數據泵是服務器端工具，導出的文件是放在數據庫所在的服務器上，當然我們知道可以通過directory目錄對象來控制。目錄對象默認有四個級別，當然是有優先級順序的，優先級從上往下
1.每個文件單獨的指定具體的目錄
2.expdp導出時，指定的目錄參數
3.用戶定義的環境變量DATA_PUMP_DIR指定的目錄
4.默認的目錄對象DATA_PUMP_DIR
當然了對於Oracle11g R2來說，又引入了一個可選項，我們就當是5
5.DATA_PUMP_DIR_SCHEMA_NAME目錄
create or replace directory DATA_PUMP_DIR as 'D:\app\Administrator\admin\orcl\dpdump'; 修改默認的DATA_PUMP_DIR路徑
一、默認的目錄對象DATA_PUMP_DIR測試
create or replace directory DATA_PUMP_DIR as 'D:\app\Administrator\admin\orcl\dpdump'; //改變默認DATA_PUMP_DIR位置
SQL> desc dba_directories
Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------------------------------- -------- ---------------------- OWNER NOT NULL VARCHAR2(30)
DIRECTORY_NAME NOT NULL VARCHAR2(30)
DIRECTORY_PATH VARCHAR2(4000)
SQL> set linesize 120 pagesize 100
SQL> col OWNER for a5
SQL> col DIRECTORY_NAME for a22
SQL> col DIRECTORY_PATH for a80
SQL> select * from dba_directories;
OWNER DIRECTORY_NAME DIRECTORY_PATH
----- ---------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------
SYS SUBDIR /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/demo/schema/order_entry//2002/Sep
SYS SS_OE_XMLDIR /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/demo/schema/order_entry/
SYS LOG_FILE_DIR /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/demo/schema/log/
SYS MEDIA_DIR /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/demo/schema/product_media/
SYS XMLDIR /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/rdbms/xml
SYS DATA_FILE_DIR /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/demo/schema/sales_history/
SYS DATA_PUMP_DIR /u01/app/oracle/admin/tj01/dpdump/
SYS ORACLE_OCM_CONFIG_DIR /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db/ccr/state
通過查詢我們看到，所有的目錄都屬於SYS用戶，而不管是哪個用戶創建的，在數據庫里已經提前建好了這個目錄對象DATA_PUMP_DIR。如果在使用expdp導出時，不指定目錄對象參數，Oracle會使用數據庫缺省的目錄DATA_PUMP_DIR，不過如果想使用這個目錄的話，用戶需要具有exp_full_database的權限才行
SQL> conn scott/tiger
Connected.
SQL> select * from tab;
TNAME TABTYPE CLUSTERID
------------------------------ ------- ----------
BONUS TABLE
DEPT TABLE
EMP TABLE
SALGRADE TABLE
SQL> create table demo as select empno,ename,sal,deptno from emp;
Table created.
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining
and Real Application Testing options
由於沒有exp_full_database，所以這樣的導出會報錯，你可以選擇授權或者使用有權限的用戶
[oracle@asm11g ~]$ expdp scott/tiger dumpfile=emp.dmp tables=emp
Export: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Fri Nov 16 13:48:19 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining
and Real Application Testing options
ORA-39002: invalid operation
ORA-39070: Unable to open the log file.
ORA-39145: directory object parameter must be specified and non-null
[oracle@asm11g ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Fri Nov 16 13:58:14 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining
and Real Application Testing options
SQL> grant exp_full_database to scott;
Grant succeeded.
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining
and Real Application Testing options
授權之后，導出成功，並且導出的文件和日志會到DATA_PUMP_DIR對象指定的目錄
[oracle@asm11g ~]$ expdp scott/tiger dumpfile=emp.dmp tables=emp
Export: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Fri Nov 16 13:58:52 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining
and Real Application Testing options
Starting "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01": scott/******** dumpfile=emp.dmp tables=emp
Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 64 KB
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/GRANT/OWNER_GRANT/OBJECT_GRANT
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/REF_CONSTRAINT
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS
. . exported "SCOTT"."EMP" 8.562 KB 14 rows
Master table "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
******************************************************************************
Dump file set for SCOTT.SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01 is:
/u01/app/oracle/admin/tj01/dpdump/emp.dmp
Job "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully completed at 13:59:05
對於oracle11g來說，我們還可以定義一個新的目錄對象，對象名稱是DATA_PUMP_DIR_SCHEMA_NAME,如果定義了這個目錄對象，並授予權限，在用戶導出沒有指定
具體的目錄參數的情況下，導出文件會到這個目錄
[oracle@asm11g ~]$ mkdir sdir
[oracle@asm11g ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Fri Nov 16 14:13:06 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining
and Real Application Testing options
SQL> create directory data_pump_dir_scott as '/home/oracle/sdir';
Directory created.
SQL> grant read,write on directory data_pump_dir_scott to scott;
Grant succeeded.
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining
and Real Application Testing options
[oracle@asm11g ~]$ expdp scott/tiger dumpfile=emp1.dmp tables=emp
Export: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Fri Nov 16 14:14:29 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP, Data Mining
and Real Application Testing options
Database Directory Object has defaulted to: "DATA_PUMP_DIR_SCOTT".
Starting "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01": scott/******** dumpfile=emp5.dmp tables=emp
Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 64 KB
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/GRANT/OWNER_GRANT/OBJECT_GRANT
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/REF_CONSTRAINT
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS
. . exported "SCOTT"."EMP" 8.562 KB 14 rows
Master table "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
******************************************************************************
Dump file set for SCOTT.SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01 is:
/home/oracle/sdir/emp1.dmp
Job "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully completed at 14:14:34
來自：https://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-05/83774.htm