centos7 安裝oracle11g

創建數據庫的系統用戶和用戶組

$ su root　　#切換到root
# groupadd oinstall　　#創建用戶組oinstall
# groupadd dba　　#創建用戶組dba
# useradd -g oinstall -g dba -m oracle　　#創建oracle用戶，並加入到oinstall和dba用戶組
# passwd oracle　　#設置用戶oracle的登陸密碼，不設置密碼，在CentOS的圖形登陸界面沒法登陸
Changing password for user oracle.
New password: 　　# 密碼
BAD PASSWORD: The password is shorter than 8 characters
Retype new password: 　　# 確認密碼
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

# id oracle # 查看新建的oracle用戶
uid=1001(oracle) gid=1002(dba) groups=1002(dba)

理論上單例按照需要3種用戶組，實際只建兩個oinstall和dba，后面再安裝oracle數據庫的時候把OSOPER組也設置是dba組。

a.oracle 清單組（一般為oinstall):
 OINSTALL 組的成員被視為 Oracle 軟件的“所有者”，擁有對 Oracle 中央清單 (oraInventory) 的寫入權限。在一個 Linux 系統上首次安裝 Oracle 軟件時，
 OUI 會創建 /etc/oraInst.loc 文件。該文件指定 Oracle 清單組的名稱（默認為 oinstall）以及 Oracle 中央清單目錄的路徑。
b.數據庫管理員（OSDBA，一般為 dba）:
 OSDBA 組的成員可通過操作系統身份驗證使用 SQL 以 SYSDBA 身份連接到一個 Oracle 實例。該組的成員可執行關鍵的數據庫管理任務，如創建數據庫、啟動和關
 閉實例。該組的默認名稱為dba。SYSDBA 系統權限甚至在數據庫未打開時也允許訪問數據庫實例。對此權限的控制完全超出了數據庫本身的范圍。不要混淆 SYSDBA 
 系統權限與數據庫角色 DBA。DBA 角色不包括 SYSDBA 或 SYSOPER 系統權限。
c.數據庫操作員組（OSOPER，一般為 oper）:
 OSOPER 組的成員可通過操作系統身份驗證使用 SQL 以 SYSOPER 身份連接到一個 Oracle 實例。這個可選組的成員擁有一組有限的數據庫管理權限，如管理和運行備份。
 該組的默認名稱為oper。

創建oracle數據庫安裝目錄

[localhost ~]$ su root
Password: 
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /data/oracle　　#oracle數據庫安裝目錄
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /data/oraInventory　　#oracle數據庫配置文件目錄
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /data/database　　#oracle數據庫軟件包解壓目錄
[root@localhost ~]# cd /data
[root@localhost data]# ls　　#創建完畢檢查一下（強迫症）
database  oracle  oraInventory
[root@localhost data]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/oracle　　#設置目錄所有者為oinstall用戶組的oracle用戶
[root@localhost data]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/oraInventory
[root@localhost data]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/database
[root@localhost data]# 

修改OS系統標識

oracle默認不支持CentOS系統安裝，Oracle Database 11g Release 2 的 OS要求參考： https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/install.112/e47689/pre_install.htm#LADBI1106

我安裝是64位數據庫，On Linux x86-64：Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 （RHEL 7）

另外，CentOS7.0.1511 基於 RHEL7.2 參考：http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2015-12/126283.htm

#修改文件 /etc/RedHat-release 

[sonny@localhost data]$ su root
Password: 
[root@localhost data]# cat /proc/version 
Linux version 3.10.0-229.el7.x86_64 ([e-mail]) (gcc version 4.8.2 20140120 (Red Hat 4.8.2-16) (GCC) ) #1 SMP Fri Mar 6 11:36:42 UTC 2015
[root@localhost data]# cat /etc/redhat-release　　
cat /etc/redhat-release
[root@localhost data]# vi /etc/redhat-release
[root@localhost data]# cat /etc/redhat-release 
redhat-7 
[root@localhost data]#  

安裝oracle數據庫所需要的軟件包

重復一遍，我安裝時Oracle Database 11g Release 2 64位數據庫。

Oracle Database Package Requirements for Linux x86-64 如下：（參考：https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/install.112/e47689/pre_install.htm#BABCFJFG）

