django中實現微信消息推送

-公眾號(不能主動給用戶發消息)
　　-認證的公眾號:需要營業執照,需要交錢,可以發多篇文章
　　-未認證的公眾號:一天只能發一篇文章
-服務號(微信推送)
　　-需要申請,需要認證
　　-可以主動給用戶推送消息
　　-能給推送的人,必須關注我的服務號
　　-沙箱環境
-企業號
　　-企業里用的:
-你們所見的二維碼:其實就是一個url地址
-咱們在前端通過url(https://open.weixin.qq.com/connect/oauth2.....)生成一個二維碼
-注意*****修改:網頁授權獲取用戶基本信息

一  具體實現代碼

1.1moddls

import hashlib
from django.db import models

class UserInfo(models.Model):
    username = models.CharField("用戶名", max_length=64, unique=True)
    password = models.CharField("密碼", max_length=64)
    uid = models.CharField(verbose_name='個人唯一ID',max_length=64, unique=True)
    wx_id = models.CharField(verbose_name="微信ID", max_length=128, blank=True, null=True, db_index=True)

    def save(self, *args, **kwargs):
        # 創建用戶時，為用戶自動生成個人唯一ID
        if not self.pk:
            m = hashlib.md5()
            m.update(self.username.encode(encoding="utf-8"))
            self.uid = m.hexdigest()
        super(UserInfo, self).save(*args, **kwargs)

1.2views

import json
import functools
import requests
from django.conf import settings
from django.shortcuts import render, redirect, HttpResponse
from django.http import JsonResponse
from app01 import models
# 沙箱環境地質：https://mp.weixin.qq.com/debug/cgi-bin/sandbox?t=sandbox/login
def index(request):
    obj = models.UserInfo.objects.get(id=1)
    return render(request,'index.html',{'obj':obj})


def auth(func):
    def inner(request, *args, **kwargs):
        user_info = request.session.get('user_info')
        if not user_info:
            return redirect('/login/')
        return func(request, *args, **kwargs)

    return inner


def login(request):
    """
    用戶登錄
    :param request: 
    :return: 
    """
    # models.UserInfo.objects.create(username='luffy',password=123)

    if request.method == "POST":
        user = request.POST.get('user')
        pwd = request.POST.get('pwd')
        obj = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(username=user, password=pwd).first()
        if obj:
            request.session['user_info'] = {'id': obj.id, 'name': obj.username, 'uid': obj.uid}
            return redirect('/bind/')
    else:
        return render(request, 'login.html')


@auth
def bind(request):
    """
    用戶登錄后，關注公眾號，並綁定個人微信（用於以后消息推送）
    :param request: 
    :return: 
    """
    return render(request, 'bind.html')


@auth
def bind_qcode(request):
    """
    生成二維碼
    :param request: 
    :return: 
    """
    ret = {'code': 1000}
    try:
        access_url = "https://open.weixin.qq.com/connect/oauth2/authorize?appid={appid}&redirect_uri={redirect_uri}&response_type=code&scope=snsapi_userinfo&state={state}#wechat_redirect"
        access_url = access_url.format(
            # 商戶的appid
            appid=settings.WECHAT_CONFIG["app_id"], # 'wx6edde7a6a97e4fcd',
            # 回調地址
            redirect_uri=settings.WECHAT_CONFIG["redirect_uri"],
            # 當前登錄用戶的唯一id
            state=request.session['user_info']['uid'] # 為當前用戶生成MD5值
        )
        ret['data'] = access_url
    except Exception as e:
        ret['code'] = 1001
        ret['msg'] = str(e)

    return JsonResponse(ret)


def callback(request):
    """
    用戶在手機微信上掃碼后，微信自動調用該方法。
    用於獲取掃碼用戶的唯一ID，以后用於給他推送消息。
    :param request: 
    :return: 
    """
    code = request.GET.get("code")

    # 用戶md5值,用戶唯一id
    state = request.GET.get("state")

    # 獲取該用戶openId(用戶唯一，用於給用戶發送消息)
    # request模塊朝https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/oauth2/access_token地址發get請求
    res = requests.get(
        url="https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/oauth2/access_token",
        params={
            "appid": 'wx3e1f0883236623f9',
            "secret": '508ec4590702c76e6863be6df01ad95a',
            "code": code,
            "grant_type": 'authorization_code',
        }
    ).json()
    # res.data   是json格式
    # res=json.loads(res.data)
    # res是一個字典
    # 獲取的到openid表示用戶授權成功
    openid = res.get("openid")
    if openid:
        models.UserInfo.objects.filter(uid=state).update(wx_id=openid)
        response = "<h1>授權成功 %s </h1>" % openid
    else:
        response = "<h1>用戶掃碼之后，手機上的提示</h1>"
    return HttpResponse(response)


def sendmsg(request):
    def get_access_token():
        """
        獲取微信全局接口的憑證(默認有效期倆個小時)
        如果不每天請求次數過多, 通過設置緩存即可
        """
        result = requests.get(
            url="https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token",
            params={
                "grant_type": "client_credential",
                "appid": settings.WECHAT_CONFIG['app_id'],
                "secret": settings.WECHAT_CONFIG['appsecret'],
            }
        ).json()
        if result.get("access_token"):
            access_token = result.get('access_token')
        else:
            access_token = None
        return access_token

    access_token = get_access_token()

    openid = models.UserInfo.objects.get(id=1).wx_id

    def send_custom_msg():
        body = {
            "touser": openid,
            "msgtype": "text",
            "text": {
                "content": 'lqz大帥哥'
            }
        }
        response = requests.post(
            url="https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/message/custom/send",
            # 放到路徑?后面的東西
            params={
                'access_token': access_token
            },
            # 這是post請求body體中的內容
            data=bytes(json.dumps(body, ensure_ascii=False), encoding='utf-8')
        )
        # 這里可根據回執code進行判定是否發送成功(也可以根據code根據錯誤信息)
        result = response.json()
        return result

    def send_template_msg():
        """
        發送模版消息
        """
        res = requests.post(
            url="https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/message/template/send",
            params={
                'access_token': access_token
            },
            json={
                "touser": openid,
                "template_id": 'IaSe9s0rukUfKy4ZCbP4p7Hqbgp1L4hG6_EGobO2gMg',
                "data": {
                    "first": {
                        "value": "lqz",
                        "color": "#173177"
                    },
                    "keyword1": {
                        "value": "大帥哥",
                        "color": "#173177"
                    },
                }
            }
        )
        result = res.json()
        return result

    result = send_custom_msg()

    if result.get('errcode') == 0:
        return HttpResponse('發送成功')
    return HttpResponse('發送失敗')

1.3settings

# ############# 微信 ##############
WECHAT_CONFIG = {
    'app_id': 'wx3e1f0883236623f9',
    'appsecret': '508ec4590702c76e6863be6df01ad95a',
    'redirect_uri': 'http://42.56.89.12/callback/',
}

1.4url

from app01 import views

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
    url(r'^login/$', views.login),
    url(r'^index/$', views.index),
    url(r'^bind/$', views.bind),
    url(r'^bind_qcode/$', views.bind_qcode),
    url(r'^callback/$', views.callback),
    url(r'^sendmsg/$', views.sendmsg),
]

流程圖