from ftplib import FTP def ftpconnect(host, username, password): ftp = FTP() # ftp.set_debuglevel(2) ftp.connect(host, 21) ftp.login(username, password) return ftp #從ftp下載文件 def downloadfile(ftp, remotepath, localpath): bufsize = 1024 fp = open(localpath, 'wb') ftp.retrbinary('RETR ' + remotepath, fp.write, bufsize) ftp.set_debuglevel(0) fp.close() #從本地上傳文件到ftp def uploadfile(ftp, remotepath, localpath): bufsize = 1024 fp = open(localpath, 'rb') ftp.storbinary('STOR ' + remotepath, fp, bufsize) ftp.set_debuglevel(0) fp.close() if __name__ == "__main__": ftp = ftpconnect("113.105.139.xxx", "ftp***", "Guest***") downloadfile(ftp, "Faint.mp4", "C:/Users/Administrator/Desktop/test.mp4") #調用本地播放器播放下載的視頻 os.system('start "C:\Program Files\Windows Media Player\wmplayer.exe" "C:/Users/Administrator/Desktop/test.mp4"') uploadfile(ftp, "C:/Users/Administrator/Desktop/test.mp4", "test.mp4") ftp.quit()
server main 代碼:
# _*_ coding:utf-8 _*_ import os, sys, json, hashlib, socketserver, time base_dir = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))) sys.path.append(base_dir) from conf import userdb_set class Ftp_server(socketserver.BaseRequestHandler): user_home_dir = '' def auth(self, *args): '''驗證用戶名及密碼''' cmd_dic = args[0] username = cmd_dic["username"] password = cmd_dic["password"] f = open(userdb_set.userdb_set(), 'r') user_info = json.load(f) if username in user_info.keys(): if password == user_info[username]: self.request.send('0'.encode()) os.chdir('/home/%s' % username) self.user_home_dir = os.popen('pwd').read().strip() data = "%s login successed" % username self.loging(data) else: self.request.send('1'.encode()) data = "%s login failed" % username self.loging(data) f.close else: self.request.send('1'.encode()) data = "%s login failed" % username self.loging(data) f.close ########################################## def get(self, *args): '''給客戶端傳輸文件''' request_code = { '0': 'file is ready to get', '1': 'file not found!' } cmd_dic = args[0] self.loging(json.dumps(cmd_dic)) filename = cmd_dic["filename"] if os.path.isfile(filename): self.request.send('0'.encode('utf-8')) # 確認文件存在 self.request.recv(1024) self.request.send(str(os.stat(filename).st_size).encode('utf-8')) self.request.recv(1024) m = hashlib.md5() f = open(filename, 'rb') for line in f: m.update(line) self.request.send(line) self.request.send(m.hexdigest().encode('utf-8')) print('From server:Md5 value has been sended!') f.close() else: self.request.send('1'.encode('utf-8')) ########################################### def cd(self, *args): '''執行cd命令''' user_current_dir = os.popen('pwd').read().strip() cmd_dic = args[0] self.loging(json.dumps(cmd_dic)) path = cmd_dic['path'] if path.startswith('/'): if self.user_home_dir in path: os.chdir(path) new_dir = os.popen('pwd').read() user_current_dir = new_dir self.request.send('Change dir successfully!'.encode("utf-8")) data = 'Change dir successfully!' self.loging(data) elif os.path.exists(path): self.request.send('Permission Denied!'.encode("utf-8")) data = 'Permission Denied!' self.loging(data) else: self.request.send('Directory not found!'.encode("utf-8")) data = 'Directory not found!' self.loging(data) elif os.path.exists(path): os.chdir(path) new_dir = os.popen('pwd').read().strip() if self.user_home_dir in new_dir: self.request.send('Change dir successfully!'.encode("utf-8")) user_current_dir = new_dir data = 'Change dir successfully!' self.loging(data) else: os.chdir(user_current_dir) self.request.send('Permission Denied!'.encode("utf-8")) data = 'Permission Denied!' self.loging(data) else: self.request.send('Directory not found!'