轉自:http://blog.csdn.net/whatday/article/details/38093091
Http訪問有兩種方式,GET和POST,就編程來說GET方式相對簡單點,它不用向服務器提交數據,在這個例程中我使用POST方式,提交數據value1與value2,並從服務器得到他們的和(value1 + value2)。
為實現Http訪問,微軟提供了二套API:WinINet, WinHTTP。WinHTTP比WinINet更加安全和健壯,可以這么認為WinHTTP是WinINet的升級版本。這兩套API包含了很多相似的函數與宏定義,呵呵,詳細對比請查閱msdn中的文章“Porting WinINet Applications to WinHTTP”,在線MSDN連接:http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa384068.aspx。在這個例程中,通過一個宏的設置來決定是使用WinHttp還是WinINet。代碼如下:
#define USE_WINHTTP //Comment this line to user wininet.
下面來說說實現Http訪問的流程(兩套API都一樣的流程):
1, 首先我們打開一個Session獲得一個HINTERNET session句柄;
2, 然后我們使用這個session句柄與服務器連接得到一個HINTERNET connect句柄;
3, 然后我們使用這個connect句柄來打開Http 請求得到一個HINTERNET request句柄;
4, 這時我們就可以使用這個request句柄來發送數據與讀取從服務器返回的數據;
5, 最后依次關閉request,connect,session句柄。
在這個例程中以上各個流程都進行了簡單封裝,以便對比兩套API函數的些許差異。下面讓源代碼說話,原工程是一個windows控制台工程,你可以很容易通過拷貝代碼重建工程。
另:如果你從服務器得到的返回數據是utf8格式的文本數據,你將需要對返回的數據進行轉換才能正確顯示中文,日文等。僅供參考,轉換為ATL CStringW的函數見下:
CStringW GetStringWFromUtf8(
const
std::string
&
str)
{
int len = MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, str.c_str(), int(str.length()), 0, 0);
CStringW buf;
WCHAR* dd = buf.GetBuffer(len);
len = MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, str.c_str(), int(str.length()), dd, len);
buf.ReleaseBuffer(len);
return buf;
}
完整代碼如下:
//
HttpPost.cpp written by l_zhaohui@163.com2
//
2007/11/30
3
#include
"
stdafx.h
"
4
#include
<
windows.h
>
5
#include
<
stdio.h
>
6
#include
<
stdlib.h
>
7

8
#define _ATL_CSTRING_EXPLICIT_CONSTRUCTORS9
#include
<
atlbase.h
>
10
#include
<
atlstr.h
>
11

12
#define USE_WINHTTP
//
Comment this line to user wininet.
13
#ifdef USE_WINHTTP14
#include
<
winhttp.h
>
15
#pragma comment(lib,
"
winhttp.lib
"
)16
#
else
17
#include
<
wininet.h
>
18
#pragma comment(lib,
"
wininet.lib
"
)19
#endif20
#define BUF_SIZE (
1024
)21

22
//
CrackedUrl
23
class
CrackedUrl
{24
int m_scheme;25
CStringW m_host;26
int m_port;27
CStringW m_path;28
public:29
CrackedUrl(LPCWSTR url)30
{31
URL_COMPONENTS uc = { 0};32
uc.dwStructSize = sizeof(uc);33

34
const DWORD BUF_LEN = 256;35

36
WCHAR host[BUF_LEN];37
uc.lpszHostName = host;38
uc.dwHostNameLength = BUF_LEN;39

40
WCHAR path[BUF_LEN];41
uc.lpszUrlPath = path;42
uc.dwUrlPathLength = BUF_LEN;43

44
WCHAR extra[BUF_LEN];45
uc.lpszExtraInfo = extra;46
uc.dwExtraInfoLength = BUF_LEN;47

48
#ifdef USE_WINHTTP49
if (!WinHttpCrackUrl(url, 0, ICU_ESCAPE, &uc)) {50
printf("Error:WinHttpCrackUrl failed!\n");51
}52

53
#else54
if (!InternetCrackUrl(url, 0, ICU_ESCAPE, &uc)) {55
printf("Error:InternetCrackUrl failed!\n");56
}57
#endif58
m_scheme = uc.nScheme;59
m_host = host;60
m_port = uc.nPort;61
m_path = path;62
}63

