前言
在學習Gitlab的環境搭建之前,首先需要了解Git,Gitlab,GitHub他們三者之間的關系
Git 它是一個源代碼版本控制系統,可讓您在本地跟蹤更改並從遠程資源推送或提取更改。
GitHub 是一項公開可用的免費服務,它要求所有代碼(除非您有付費帳戶)公開。 任何人都可以看到您推送給GitHub的代碼並提供改進建議。
GitLab是一種類似github的服務,組織可以使用它來提供git存儲庫的內部管理。 它是一個自我托管的Git-repository管理系統,可以保持用戶代碼的私密性,並且可以輕松地部署代碼的更改。
簡單來說,github是全世界最大的開源的gay友平台,適合免費公開的代碼。gitlab是搭建本公司的代碼管理平台,適合私有的平台代碼管理。
因為本公司的代碼不想被其它人看到,這就需要搭建一個本公司的gitlab平台,供公司內部人員使用。
環境准備:
centos 7
gitlab 10
安裝依賴包
GitLab 10.x之后添加多了一些依賴,並且要啟動sshd服務,所以我們先添加依賴,啟動sshd,為防火牆添加服務
sudo yum install -y curl policycoreutils-python openssh-server openssh-clients
sudo systemctl enable sshd
sudo systemctl start sshd
# 防火牆這2步可以不用管
# sudo firewall-cmd –permanent –add-service=http
# sudo systemctl reload firewalld
postfix的產生是為了替代傳統的sendmail.相較於sendmail,postfix在速度。性能和穩定性上都更勝一籌。
如今眼下許多的主流郵件服務事實上都在採用postfix. 當我們須要一個輕量級的的郵件server是,postfix不失為一種選擇。
- postfix想要作用的范圍是廣大的Internet用戶。試圖影響大多數的Internet上的電子郵件系統,因此它是免費的。
- postfix在性能上大約比sendmail快三倍。一部執行postfix的台式PC每天能夠收發上百萬封郵件。
- postfix是sendmail兼容的,從而使sendmail用戶能夠非常方便地遷移到postfix。Postfix支持/var[/spool]/mail、/etc/aliases、 NIS、和 ~/.forward 文件。
- postfix被設計成在重負荷之下仍然能夠正常工作。當處理的郵件數目增長時,postfix執行的進程不會跟着添加。
- postfix是由超過一打的小程序組成的,每一個程序完畢特定的功能。
gitlab配置需要用到郵件發送,所以先安裝postfix
yum -y install postfix
安裝完之后,啟動postfix
systemctl start postfix
啟動過程中如果報錯:Job for postfix.service failed because the control process exited with error code. See "systemctl status postfix.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.
解決辦法,vim打開/etc/postfix/main.cf,修改如下兩項,修改之前可以先備份下
# 修改 /etc/postfix/main.cf的設置
inet_protocols = ipv4
inet_interfaces = all
修改完成后,再次啟動,就不會報錯了,設置postfix為開機自啟動
systemctl enable postfix
查看啟動狀態,看到 Active: active (running) 就是已經正常啟動了
[root@yoyo ~]# systemctl status postfix
完整的操作如下
[root@yoyo ~]# yum -y install policycoreutils-python openssh-server openssh-clients
[root@yoyo ~]# systemctl enable sshd
[root@yoyo ~]# systemctl start sshd
[root@yoyo ~]# yum -y install postfix
[root@yoyo ~]# systemctl start postfix
Job for postfix.service failed because the control process exited with error code. See "systemctl status postfix.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.
[root@yoyo ~]# cp /etc/postfix/main.cf /etc/postfix/main.cf.bak
[root@yoyo ~]# vim /etc/postfix/main.cf
# 修改inet_protocols = ipv4 和inet_interfaces = all
[root@yoyo ~]# systemctl start postfix
[root@yoyo ~]# systemctl enable postfix
[root@yoyo ~]# systemctl status postfix
● postfix.service - Postfix Mail Transport Agent
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/postfix.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Tue 2019-01-15 15:37:28 CST; 5min ago
Process: 3171 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/postfix start (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 3167 ExecStartPre=/usr/libexec/postfix/chroot-update (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 3164 ExecStartPre=/usr/libexec/postfix/aliasesdb (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 3244 (master)
CGroup: /system.slice/postfix.service
├─3244 /usr/libexec/postfix/master -w
├─3245 pickup -l -t unix -u
└─3246 qmgr -l -t unix -u
Jan 15 15:37:27 yoyo systemd[1]: Starting Postfix Mail Transport Agent...
Jan 15 15:37:28 yoyo postfix/postfix-script[3242]: starting the Postfix mail system
Jan 15 15:37:28 yoyo postfix/master[3244]: daemon started -- version 2.10.1, configuration /etc/postfix
Jan 15 15:37:28 yoyo systemd[1]: Started Postfix Mail Transport Agent.
