上一篇博客主要介紹了MongoDB和它的的使用場景,這篇文章主要介紹一下如何用C#如何借助官方的Mongodb.Driver操作MongoDB
1.NuGet引入Mongodb.Dirver
安裝后項目中會新增如下dll
MongoDB.Driver.dll：顧名思義，驅動程序
MongoDB.Bson.dll：序列化、Json相關
2.初始化集合,子類需重寫集合名
#region 構造函數 /// <summary> /// 集合 /// </summary> public string _collName { get; set; } public MongoBaseRepository(string collName) { this._collName = collName; } #endregion
3..初始化鏈接和數據庫
#region 連接配置 /// <summary> /// 鏈接 /// </summary> private static readonly string conneStr = "mongodb://127.0.0.1:27017"; /// <summary> /// 數據庫 /// </summary> private static readonly string dbName = "TestDb"; #endregion #region 單例創建鏈接 private static IMongoClient _mongoclient { get; set; } private static IMongoClient CreateClient() { if (_mongoclient == null) { _mongoclient = new MongoClient(conneStr); } return _mongoclient; } #endregion #region 獲取鏈接和數據庫 private IMongoClient client = CreateClient(); public IMongoDatabase _database { get { return _mongoclient.GetDatabase(dbName); } } public IMongoDatabase GetDatabase() { return _database; } public IMongoCollection<T> GetClient<T>() where T : class, new() { return _database.GetCollection<T>(_collName); } #endregion
4.操作
Add：
#region +Add 添加一條數據 /// <summary> /// 添加一條數據 /// </summary> /// <param name="t">添加的實體</param> /// <param name="host">mongodb連接信息</param> /// <returns></returns> public int Add<T>(T t) where T : class, new() { try { var client = _database.GetCollection<T>(_collName); client.InsertOne(t); return 1; } catch (Exception ex) { return 0; } } #endregion #region +AddAsync 異步添加一條數據 /// <summary> /// 異步添加一條數據 /// </summary> /// <param name="t">添加的實體</param> /// <param name="host">mongodb連接信息</param> /// <returns></returns> public async Task<int> AddAsync<T>(T t) where T : class, new() { try { var client = _database.GetCollection<T>(_collName); await client.InsertOneAsync(t); return 1; } catch { return 0; } } #endregion #region +InsertMany 批量插入 /// <summary> /// 批量插入 /// </summary> /// <param name="host">mongodb連接信息</param> /// <param name="t">實體集合</param> /// <returns></returns> public int InsertMany<T>(List<T> t) where T : class, new() { try { var client = _database.GetCollection<T>(_collName); client.InsertMany(t); return 1; } catch (Exception ex) { return 0; } } #endregion #region +InsertManyAsync 異步批量插入 /// <summary> /// 異步批量插入 /// </summary> /// <param name="host">mongodb連接信息</param> /// <param name="t">實體集合</param> /// <returns></returns> public async Task<int> InsertManyAsync<T>(List<T> t) where T : class, new() { try { var client = _database.GetCollection<T>(_collName); await client.InsertManyAsync(t); return 1; } catch { return 0; } } #endregion
Modify:
#region +Update 修改一條數據 /// <summary> /// 修改一條數據 /// </summary> /// <param name="t">添加的實體</param> /// <param name="host">mongodb連接信息</param> /// <returns></returns> public UpdateResult Update<T>(T t, string id, bool isObjectId = true) where T : class, new() { try { var client = _database.GetCollection<T>(_collName); //修改條件 FilterDefinition<T> filter; if (isObjectId) { filter = Builders<T>.Filter.Eq("_id", new ObjectId(id)); } else { filter = Builders<T>.Filter.Eq("_id", id); } //要修改的字段 var list = new List<UpdateDefinition<T>>(); foreach (var item in t.GetType().GetProperties()) { if (item.Name.ToLower() == "id") continue; list.Add(Builders<T>.Update.Set(item.Name, item.GetValue(t))); } var updatefilter = Builders<T>.Update.Combine(list); return client.UpdateOne(filter, updatefilter); } catch (Exception ex) { throw ex; } } #endregion #region +UpdateAsync 異步修改一條數據 /// <summary> /// 異步修改一條數據 /// </summary> /// <param