64
int GetScheme() const65
{66
return m_scheme;67
}68

69
LPCWSTR GetHostName() const70
{71
return m_host;72
}73

74
int GetPort() const75
{76
return m_port;77
}78

79
LPCWSTR GetPath() const80
{81
return m_path;82
}83

84
static CStringA UrlEncode(const char* p)85
{86
if (p == 0) {87
return CStringA();88
}89

90
CStringA buf;91

92
for (;;) {93
int ch = (BYTE) (*(p++));94
if (ch == '\0') {95
break;96
}97

98
if (isalnum(ch) || ch == '_' || ch == '-' || ch == '.') {99
buf += (char)ch;100
}101
else if (ch == ' ') {102
buf += '+';103
}104
else {105
char c[16];106
wsprintfA(c, "%%%02X", ch);107
buf += c;108
}109
}110

111
return buf;112
}113
}
;114

115
//
CrackedUrl
116
HINTERNET OpenSession(LPCWSTR userAgent
=
0
)117
{118
#ifdef USE_WINHTTP119
return WinHttpOpen(userAgent, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);;120
#else121
return InternetOpen(userAgent, INTERNET_OPEN_TYPE_PRECONFIG, NULL, NULL, 0);122
#endif123
}
124

125
HINTERNET Connect(HINTERNET hSession, LPCWSTR serverAddr,
int
portNo)126
{127
#ifdef USE_WINHTTP128
return WinHttpConnect(hSession, serverAddr, (INTERNET_PORT) portNo, 0);129
#else130
return InternetConnect(hSession, serverAddr, portNo, NULL, NULL, INTERNET_SERVICE_HTTP, 0, 0);131
#endif132
}
133

134
HINTERNET OpenRequest(HINTERNET hConnect, LPCWSTR verb, LPCWSTR objectName,
int
scheme)135
{136
DWORD flags = 0;137
#ifdef USE_WINHTTP138
if (scheme == INTERNET_SCHEME_HTTPS) {139
flags |= WINHTTP_FLAG_SECURE;140
}141

142
return WinHttpOpenRequest(hConnect, verb, objectName, NULL, NULL, NULL, flags);143

144
#else145
if (scheme == INTERNET_SCHEME_HTTPS) {146
flags |= INTERNET_FLAG_SECURE;147
}148

149
return HttpOpenRequest(hConnect, verb, objectName, NULL, NULL, NULL, flags, 0);150
#endif151
}
152

153
BOOL AddRequestHeaders(HINTERNET hRequest, LPCWSTR header)154
{155
SIZE_T len = lstrlenW(header);156
#ifdef USE_WINHTTP157
return WinHttpAddRequestHeaders(hRequest, header, DWORD(len), WINHTTP_ADDREQ_FLAG_ADD);158
#else159
return HttpAddRequestHeaders(hRequest, header, DWORD(len), HTTP_ADDREQ_FLAG_ADD);160
#endif161
}
162

163
BOOL SendRequest(HINTERNET hRequest,
const
void
*
body, DWORD size)164
{165
#ifdef USE_WINHTTP166
return WinHttpSendRequest(hRequest, 0, 0, const_cast<void*>(body), size, size, 0);167
#else168
return HttpSendRequest(hRequest, 0, 0, const_cast<void*>(body), size);169
#endif170
}
171

172
BOOL EndRequest(HINTERNET hRequest)173
{174
#ifdef USE_WINHTTP175
return WinHttpReceiveResponse(hRequest, 0);176
#else177
// if you use HttpSendRequestEx to send request then use HttpEndRequest in here!178
return TRUE;179
#endif180
}
181

182
BOOL QueryInfo(HINTERNET hRequest,
int
queryId,
char
*
szBuf, DWORD
*
pdwSize)183
{184
#ifdef USE_WINHTTP185
return WinHttpQueryHeaders(hRequest, (DWORD) queryId, 0, szBuf, pdwSize, 0);186
#else187
return HttpQueryInfo(hRequest, queryId, szBuf, pdwSize, 0);188
#endif189
}
190