.encode("utf-8")) data = 'Directory not found!' self.loging(data) ########################################### def rm(self, *args): request_code = { '0': 'file exist,and Please confirm whether to rm', '1': 'file not found!' } cmd_dic = args[0] self.loging(json.dumps(cmd_dic)) filename = cmd_dic['filename'] if os.path.exists(filename): self.request.send('0'.encode("utf-8")) # 確認文件存在 client_response = self.request.recv(1024).decode() if client_response == '0': os.popen('rm -rf %s' % filename) self.request.send(('File %s has been deleted!' % filename).encode("utf-8")) self.loging('File %s has been deleted!' % filename) else: self.request.send(('File %s not deleted!' % filename).encode("utf-8")) self.loging('File %s not deleted!' % filename) else: self.request.send('1'.encode("utf-8")) ######################################## def pwd(self, *args): '''執行pwd命令''' cmd_dic = args[0] self.loging(json.dumps(cmd_dic)) server_response = os.popen('pwd').read().strip().encode("utf-8") self.request.send(server_response) ############################################# def ls(self, *args): '''執行ls命名''' cmd_dic = args[0] self.loging(json.dumps(cmd_dic)) path = cmd_dic['path'] cmd = 'ls -l %s' % path server_response = os.popen(cmd).read().encode("utf-8") self.request.send(server_response) ############################################ def put(self, *args): '''接收客戶端文件''' cmd_dic = args[0] self.loging(json.dumps(cmd_dic)) filename = cmd_dic["filename"] filesize = cmd_dic["size"] if os.path.isfile(filename): f = open(filename + '.new', 'wb') else: f = open(filename, 'wb') request_code = { '200': 'Ready to recceive data!', '210': 'Not ready to received data!' } self.request.send('200'.encode()) receive_size = 0 while True: if receive_size < filesize: data = self.request.recv(1024) f.write(data) receive_size += len(data) else: data = "File %s has been uploaded successfully!" % filename self.loging(data) print(data) break ################################################ def mkdir(self, *args): request_code = { '0': 'Directory has been made!', '1': 'Directory is aleady exist!' } cmd_dic = args[0] self.loging(json.dumps(cmd_dic)) dir_name = cmd_dic['dir_name'] if os.path.exists(dir_name): self.request.send('1'.encode("utf-8")) else: os.popen('mkdir %s' % dir_name) self.request.send('0'.encode("utf-8")) ############################################# def loging(self, data): '''日志記錄''' localtime = time.asctime(time.localtime(time.time())) log_file = '/root/ftp/ftpserver/log/server.log' with open(log_file, 'a', encoding='utf-8') as f: f.write('%s-->' % localtime + data + '\n') ############################################## def handle(self): # print("您本次訪問使用的IP為:%s" %self.client_address[0]) # localtime = time.asctime( time.localtime(time.time())) # print(localtime) while True: try: self.data = self.request.recv(1024).decode() # # print(self.data) cmd_dic = json.loads(self.data) action = cmd_dic["action"] # print("用戶請求%s"%action) if hasattr(self, action): func = getattr(self, action) func(cmd_dic) except Exception as e: self.loging(str(e)) break def run(): HOST, PORT = '0.0.0.0', 6969 print("The server is started,and listenning at port 6969") server = socketserver.ThreadingTCPServer((HOST, PORT), Ftp_server) server.serve_forever() if __name__ == '__main__': run()
設置用戶口令代碼:
#_*_ coding:utf-8 _*_ import os,json,hashlib,sys base_dir = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))) userdb_file = base_dir+"\data\\userdb" # print(userdb_file) def userdb_set(): if os.path.isfile(userdb_file): # print(userdb_file) return userdb_file else: print('請先為您的服務器創建用戶!') user_data = {} dict={} Exit_flags = True while Exit_flags: username = input("Please input username:") if username != 'exit': password = input("Please input passwod:") if password != 'exit': user_data.update({username:password}) m = hashlib.md5() # m.update('hello') # print(m.hexdigest()) for i in user_data: # print(i,user_data[i]) m.update(user_data[i].encode()) dict.update({i:m.hexdigest()}) else: break else: break f = open(userdb_file,'w') json.dump(dict,f) f.close() return userdb_file
參考文章:
python的ftplib包介紹:https://docs.python.org/3/library/ftplib.html
https://blog.csdn.net/xc_zhou/article/details/81021414
https://www.jb51.net/article/142388.htm
https://www.jb51.net/article/109429.htm
https://www.cnblogs.com/hltswd/p/6228992.html