Servlet的作用域是干嘛的?答案就是共享數據而存在的,如圖:
下面通過代碼演示來具體講解一下三大作用域
我們新建兩個類
package main.com.vae.scope; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import java.io.IOException; @WebServlet("/scope") public class ScopeServlet extends HttpServlet { @Override protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { //Servlet的三大作用域講解 //1.request Integer numInRequest=(Integer)req.getAttribute("NUM_IN_REQUEST") ; if (numInRequest == null) { req.setAttribute("NUM_IN_REQUEST",1); } else { req.setAttribute("NUM_IN_REQUEST",numInRequest+1); } //2.Session Integer numInSession=(Integer)req.getSession().getAttribute("NUM_IN_SESSION") ; if (numInSession == null) { req.getSession().setAttribute("NUM_IN_SESSION",1); } else { req.getSession().setAttribute("NUM_IN_SESSION",numInSession+1); } //3.application Integer numInApplication=(Integer) req.getServletContext().getAttribute("NUM_IN_APPLICATION"); if (numInApplication == null) { req.getServletContext().setAttribute("NUM_IN_APPLICATION",1); } else { req.getServletContext().setAttribute("NUM_IN_APPLICATION",numInApplication+1); } req.getRequestDispatcher("/result").forward(req,resp); } }
package main.com.vae.scope; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.PrintWriter; @WebServlet("/result") public class ResultServlet extends HttpServlet { @Override protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8"); PrintWriter out=resp.getWriter(); Integer numInRequest=(Integer) req.getAttribute("NUM_IN_REQUEST"); Integer numInSession=(Integer) req.getSession().getAttribute("NUM_IN_SESSION"); Integer numInApplication=(Integer) req.getServletContext().getAttribute("NUM_IN_APPLICATION"); out.println("Request="+numInRequest); out.println("Session="+numInSession); out.println("Application="+numInApplication); } }
運行,輸入/scope。這個例子很好的講解了三大作用域的本質
第一次訪問,三大作用域都是1,按F5刷新幾下
可以看到,Session和Application作用域在一直增加,我換一個火狐瀏覽器再訪問這個Servlet試試
換個火狐瀏覽器訪問了幾次,Session從0開始計算了,而Application還是接着加的,我再返回Google瀏覽器試試
Google里面的session自己又加1了,Application是右邊增加的基礎上又加的。這就表達了一個本質
Request是一次請求
Session是一個會話
Application是多次會話(Tomcat開啟到關閉)
ServletContext對象的獲取以及常用的方法
代碼如下:
package main.com.vae.scope; import javax.servlet.ServletContext; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.Enumeration; @WebServlet("/scd") public class ServletContextDemo extends HttpServlet { @Override protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { //獲取ServletContext(就是Application)對象的3種方式 //1. ServletContext app1=super.getServletContext(); //2. ServletContext app2=req.getServletContext(); //3. ServletContext app3=req.getSession().getServletContext(); //以上三種方式獲取的ServletContext對象是相等的,是同一個 //ServletContext常用的方法 //1.根據相對路徑獲取絕對路徑。在做資源下載的時候有用 String Path=super.getServletContext().getRealPath("/WEB-INF/web.html"); System.out.println(Path); //2.返回響應的上下文路徑,Tomcat7以上你不填path就是空的,Tomcat6你不填是一個 / System.out.println(req.getContextPath()); System.out.println(super.getServletContext().getContextPath()); //3.獲取全局參數 System.out.println(super.getServletContext().getInitParameter("name")); Enumeration<String> enums=super.getServletContext().getInitParameterNames(); while (enums.hasMoreElements()) { System.out.println("--->" + enums.nextElement()); } } }
瀏覽器訪問之后,輸出欄結果如下:
這里需要說一下,第一個方法沒啥講的,獲取絕對路徑。
第二個方法是這樣的,獲取當前項目的上下文路徑,就是我們Tomcat的Server.xml里面配置的,如圖:
這個path我們填的空,那就沒顯示。
第三個方法,配置全局參數,因為Servlet自己在Tomcat的web.xml里面配置的參數只能自己用,其他Servlet如果也使用了通用的參數還得自己寫。
所以寫一個全局參數比較好,全局參數在項目的WEB-INF文件夾下的web.xml里面寫,這樣寫
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app version="2.4" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd"> <!--全局的初始化參數--> <context-param> <param-name>name</param-name> <param-value>許嵩</param-value> </context-param> <context-param> <param-name>password</param-name> <param-value>514</param-value> </context-param> </web-app>
完事。