191
BOOL ReadData(HINTERNET hRequest,
void
*
buffer, DWORD length, DWORD
*
cbRead)192
{193
#ifdef USE_WINHTTP194
return WinHttpReadData(hRequest, buffer, length, cbRead);195
#else196
return InternetReadFile(hRequest, buffer, length, cbRead);197
#endif198
}
199

200
void
CloseInternetHandle(HINTERNET hInternet)201
{202
if (hInternet)203
{204
#ifdef USE_WINHTTP205
WinHttpCloseHandle(hInternet);206
#else207
InternetCloseHandle(hInternet);208
#endif209
}210
}
211

212
int
_tmain(
int
argc, _TCHAR
*
argv[])213
{214
HINTERNET hSession = 0;215
HINTERNET hConnect = 0;216
HINTERNET hRequest = 0;217
CStringW strHeader(L"Content-type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded\r\n");218

219
// Test data220
CrackedUrl crackedUrl(L"http://www.easy-creator.net/test2/add.asp");221
CStringA strPostData("value1=10&value2=14");222

223
// Open session.224
hSession = OpenSession(L"HttpPost by l_zhaohui@163.com");225
if (hSession == NULL) {226
printf("Error:Open session!\n");227
return -1;228
}229

230
// Connect.231
hConnect = Connect(hSession, crackedUrl.GetHostName(), crackedUrl.GetPort());232
if (hConnect == NULL) {233
printf("Error:Connect failed!\n");234
return -1;235
}236

237
// Open request.238
hRequest = OpenRequest(hConnect, L"POST", crackedUrl.GetPath(), crackedUrl.GetScheme());239
if (hRequest == NULL) {240
printf("Error:OpenRequest failed!\n");241
return -1;242
}243

244
// Add request header.245
if (!AddRequestHeaders(hRequest, strHeader)) {246
printf("Error:AddRequestHeaders failed!\n");247
return -1;248
}249

250
// Send post data.251
if (!SendRequest(hRequest, (const char*)strPostData, strPostData.GetLength())) {252
printf("Error:SendRequest failed!\n");253
return -1;254
}255

256
// End request257
if (!EndRequest(hRequest)) {258
printf("Error:EndRequest failed!\n");259
return -1;260
}261

262
char szBuf[BUF_SIZE];263
DWORD dwSize = 0;264
szBuf[0] = 0;265

266
// Query header info.267
#ifdef USE_WINHTTP268
int contextLengthId = WINHTTP_QUERY_CONTENT_LENGTH;269
int statusCodeId = WINHTTP_QUERY_STATUS_CODE;270
int statusTextId = WINHTTP_QUERY_STATUS_TEXT;271
#else272
int contextLengthId = HTTP_QUERY_CONTENT_LENGTH;273
int statusCodeId = HTTP_QUERY_STATUS_CODE;274
int statusTextId = HTTP_QUERY_STATUS_TEXT;275
#endif276
dwSize = BUF_SIZE;277
if (QueryInfo(hRequest, contextLengthId, szBuf, &dwSize)) {278
szBuf[dwSize] = 0;279
printf("Content length:[%s]\n", szBuf);280
}281

282
dwSize = BUF_SIZE;283
if (QueryInfo(hRequest, statusCodeId, szBuf, &dwSize)) {284
szBuf[dwSize] = 0;285
printf("Status code:[%s]\n", szBuf);286
}287

288
dwSize = BUF_SIZE;289
if (QueryInfo(hRequest, statusTextId, szBuf, &dwSize)) {290
szBuf[dwSize] = 0;291
printf("Status text:[%s]\n", szBuf);292
}293

294
// read data.295
for (;;) {296
dwSize = BUF_SIZE;297
if (ReadData(hRequest, szBuf, dwSize, &dwSize) == FALSE) {298
break;299
}300

301
if (dwSize <= 0) {302
break;303
}304

305
szBuf[dwSize] = 0;306
printf("%s\n", szBuf); //Output value = value1 + value2307
}308

309
CloseInternetHandle(hRequest);310
CloseInternetHandle(hConnect);311
CloseInternetHandle(hSession);312

313
return 0;314
}
315