#操作系統:Oracle Linux 7 and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7
The following packages (or later versions) must be installed:

rpm -ivh kernel-headers-3.10.0-229.el7.x86_64.rpm 
rpm -ivh libmpc-1.0.1-3.el7.x86_64.rpm 
rpm -ivh cpp-4.8.3-9.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh binutils-2.23.52.0.1-30.el7.x86_64.rpm 
rpm -ivh compat-libcap1-1.10-7.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh gcc-4.8.3-9.el7.x86_64.rpm  
rpm -ivh libstdc++-devel-4.8.3-9.el7.x86_64.rpm 
rpm -ivh gcc-c++-4.8.3-9.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh glibc-2.17-78.el7.x86_64.rpm 
rpm -ivh glibc-devel-2.17-78.el7.x86_64.rpm 
rpm -ivh libaio-0.3.109-12.el7.x86_64.rpm 
rpm -ivh libaio-devel-0.3.109-12.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh libgcc-4.8.3-9.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh libstdc++-4.8.3-9.el7.x86_64.rpm 
rpm -ivh libstdc++-devel-4.8.3-9.el7.x86_64.rpm 
rpm -ivh libXi-1.7.2-2.1.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh libXtst-1.2.2-2.1.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh make-3.82-21.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh sysstat-10.1.5-7.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh libXxf86dga-1.1.4-2.1.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh libdmx-1.1.3-3.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh elfutils-libelf-devel-0.160-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-72.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh pdksh-5.2.14-37.el5_8.1.x86_64.rpm 
rpm -ivh readline-6.2-9.el7.x86_64.rpm 

關閉防火牆

CentOS 7默認使用的是firewall作為防火牆

[root@localhost /]# systemctl status firewalld.service　　#查看防火牆狀態，運行中
● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: active (running) since Thu 2016-04-07 18:54:29 PDT; 2h 20min ago
 Main PID: 802 (firewalld)
   CGroup: /system.slice/firewalld.service
           └─802 /usr/bin/python -Es /usr/sbin/firewalld --nofork --nopid

Apr 07 18:54:25 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon...
Apr 07 18:54:29 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon.
[root@localhost /]# systemctl stop firewalld.service　　#關閉防火牆
[root@localhost /]# systemctl status firewalld.service　　#再次查看防火牆狀態，發現已關閉
● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: inactive (dead) since Thu 2016-04-07 21:15:34 PDT; 9s ago
 Main PID: 802 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)

Apr 07 18:54:25 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon...
Apr 07 18:54:29 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon.
Apr 07 21:15:33 localhost systemd[1]: Stopping firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon...
Apr 07 21:15:34 localhost systemd[1]: Stopped firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon.
[root@localhost /]# systemctl disable firewalld.service　　#禁止使用防火牆（重啟也是禁止的）
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.Fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/basic.target.wants/firewalld.service.
[root@localhost /]# 

關閉selinux（需重啟生效）

[root@localhost /]# vi /etc/selinux/config
[root@localhost /]# cat /etc/selinux/config

# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
#     enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
#     permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
#     disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.
SELINUX=disabled   #此處修改為disabled
# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of three two values:
#     targeted - Targeted processes are protected,
#     minimum - Modification of targeted policy. Only selected processes are protected. 
#     mls - Multi Level Security protection.
SELINUXTYPE=targeted 

修改內核參數

[root@localhost /]# vi /etc/sysctl.conf 
[root@localhost /]# cat /etc/sysct.conf
cat: /etc/sysct.conf: No such file or directory
[root@localhost /]# cat /etc/sysctl.conf 
# System default settings live in /usr/lib/sysctl.d/00-system.conf.
# To override those settings, enter new settings here, or in an /etc/sysctl.d/<name>.conf file
#
# For more information, see sysctl.conf(5) and sysctl.d(5).
net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1
fs.file-max = 6815744 #設置最大打開文件數
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
kernel.shmall = 2097152 #共享內存的總量，8G內存設置：2097152*4k/1024/1024
kernel.shmmax = 2147483648 #最大共享內存的段大小
kernel.shmmni = 4096 #整個系統共享內存端的最大數
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 #可使用的IPv4端口范圍
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max= 4194304
net.core.wmem_default= 262144
net.core.wmem_max= 1048576
[root@localhost /]# 
使配置參數生效

