在安裝前，最好上 https://hub.docker.com 看一下mysql的版本，我本人一般都最用最新版本。
1. 拉取mysql鏡像
docker pull mysql
2. 運行容器
docker run \ -p 3306:3306 \ -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 \ -v /home/data/mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql:rw \ -v /home/data/mysql/log:/var/log/mysql:rw \ -v /home/data/mysql/config/my.cnf:/etc/mysql/my.cnf:rw \ -v /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro \ --name mysql8 \ --restart=always \ -d mysql
提前要在提定的位置（我的位置是：/home/data）創建以下文件夾或文件：
- mysql/data 是數據庫文件存放的地方。必須要掛載到容器外，否則容器重啟一切數據消失。
- mysql/log 是數據庫主生的log。建議掛載到容器外。
- mysql/config/my.cnf 是數據庫的配置文件，在下面會放出來。
- /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro 是讓容器的時鍾與宿主機時鍾同步，避免時區的問題，ro是read only的意思，就是只讀。
3. 配置文件 (這個文件是我進容器里面抄出來的，因為內需要改動一點點)
default_authentication_plugin= mysql_native_password （這個是因應mysql8的安全機制升級而需要修改的配置，不配置的話將無法登錄管理）
# Copyright (c) 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. # # This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by # the Free Software Foundation; version 2 of the License. # # This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the # GNU General Public License for more details. # # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License # along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software # Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA # # The MySQL Server configuration file. # # For explanations see # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/server-system-variables.html [mysqld] pid-file = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock datadir = /var/lib/mysql secure-file-priv= NULL # Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks symbolic-links=0 # Custom config should go here !includedir /etc/mysql/conf.d/ default_authentication_plugin= mysql_native_password
如果你沒有配置好就啟動容器，容器初始化完成后，第3點的配置是不會生效的。你需要進入容器進行以下操作：
其間按提示會要求你輸入root用戶的password，就是上面我們設置的參數 “MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD”
[root@centos ~]# docker exec -it mysql8 /bin/sh # mysql -uroot -p mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '123456';