name="t">添加的實體</param> /// <param name="host">mongodb連接信息</param> /// <returns></returns> public async Task<UpdateResult> UpdateAsync<T>(T t, string id, bool isObjectId) where T : class, new() { try { var client = _database.GetCollection<T>(_collName); //修改條件 FilterDefinition<T> filter; if (isObjectId) { filter = Builders<T>.Filter.Eq("_id", new ObjectId(id)); } else { filter = Builders<T>.Filter.Eq("_id", id); } //要修改的字段 var list = new List<UpdateDefinition<T>>(); foreach (var item in t.GetType().GetProperties()) { if (item.Name.ToLower() == "id") continue; list.Add(Builders<T>.Update.Set(item.Name, item.GetValue(t))); } var updatefilter = Builders<T>.Update.Combine(list); return await client.UpdateOneAsync(filter, updatefilter); } catch (Exception ex) { throw ex; } } #endregion #region +UpdateManay 批量修改數據 /// <summary> /// 批量修改數據 /// </summary> /// <param name="dic">要修改的字段</param> /// <param name="host">mongodb連接信息</param> /// <param name="filter">修改條件</param> /// <returns></returns> public UpdateResult UpdateManay<T>(Dictionary<string, string> dic, FilterDefinition<T> filter) where T : class, new() { try { var client = _database.GetCollection<T>(_collName); T t = new T(); //要修改的字段 var list = new List<UpdateDefinition<T>>(); foreach (var item in t.GetType().GetProperties()) { if (!dic.ContainsKey(item.Name)) continue; var value = dic[item.Name]; list.Add(Builders<T>.Update.Set(item.Name, value)); } var updatefilter = Builders<T>.Update.Combine(list); return client.UpdateMany(filter, updatefilter); } catch (Exception ex) { throw ex; } } #endregion #region +UpdateManayAsync 異步批量修改數據 /// <summary> /// 異步批量修改數據 /// </summary> /// <param name="dic">要修改的字段</param> /// <param name="host">mongodb連接信息</param> /// <param name="filter">修改條件</param> /// <returns></returns> public async Task<UpdateResult> UpdateManayAsync<T>(Dictionary<string, string> dic, FilterDefinition<T> filter) where T : class, new() { try { var client = _database.GetCollection<T>(_collName); T t = new T(); //要修改的字段 var list = new List<UpdateDefinition<T>>(); foreach (var item in t.GetType().GetProperties()) { if (!dic.ContainsKey(item.Name)) continue; var value = dic[item.Name]; list.Add(Builders<T>.Update.Set(item.Name, value)); } var updatefilter = Builders<T>.Update.Combine(list); return await client.UpdateManyAsync(filter, updatefilter); } catch (Exception ex) { throw ex; } } #endregion
Remove:
#region Delete 刪除一條數據 /// <summary> /// 刪除一條數據 /// </summary> /// <param name="host">mongodb連接信息</param> /// <param name="id">objectId</param> /// <returns></returns> public DeleteResult Delete<T>(string id, bool isObjectId = true) where T : class, new() { try { var client = _database.GetCollection<T>(_collName); FilterDefinition<T> filter; if (isObjectId) { filter = Builders<T>.Filter.Eq("_id", new ObjectId(id)); } else { filter = Builders<T>.Filter.Eq("_id", id); } return client.DeleteOne(filter); } catch (Exception ex) { throw ex; } } #endregion #region DeleteAsync 異步刪除一條數據 /// <summary> /// 異步刪除一條數據 /// </summary> /// <param name="host">mongodb連接信息</param> /// <param name="id">objectId</param> /// <returns></returns> public async Task<DeleteResult> DeleteAsync<T>(string id, bool isObjectId = true) where T : class, new() { try { var client = _database.GetCollection<T>(_collName); //修改條件 FilterDefinition<T> filter; if (isObjectId) { filter = Builders<T>.Filter.Eq("_id", new ObjectId(id)); } else { filter = Builders<T>.Filter.Eq("_id", id); } return await client.DeleteOneAsync(filter); } catch (Exception ex) { throw