[root@localhost /]# sysctl -p
net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1
sysctl: setting key "fs.file-max": Invalid argument
fs.file-max = 6815744 #設置最大打開文件數
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
sysctl: setting key "kernel.shmall": Invalid argument
kernel.shmall = 2097152 #共享內存的總量，8G內存設置：2097152*4k/1024/1024
sysctl: setting key "kernel.shmmax": Invalid argument
kernel.shmmax = 2147483648 #最大共享內存的段大小
sysctl: setting key "kernel.shmmni": Invalid argument
kernel.shmmni = 4096 #整個系統共享內存端的最大數
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
sysctl: setting key "net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range": Invalid argument
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 #可使用的IPv4端口范圍
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
[root@localhost /]#   

對oracle用戶設置限制，提高軟件運行性能（紅色為添加部分）

[root@localhost /]# vi /etc/security/limits.conf 
[root@localhost /]# cat /etc/security/limits.conf
# /etc/security/limits.conf
#
#This file sets the resource limits for the users logged in via PAM.
#It does not affect resource limits of the system services.
#
#Also note that configuration files in /etc/security/limits.d directory,
#which are read in alphabetical order, override the settings in this
#file in case the domain is the same or more specific.
#That means for example that setting a limit for wildcard domain here
#can be overriden with a wildcard setting in a config file in the
#subdirectory, but a user specific setting here can be overriden only
#with a user specific setting in the subdirectory.
#
#Each line describes a limit for a user in the form:
#
#<domain>        <type>  <item>  <value>
#
#Where:
#<domain> can be:
#        - a user name
#        - a group name, with @group syntax
#        - the wildcard *, for default entry
#        - the wildcard %, can be also used with %group syntax,
#                 for maxlogin limit
#
#<type> can have the two values:
#        - "soft" for enforcing the soft limits
#        - "hard" for enforcing hard limits
#
#<item> can be one of the following:
#        - core - limits the core file size (KB)
#        - data - max data size (KB)
#        - fsize - maximum filesize (KB)
#        - memlock - max locked-in-memory address space (KB)
#        - nofile - max number of open file descriptors
#        - rss - max resident set size (KB)
#        - stack - max stack size (KB)
#        - cpu - max CPU time (MIN)
#        - nproc - max number of processes
#        - as - address space limit (KB)
#        - maxlogins - max number of logins for this user
#        - maxsyslogins - max number of logins on the system
#        - priority - the priority to run user process with
#        - locks - max number of file locks the user can hold
#        - sigpending - max number of pending signals
#        - msgqueue - max memory used by POSIX message queues (bytes)
#        - nice - max nice priority allowed to raise to values: [-20, 19]
#        - rtprio - max realtime priority
#
#<domain>      <type>  <item>         <value>
#

#*               soft    core            0
#*               hard    rss             10000
#@student        hard    nproc           20
#@faculty        soft    nproc           20
#@faculty        hard    nproc           50
#ftp             hard    nproc           0
#@student        -       maxlogins       4 oracle soft nproc 2047 oracle hard nproc 16384 oracle soft nofile 1024 oracle hard nofile 65536

# End of file
[root@localhost /]#  

配置用戶的環境變量（紅色部分為添加代碼）

[root@localhost /]# vi /home/oracle/.bash_profile 
[root@localhost /]# cat /home/oracle/.bash_profile 
# .bash_profile

# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
    . ~/.bashrc
fi

# User specific environment and startup programs

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/.local/bin:$HOME/bin

export PATH

export ORACLE_BASE=/data/oracle #oracle數據庫安裝目錄 export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1 #oracle數據庫路徑 export ORACLE_SID=orcl #oracle啟動數據庫實例名 export ORACLE_TERM=xterm #xterm窗口模式安裝 export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/usr/sbin:$PATH #添加系統環境變量 export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib #添加系統環境變量 export LANG=C #防止安裝過程出現亂碼 export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK #設置Oracle客戶端字符集，必須與Oracle安裝時設置的字符集保持一致，如：ZHS16GBK，否則出現數據導入導出中文亂碼問題
[root@localhost /]#  
使上述配置立即生效：

[oracle@localhost /]$ su root
Password: 
[root@localhost /]# source /home/oracle/.bash_profile 
[root@localhost /]# 