[root@yoyo ~]#
gitlab安裝
centos 7系統的下載地址:https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/gitlab-ce/yum/el7
找個最新版去下載gitlab-ce-11.6.3-ce.0.el7.x86_64.rpm
下載rpm包並安裝
[root@yoyo ~]# wget https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/gitlab-ce/yum/el7/gitlab-ce-10.0.0-ce.0.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@yoyo ~]# mkdir /usr/local/gitlab
[root@yoyo ~]# mv gitlab-ce-10.0.0-ce.0.el7.x86_64.rpm /usr/local/gitlab/
[root@yoyo ~]# cd /usr/local/gitlab/
[root@yoyo gitlab]# rpm -i gitlab-ce-10.0.0-ce.0.el7.x86_64.rpm
warning: gitlab-ce-11.6.3-ce.0.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID f27eab47: NOKEY
error: Failed dependencies:
policycoreutils-python is needed by gitlab-ce-10.0.0-ce.0.el7.x86_64.rpm
# 如果出現上面這個報錯就執行yum install policycoreutils-python
[root@yoyo gitlab]# yum -y install policycoreutils-python
[root@yoyo gitlab]# rpm -i gitlab-ce-11.6.3-ce.0.el7.x86_64.rpm
warning: gitlab-ce-10.0.0-ce.0.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID f27eab47: NOKEY
It looks like GitLab has not been configured yet; skipping the upgrade script.
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\____/_/\__/_____/\__,_/_.___/
Thank you for installing GitLab!
GitLab was unable to detect a valid hostname for your instance.
Please configure a URL for your GitLab instance by setting `external_url`
configuration in /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb file.
Then, you can start your GitLab instance by running the following command:
sudo gitlab-ctl reconfigure
For a comprehensive list of configuration options please see the Omnibus GitLab readme
https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/omnibus-gitlab/blob/master/README.md
安裝完成之后,會出現gitlab官方文檔地址https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/omnibus-gitlab/blob/master/README.md
配置並啟動gitlab-ce
gitlab安裝完成后,需要設置一個訪問地址(或域名),打開/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb
,將默認的external_url = 'http://git.example.com'
修改為自己的IP地址:http://xxx.xx.xxx.xx
[root@yoyo conf]# vim /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb
原來默認的external_url
## GitLab URL
##! URL on which GitLab will be reachable.
##! For more details on configuring external_url see:
##! https://docs.gitlab.com/omnibus/settings/configuration.html#configuring-the-external-url-for-gitlab
external_url 'http://git.example.com'
修改成自己定義的url地址,端口自己設置一個,別和已有的沖突了
## GitLab URL
##! URL on which GitLab will be reachable.
##! For more details on configuring external_url see:
##! https://docs.gitlab.com/omnibus/settings/configuration.html#configuring-the-external-url-for-gitlab
external_url 'http://47.104.x.x:8100'
修改完成后:wq保存退出,執行以下命令,讓配置生效
[root@yoyo conf]# gitlab-ctl reconfigure
啟動Gitlab
[root@yoyo conf]# gitlab-ctl start
[root@yoyo ~]# gitlab-ctl start
ok: run: gitaly: (pid 6638) 186s
ok: run: gitlab-monitor: (pid 6656) 186s
ok: run: gitlab-workhorse: (pid 6659) 186s
ok: run: logrotate: (pid 6703) 185s
ok: run: nginx: (pid 6709) 185s
ok: run: node-exporter: (pid 6715) 184s
ok: run: postgres-exporter: (pid 6720) 184s
ok: run: postgresql: (pid 7324) 44s
ok: run: prometheus: (pid 6752) 171s
ok: run: redis: (pid 6761) 171s
ok: run: redis-exporter: (pid 6765) 170s
ok: run: sidekiq: (pid 7299) 45s
ok: run: unicorn: (pid 7476) 18s
啟動完成后,在瀏覽器輸入http://47.104.x.x:8100
,就是gitlab的登錄首頁了,如果出現502頁面,需修改默認的8080端口
502問題
打開gitlab首頁出現502問題
出現這個問題,主要是因為8080端口被占用,之前安裝tomcat默認的是8080端口,netstat -ntpl查看端口情況
[root@yoyo ~]# netstat -ntpl
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:9100 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 6715/node_exporter
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:8080 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 801/java
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:8060 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 6709/nginx: master
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:9121 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 6765/redis_exporter
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:9090 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 6752/prometheus
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:9187 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 6720/postgres_expor
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:8100 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 6709/nginx: master
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:8101 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 7495/unicorn master
tcp6 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 1370/mysqld
殺掉8080端口即可,8080端口對應的pip是801
[root@yoyo ~]# kill -9 801
重啟下服務,刷新頁面就可以訪問了
[root@yoyo ~]# gitlab-ctl restart
為了避免8080端口沖突問題,可以修改下unicorn的默認端口,vim打開/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb配置文件
新增一項unicorn['port'] = 8101,修改后內容如下
## GitLab URL
##! URL on which GitLab will be reachable.
##! For more details on configuring external_url see:
##! https://docs.gitlab.com/omnibus/settings/configuration.html#configuring-the-external-url-for-gitlab
external_url 'http://47.104.x.x:8100'
unicorn['port'] = 8101
修改完成后:wq保存退出,執行gitlab-ctl reconfigure命令,讓配置生效,再重新啟動服務
[root@yoyo conf]# gitlab-ctl reconfigure
[root@yoyo conf]# gitlab-ctl stop
[root@yoyo conf]# gitlab-ctl start
接着在瀏覽器訪問就能看的gitlab登錄首頁了
gitlab配置查看
gitlab的配置主要是etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb下的兩個地方
external_url 'http://47.104.x.x:8100'
unicorn['port'] = 8101
查看更多配置信息可以,在/opt/gitlab/embedded/service/gitlab-rails/config/gitlab.yml查看具體的詳情
gitlab:
## Web server settings (note: host is the FQDN, do not include http://)
host: 47.104.x.x
port: 8100
https: false
相關操作
啟動服務:gitlab-ctl start
查看狀態:gitlab-ctl status
停掉服務:gitlab-ctl stop
重啟服務:gitlab-ctl restart
讓配置生效:gitlab-ctl reconfigure
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