ex; } } #endregion #region DeleteMany 刪除多條數據 /// <summary> /// 刪除一條數據 /// </summary> /// <param name="host">mongodb連接信息</param> /// <param name="filter">刪除的條件</param> /// <returns></returns> public DeleteResult DeleteMany<T>(FilterDefinition<T> filter) where T : class, new() { try { var client = _database.GetCollection<T>(_collName); return client.DeleteMany(filter); } catch (Exception ex) { throw ex; } } #endregion #region DeleteManyAsync 異步刪除多條數據 /// <summary> /// 異步刪除多條數據 /// </summary> /// <param name="host">mongodb連接信息</param> /// <param name="filter">刪除的條件</param> /// <returns></returns> public async Task<DeleteResult> DeleteManyAsync<T>(FilterDefinition<T> filter) where T : class, new() { try { var client = _database.GetCollection<T>(_collName); return await client.DeleteManyAsync(filter); } catch (Exception ex) { throw ex; } } #endregion
Find:
#region FindOne 根據id查詢一條數據 /// <summary> /// 根據id查詢一條數據 /// </summary> /// <param name="host">mongodb連接信息</param> /// <param name="id">objectid</param> /// <param name="field">要查詢的字段，不寫時查詢全部</param> /// <returns></returns> public T FindOne<T>(string id, bool isObjectId = true, string[] field = null) where T : class, new() { try { var client = _database.GetCollection<T>(_collName); FilterDefinition<T> filter; if (isObjectId) { filter = Builders<T>.Filter.Eq("_id", new ObjectId(id)); } else { filter = Builders<T>.Filter.Eq("_id", id); } //不指定查詢字段 if (field == null || field.Length == 0) { return client.Find(filter).FirstOrDefault<T>(); } //制定查詢字段 var fieldList = new List<ProjectionDefinition<T>>(); for (int i = 0; i < field.Length; i++) { fieldList.Add(Builders<T>.Projection.Include(field[i].ToString())); } var projection = Builders<T>.Projection.Combine(fieldList); fieldList?.Clear(); return client.Find(filter).Project<T>(projection).FirstOrDefault<T>(); } catch (Exception ex) { throw ex; } } #endregion #region FindOneAsync 異步根據id查詢一條數據 /// <summary> /// 異步根據id查詢一條數據 /// </summary> /// <param name="host">mongodb連接信息</param> /// <param name="id">objectid</param> /// <returns></returns> public async Task<T> FindOneAsync<T>(string id, bool isObjectId = true, string[] field = null) where T : class, new() { try { var client = _database.GetCollection<T>(_collName); FilterDefinition<T> filter; if (isObjectId) { filter = Builders<T>.Filter.Eq("_id", new ObjectId(id)); } else { filter = Builders<T>.Filter.Eq("_id", id); } //不指定查詢字段 if (field == null || field.Length == 0) { return await client.Find(filter).FirstOrDefaultAsync(); } //制定查詢字段 var fieldList = new List<ProjectionDefinition<T>>(); for (int i = 0; i < field.Length; i++) { fieldList.Add(Builders<T>.Projection.Include(field[i].ToString())); } var projection = Builders<T>.Projection.Combine(fieldList); fieldList?.Clear(); return await client.Find(filter).Project<T>(projection).FirstOrDefaultAsync(); } catch (Exception ex) { throw ex; } } #endregion #region FindList 查詢集合 /// <summary> /// 查詢集合 /// </summary> /// <param name="host">mongodb連接信息</param> /// <param name="filter">查詢條件</param> /// <param name="field">要查詢的字段,不寫時查詢全部</param> /// <param name="sort">要排序的字段</param> /// <returns></returns> public List<T> FindList<T>(FilterDefinition<T> filter, string[] field = null, SortDefinition<T> sort = null) where T : class, new() { try { var client = _database.GetCollection<T>(_collName); //不指定查詢字段 if (field == null || field.Length == 0) { if (sort == null) return client.Find(filter).ToList(); //進行排序 return client.Find(filter).Sort(sort).ToList(); } //制定查詢字段 var fieldList = new List<ProjectionDefinition<T>>(); for (int i = 0; i < field.Length; i++) { fieldList.Add(Builders<T>.Projection.Include(field[i].ToString())); } var projection = Builders<T>.Projection.Combine(fieldList); fieldList?.Clear(); if (sort == null) return client.Find(filter).Project<T>(projection).ToList(); //排序查詢 return client.Find(filter).Sort(sort).Project<T>(projection).ToList(); } catch (Exception ex) { throw ex; } } #endregion #region FindListAsync 異步查詢集合 /// <summary> /// 異步查詢集合 /// </summary> /// <param name="host">mongodb連接信息</param> /// <param name="filter">查詢條件</param> /// <param name="field">要查詢的字段,不寫時查詢全部</param> /// <param name="sort">要排序的字段</param> /// <returns></returns> public async Task<List<T>> FindListAsync<T>(FilterDefinition<T> filter, string[] field = null, SortDefinition<T> sort = null) where T : class, new() { try { var client = _database.GetCollection<T>(_collName); //不指定查詢字段 if (field == null || field.Length == 0) { if (sort == null) return await client.Find(filter).ToListAsync(); return await client.Find(filter).Sort(sort).ToListAsync(); } //制定查詢字段 var fieldList = new List<ProjectionDefinition<T>>(); for (int i = 0; i < field.Length; i++) { fieldList.Add(Builders<T>.Projection.Include(field[i].ToString())); } var projection = Builders<T>.Projection.Combine(fieldList); fieldList?.Clear(); if (sort == null) return await client.Find(filter).Project<T>(projection).ToListAsync(); //排序查詢 return await client.Find(filter).Sort(sort).Project<T>(projection).ToListAsync(); } catch (Exception ex) { throw ex; } } #endregion #region FindListByPage 分頁查詢集合 /// <summary> /// 分頁查詢集合 /// </summary> /// <param name="host">mongodb連接信息</param> /// <param name="filter">查詢條件</param> /// <param name="pageIndex">當前頁</param> /// <param name="pageSize">頁容量</param> /// <param name="count">總條數</param> /// <param name="field">要查詢的字段,不寫時查詢全部</param> /// <param name="sort">要排序的字段</param> /// <returns></returns> public List<T> FindListByPage<T>(FilterDefinition<T> filter, int pageIndex, int pageSize, out long count, string[] field = null, SortDefinition<T> sort = null) where T : class, new() { try { var client = _database.GetCollection<T>(_collName); count = client.CountDocuments(filter); //不指定查詢字段 if (field == null || field.Length == 0) { if (sort == null) return client.Find(filter).Skip((pageIndex - 1) * pageSize).Limit(pageSize).ToList(); //進行排序 return client.Find(filter).Sort(sort).Skip((pageIndex - 1) * pageSize).Limit(pageSize).ToList(); } //制定查詢字段 var fieldList = new List<ProjectionDefinition<T>>(); for (int i = 0; i < field.Length; i++) { fieldList.Add(Builders<T>.Projection.Include(field[i].ToString())); } var projection = Builders<T>.Projection.Combine(fieldList); fieldList?.Clear(); //不排序 if (sort == null) return client.Find(filter).Project<T>(projection).Skip((pageIndex - 1) * pageSize).Limit(pageSize).ToList(); //排序查詢 return client.Find(filter).Sort(sort).Project<T>(projection).Skip((pageIndex - 1) * pageSize).Limit(pageSize).ToList(); } catch (Exception ex) { throw ex; } } #endregion #region FindListByPageAsync 異步分頁查詢集合 /// <summary> /// 異步分頁查詢集合 /// </summary> /// <param name="host">mongodb連接信息</param> /// <param name="filter">查詢條件</param> /// <param name="pageIndex">當前頁</param> /// <param name="pageSize">頁容量</param> /// <param name="field">要查詢的字段,不寫時查詢全部</param> /// <param name="sort">要排序的字段</param> /// <returns></returns> public async Task<List<T>> FindListByPageAsync<T>(FilterDefinition<T> filter, int pageIndex, int pageSize, string[] field = null, SortDefinition<T> sort = null) where T : class, new() { try { var client = _database.GetCollection<T>(_collName); //不指定查詢字段 if (field == null || field.Length == 0) { if (sort == null) return await client.Find(filter).Skip((pageIndex - 1) * pageSize).Limit(pageSize).ToListAsync(); //進行排序 return await client.Find(filter).Sort(sort).Skip((pageIndex - 1) * pageSize).Limit(pageSize).ToListAsync(); } //制定查詢字段 var fieldList = new List<ProjectionDefinition<T>>(); for (int i = 0; i < field.Length; i++) { fieldList.Add(Builders<T>.Projection.Include(field[i].ToString())); } var projection = Builders<T>.Projection.Combine(fieldList); fieldList?.Clear(); //不排序 if (sort == null) return await client.Find(filter).Project<T>(projection).Skip((pageIndex - 1) * pageSize).Limit(pageSize).ToListAsync(); //排序查詢 return await client.Find(filter).Sort(sort).Project<T>(projection).Skip((pageIndex - 1) * pageSize).Limit(pageSize).ToListAsync(); } catch (Exception ex) { throw ex; } } #endregion
Count:
#region Count 根據條件獲取總數 /// <summary> /// 根據條件獲取總數 /// </summary> /// <param name="host">mongodb連接信息</param> /// <param name="filter">條件</param> /// <returns></returns> public long Count<T>(FilterDefinition<T> filter) where T : class, new() { try { var client = _database.GetCollection<T>(_collName); return client.CountDocuments(filter); } catch (Exception ex) { throw ex; } } #endregion #region CountAsync 異步根據條件獲取總數 /// <summary> /// 異步根據條件獲取總數 /// </summary> /// <param name="host">mongodb連接信息</param> /// <param name="filter">條件</param> /// <returns></returns> public async Task<long> CountAsync<T>( FilterDefinition<T> filter) where T : class, new() { try { var client = _database.GetCollection<T>(_collName); return await client.CountDocumentsAsync(filter); } catch (Exception ex) { throw ex; } } #endregion
查詢實例:
public async Task<IList<Messages>> MyMessage(BaseCondition condition) { //根據時間排序 var sort = Builders<Messages>.Sort.Ascending("State"); var list = new List<FilterDefinition<Messages>>(); list.Add(Builders<Messages>.Filter.Eq("ReciveCode","admin")); //>開始時間 <結束時間 if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(condition.startTime) && !string.IsNullOrEmpty(condition.endTime)) { list.Add(Builders<Messages>.Filter.Gte("CreateDate", condition.startTime)); list.Add(Builders<Messages>.Filter.Lte("CreateDate", condition.endTime)); } //Or條件 if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(condition.SerachCondition)) { var list_or = new List<FilterDefinition<Messages>>(); list_or.Add(Builders<Messages>.Filter.Regex("Title", condition.SerachCondition)); list_or.Add(Builders<Messages>.Filter.Regex("MContent", condition.SerachCondition)); list_or.Add(Builders<Messages>.Filter.Regex("SendCode", condition.SerachCondition)); list.Add(Builders<Messages>.Filter.Or(list_or)); } var filter = Builders<Messages>.Filter.And(list); var result = await base.FindListAsync<Messages>(filter, null, sort); return result; }
時間格式需要序列化,如下
5.ObjectId詳解
MongoDB中我們經常會接觸到一個自動生成的字段：”_id”，類型為ObjectId。
ObjectId構成
之前我們使用MySQL等關系型數據庫時，主鍵都是設置成自增的。但在分布式環境下，這種方法就不可行了，會產生沖突。為此，MongoDB采用了一個稱之為ObjectId的類型來做主鍵。ObjectId是一個12字節的 BSON 類型字符串。按照字節順序，一次代表：
4字節：UNIX時間戳
3字節：表示運行MongoDB的機器
2字節：表示生成此_id的進程
3字節：由一個隨機數開始的計數器生成的值
從ObjectId的構造上來看，內部就嵌入了時間類型。我們肯定可以從中獲取時間信息：即插入此文檔時的時間。MongoDB對ObjectId對象提供了getTimestamp()方法來獲取ObjectId的時間。
6.注意事項:
平均插入速率：MongoDB不指定_id插入 > MongoDB指定_id插入。
分析:
在MongoDB中，指定索引插入比不指定慢很多，這是因為，MongoDB里每一條數據的_id值都是唯一的。當在不指定_id插入數據的時候，其_id是系統自動計算生成的。MongoDB通過計算機特征值、時間、進程ID與隨機數來確保生成的_id是唯一的。而在指定_id插入時，MongoDB每插一條數據，都需要檢查此_id可不可用，當數據庫中數據條數太多的時候，這一步的查詢開銷會拖慢整個數據庫的插入速度。如果想充分利用MongoDB性能的話，推薦采取不帶”_id”的插入方式