解壓安裝包

[oracle@localhost /]$ cd /usr/local/src　　#進入/usr/local/src目錄
[oracle@localhost src]$ ls
linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip  linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip
[oracle@localhost src]$ unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip -d /data/database/　　#解壓
(省略...)
[oracle@localhost src]$ unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip -d /data/database/　　#解壓
(省略...)
[oracle@localhost src]$ su root
Password: 
[root@localhost src]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/database/database/
[root@localhost src]#  

安裝oracle

[oracle@localhost ~]$ export DISPLAY=10.0.205.189:0.0
[oracle@localhost ~]$ xhost + 10.0.205.189
10.0.205.189 being added to access control list
[oracle@localhost database]$ ./runInstaller 
Starting Oracle Universal Installer...

Checking Temp space: must be greater than 120 MB.   Actual 10685 MB    Passed
Checking swap space: must be greater than 150 MB.   Actual 1639 MB    Passed
Checking monitor: must be configured to display at least 256 colors.    Actual 16777216    Passed
Preparing to launch Oracle Universal Installer from /tmp/OraInstall2018-12-17_12-11-54PM. Please wait ...


This is a prerequisite condition to test whether sufficient total swap space is available on the system. (more details)

　　

swap空間不足解決 ：（要求2.8G 實際2G）

[root@localhost oracle]# free -m　　#查看當前虛擬內存
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:           1824        1369          93          10         361         250
Swap:          2048          20        2028
[root@localhost oracle]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/home/swap bs=1024 count=1024000　　#將當前swap空間由2048M 增加到 3048M 新增一個2014的swap文件
1024000+0 records in
1024000+0 records out
1048576000 bytes (1.0 GB) copied, 29.4051 s, 35.7 MB/s
[root@localhost oracle]# mkswap /home/swap
Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 1023996 KiB
no label, UUID=5e3d39d7-285e-4c74-b321-1e2b3ffabf83
[root@localhost oracle]# free -m
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:           1824        1275          95          10         454         342
Swap:          2048         141        1907
[root@localhost oracle]# swapon /home/swap　　#增加並啟用虛擬內容
swapon: /home/swap: insecure permissions 0644, 0600 suggested.
[root@localhost oracle]# free -m　　#再次查看
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:           1824        1275          94          10         454         342
Swap:          3048         141        2907 

　　

解決錯誤

Error in invoking target 'agent nmhs' of makefile

解決方案
在makefile中添加鏈接libnnz11庫的參數
修改$ORACLE_HOME/sysman/lib/ins_emagent.mk，將
$(MK_EMAGENT_NMECTL)修改為：$(MK_EMAGENT_NMECTL) -lnnz11
建議修改前備份原始文件

[oracle@ ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/sysman/lib
[oracle@lib]$ cp ins_emagent.mk ins_emagent.mk.bak
[oracle@lib]$ vi ins_emagent.mk

進入vi編輯器后  命令模式輸入/NMECTL 進行查找，快速定位要修改的行
在后面追加參數-lnnz11        第一個是字母l   后面兩個是數字1

保存退出后Retry

 

安裝rlwrap

[root@localhost rlwrap-0.37]#  ./configure 
  [root@localhost rlwrap-0.37]#  make
  [root@localhost rlwrap-0.37]#  make install
  [root@localhost rlwrap-0.37]#  
  
  [oracle@localhost ~]$ vim .bash_profile
  #添加
  alias sqlplus='rlwrap sqlplus'
  [oracle@localhost ~]$ source .bash_profile

創建表空間與用戶

crt_datatbs.sh 
#!/bin/sh

sqlplus sys/sys@ORCL as sysdba <<+

create tablespace DATATBS1
datafile 
'/data/database/data0tbs01_1_6g' size 6142m reuse,
'/data/database/data0tbs01_2_6g' size 6142m reuse
extent management local uniform size 1m
segment space management auto;
+

crt_indextbs.sh 

#!/bin/sh

sqlplus sys/sys@ORCL as sysdba <<+

create tablespace INDEXTBS1
datafile 
'/data/database/index0tbs01_1_2g' size 2048m reuse
extent management local uniform size 1m
segment space management auto;
+


create user test profile default 
identified by test default tablespace DATATBS1
account unlock;
grant connect to test;
grant resource to test;
grant select_catalog_role to test;
grant create any view to test;
grant unlimited tablespace to test;
grant create synonym to test;
grant dba to test;