1.首先,下載需要的模塊requests, BeautifulSoup, datetime, pymysql(注意,因為我用的python3.7,不支持mysqldb了),具體的下載方法有pip下載,或者使用Anaconda版本python的童鞋可以使用conda下載。
2.創建conndb,py,包含數據庫的連接斷開,增刪改查等操作:
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import pymysql
def conn_db(): # 連接數據庫函數
conn = pymysql.connect(
host='localhost',
user='數據庫用戶名',
passwd='數據庫密碼',
db='數據庫名稱',
charset='utf8')
cur = conn.cursor()
return conn, cur
def exe_update(cur, sql): # 更新語句,可執行update,insert語句
sta = cur.execute(sql)
return sta
def exe_delete(cur, ids): # 刪除語句,可批量刪除
for eachID in ids.split(' '):
sta = cur.execute('delete from cms where id =%d' % int(eachID))
return sta
def exe_query(cur, sql): # 查詢語句
cur.execute(sql)
return cur
def exe_commit(cur):
cur.connection.commit() # 執行commit操作,插入語句才能生效
def conn_close(conn, cur): # 關閉所有連接
cur.close()
conn.close()
3.創建另一個python文件,用於抓取數據(注意引入conndb.py文件):
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import datetime
import conndb
def get_html_text(url):
try:
r = requests.get(url, timeout=30)
# r.encoding = r.apparent_encoding
r.encoding = 'utf-8' # 編碼方式
# print(r.text)
return r.text
except BaseException as e:
print('BaseException:', e)
return ""
def get_content(url):
html = get_html_text(url)
# print(html)
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'html.parser')
title = soup.select(".list-point > .item") # 此處為BeautifulSoup的CSS選擇器,括號內為通過類名選擇
today = datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d') # 獲取今天的日期,用於抓取新聞時判斷抓取今天的內容
for item in title:
time = item.find('span').string # 新聞創建日期
time1 = '20' + time[0: time.index(" ")] # 日期字符串格式處理,便於比較
if time1 == today: # 新聞的創建日期是今天
url = item.find('a')['href'] # 獲取單條新聞鏈接,用戶單條新聞抓取
title = item.find('a').string
# print(title + time + url)
get_new_content(url, title, time)
def get_new_content(url, title, tim1):
html = get_html_text(url)
# print(html)
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'html.parser')
p = soup.select(".article-content > p")
# print(p)
# for item in p:
# if item.find('img'):
# print(item.find('img')['src'])
# else:
# print(item.string)
# 調用更新記錄的函數
p_str = str(p) # p為標簽,要轉化為字符串,並去掉前后的[]符號
length = len(p_str)
utf8_length = len(p_str.encode('utf-8'))
length = (utf8_length - length) / 2 + length
p_str = p_str[1: int(length)]
tim2 = datetime.datetime.strptime('20' + tim1, '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M') # 將字符串格式的日期轉為數據庫要求的datetime
sta = conndb.exe_update(cur,
"insert into cms(title, content, gmt_create) "
"values('%s','%s','%s')" % (title, p_str, tim2))
if sta == 1:
print('插入成功')
else:
print('插入失敗')
def main():
url = "抓取的頁面url"
get_content(url)
# 調用連接數據庫的函數
conn, cur = conndb.conn_db()
main()
conndb.exe_commit(cur) # 注意!! 一定要記得commit,否則操作成功了,但是並沒有添加到數據庫中
conndb.conn_close(conn, cur)
這樣,抓取到的數據就可以保存到數據庫中了。
