python爬蟲之反爬蟲（隨機user-agent，獲取代理ip，檢測代理ip可用性）

目錄

隨機User-Agent

獲取代理ip

檢測代理ip可用性

　　

 

 

 

 

隨機User-Agent

fake_useragent庫，偽裝請求頭

from fake_useragent import UserAgent

ua = UserAgent()
# ie瀏覽器的user agent
print(ua.ie)

# opera瀏覽器
print(ua.opera)

# chrome瀏覽器
print(ua.chrome)

# firefox瀏覽器
print(ua.firefox)

# safri瀏覽器
print(ua.safari)

# 最常用的方式
# 寫爬蟲最實用的是可以隨意變換headers，一定要有隨機性。支持隨機生成請求頭
print(ua.random)
print(ua.random)
print(ua.random)

 

 

 

 

獲取代理ip

在免費的代理網站爬取代理ip，免費代理的采集也很簡單，無非就是：訪問頁面頁面 —> 正則/xpath提取 —> 保存

代理ip網站
有代理：https://www.youdaili.net/Daili/guonei/
66代理：http://www.66ip.cn/6.html
西刺代理：https://www.xicidaili.com/
快代理：https://www.kuaidaili.com/free/

 

 

#根據網頁結果，適用正則表達式匹配
#這種方法適合翻頁的網頁

import re
import requests
import  time

def get_ip():
    url='https://www.kuaidaili.com/free/inha/'
    url_list=[url+str(i+1) for i in range(5)] #生成url列表，5代表只爬取5頁
    print(url_list)
    ip_list = []
    for i in range(len(url_list)):
        url =url_list[i]
        html = requests.get(url=url,).text
        regip = '<td.*?>(\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3})</td>.*?<td.*?>(\d{1,5})</td>'
        matcher = re.compile(regip,re.S)
        ipstr = re.findall(matcher, html)
        time.sleep(1)

        for j in ipstr:
            ip_list.append(j[0]+':'+j[1])  #ip+port
    print(ip_list)
    print('共收集到%d個代理ip' % len(ip_list))
    return ip_list
if __name__=='__main__':
    get_ip()

　　

 

 

 

 

 

 

#先獲取特定標簽
#解析

import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
def get_ip_list(obj):
    ip_text = obj.findAll('tr', {'class': 'odd'})   # 獲取帶有IP地址的表格的所有行
    ip_list = []
    for i in range(len(ip_text)):
        ip_tag = ip_text[i].findAll('td')   
        ip_port = ip_tag[1].get_text() + ':' + ip_tag[2].get_text() # 提取出IP地址和端口號
        ip_list.append(ip_port)
    print("共收集到了{}個代理IP".format(len(ip_list)))
    print(ip_list)
    return ip_list
url = 'http://www.xicidaili.com/'
headers = {
    'User-Agent': 'User-Agent:Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/62.0.3202.62 Safari/537.36'}
request = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
response =request.text
bsObj = BeautifulSoup(response, 'lxml')     # 解析獲取到的html
lists=get_ip_list(bsObj)

 

 

 

 

 

檢測代理ip可用性

第一種方法：通過返回的狀態碼判斷

import requests
import random
import re
import time



def get_ip():
    url='https://www.kuaidaili.com/free/inha/'
    url_list=[url+str(i+1) for i in range(1)]
    print(url_list)
    ip_list = []
    for i in range(len(url_list)):
        url =url_list[i]
        html = requests.get(url=url,).text
        regip = '<td.*?>(\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3})</td>.*?<td.*?>(\d{1,5})</td>'
        matcher = re.compile(regip,re.S)
        ipstr = re.findall(matcher, html)
        time.sleep(1)

        for j in ipstr:
            ip_list.append(j[0]+':'+j[1])
    print('共收集到%d個代理ip' % len(ip_list))
    print(ip_list)
    return ip_list
def valVer(proxys):
    badNum = 0
    goodNum = 0
    good=[]
    for proxy in proxys:
        try:
            proxy_host = proxy
            protocol = 'https' if 'https' in proxy_host else 'http'
            proxies = {protocol: proxy_host}
            print('現在正在測試的IP：',proxies)
            response = requests.get('http://www.baidu.com', proxies=proxies, timeout=2)
            if response.status_code != 200:
                badNum += 1
                print (proxy_host, 'bad proxy')
            else:
                goodNum += 1
                good.append(proxies)
                print (proxy_host, 'success proxy')
        except Exception as e:
            print( e)
            # print proxy_host, 'bad proxy'
            badNum += 1
            continue
    print ('success proxy num : ', goodNum)
    print( 'bad proxy num : ', badNum)
    print(good)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    ip_list=get_ip()
    valVer(ip_list)

　　

 

 

 

 

第二種方法：使用requests包來進行驗證

import requests
import random
import re
import time



def get_ip():
    url='https://www.kuaidaili.com/free/inha/'
    url_list=[url+str(i+1) for i in range(1)]
    print(url_list)
    ip_list = []
    for i in range(len(url_list)):
        url =url_list[i]
        html = requests.get(url=url,).text
        regip = '<td.*?>(\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3})</td>.*?<td.*?>(\d{1,5})</td>'
        matcher = re.compile(regip,re.S)
        ipstr = re.findall(matcher, html)
        time.sleep(1)

        for j in ipstr:
            ip_list.append(j[0]+':'+j[1])
    print(ip_list)
    print('共收集到%d個代理ip' % len(ip_list))
    return ip_list
def valVer(proxys):
    badNum = 0
    goodNum = 0
    good=[]
    for proxy in proxys:
        print("現在正在檢測ip",proxy)
        try:
            requests.get('http://wenshu.court.gov.cn/', proxies={"http":"http://"+str(proxy)}, timeout=2)
        except:
            badNum+=1
            print('connect failed')
        else:
            goodNum=1
            good.append(proxy)
            print('success')

    print ('success proxy num : ', goodNum)
    print( 'bad proxy num : ', badNum)
    print(good)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    ip_list=get_ip()
    valVer(ip_list)

 

 

 

 

第三種方法：使用telnet

import telnetlib


try:

    telnetlib.Telnet('127.0.0.1', port='80', timeout=20)

except:

    print 'connect failed'

else:
    
    print 'success'