先來一個例子:一列轉多行,直接出查詢SQL步驟。
(PS:一行轉多列就不寫了,listagg,wm_concat等可以簡單實現)
(1)
SELECT 'AG,YH,PO,LS,GJ' A1, '1' A2 FROM DUAL
UNION ALL
SELECT 'A1G,Y1H,P1O,L1S,G1J,G3G' A1, '2' A2 FROM DUAL
;
查詢結果:
(2)
SELECT A2,
',' || A1 || ',' A1,
LENGTH(A1 || ',') - NVL(LENGTH(REPLACE(A1 || ',', ',')), 0) A3
FROM (SELECT 'AG,YH,PO,LS,GJ' A1, '1' A2
FROM DUAL
UNION ALL
SELECT 'A1G,Y1H,P1O,L1S,G1J,G3G' A1, '2' A2 FROM DUAL)
;
查詢結果:
(3)
WITH TEMP0 AS
(SELECT LEVEL LV FROM DUAL CONNECT BY LEVEL <= 100)
SELECT A2,
SUBSTR(A1,
INSTR(A1, ',', 1, LV) + 1,
INSTR(A1, ',', 1, LV + 1) - INSTR(A1, ',', 1, LV) - 1) A1
FROM (SELECT A2,
',' || A1 || ',' A1,
LENGTH(A1 || ',') - NVL(LENGTH(REPLACE(A1 || ',', ',')), 0) A3
FROM (SELECT 'AG,YH,PO,LS,GJ' A1, '1' A2
FROM DUAL
UNION ALL
SELECT 'A1G,Y1H,P1O,L1S,G1J,G3G' A1, '2' A2 FROM DUAL)) B
JOIN TEMP0 C
ON C.LV <= B.A3
ORDER BY 1
;
查詢結果:
with as語法
–針對一個別名
with tmp as (select * from tb_name)
–針對多個別名
with
tmp as (select * from tb_name),
tmp2 as (select * from tb_name2),
tmp3 as (select * from tb_name3),
--相當於建了個e臨時表
with e as (select * from scott.emp e where e.empno=7499)
select * from e;
--相當於建了e、d臨時表
with
e as (select * from scott.emp),
d as (select * from scott.dept)
select * from e, d where e.deptno = d.deptno;
其實就是把一大堆重復用到的sql語句放在with as里面,取一個別名,后面的查詢就可以用它,這樣對於大批量的sql語句起到一個優化的作用,而且清楚明了。
向一張表插入數據的with as用法
insert into table2
with
s1 as (select rownum c1 from dual connect by rownum <= 10),
s2 as (select rownum c2 from dual connect by rownum <= 10)
select a.c1, b.c2 from s1 a, s2 b where...;
select s1.sid, s2.sid from s1 ,s2需要有關聯條件,不然結果會是笛卡爾積。
with as 相當於虛擬視圖。
with as短語,也叫做子查詢部分(subquery factoring),可以讓你做很多事情,定義一個sql片斷,該sql片斷會被整個sql語句所用到。有的時候,是為了讓sql
語句的可讀性更高些,也有可能是在union all的不同部分,作為提供數據的部分。
特別對於union all比較有用。因為union all的每個部分可能相同,但是如果每個部分都去執行一遍的話,則成本太高,所以可以使用with as短語,則只要執行
一遍即可。如果with as短語所定義的表名被調用兩次以上,則優化器會自動將with as短語所獲取的數據放入一個temp表里,如果只是被調用一次,則不會。而提
示materialize則是強制將with as短語里的數據放入一個全局臨時表里。很多查詢通過這種方法都可以提高速度。
with
sql1 as (select to_char(a) s_name from test_tempa),
sql2 as (select to_char(b) s_name from test_tempb where not exists (select s_name from sql1 where rownum=1))
select * from sql1
union all
select * from sql2
union all
select 'no records' from dual
where not exists (select s_name from sql1 where rownum=1)
and not exists (select s_name from sql2 where rownum=1);
with as優點
增加了sql的易讀性,如果構造了多個子查詢,結構會更清晰;更重要的是:“一次分析,多次使用”,這也是為什么會提供性能的地方,達到了“少讀”的目標