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一、場景
我們經常會碰見,一個需求就是,發送一條指令(消息),延遲一段時間執行,比如說常見的淘寶當下了一個訂單后,訂單支付時間為半個小時,如果半個小時沒有支付,則關閉該訂單。當然實現的方式有幾種,今天來看看rabbitMQ實現的方式。
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二、思路:rabbitMQ 如何實現
- rabbitMQ為每個隊列設置消息的超時時間。只要給隊列設置x-message-ttl 參數,就設定了該隊列所有消息的存活時間,時間單位是毫秒。如果聲明隊列時指定了死信交換器,則過期消息會成為死信消息
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需要設置的參數為:
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三、原理:上圖
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將延遲隊列(queue)在聲明的時候設置參數 “ x-dead-letter-exchange ”,“ x-message-ttl “ 分別對應 死信路由器(dlx_exchange) 和 消息過期時間(比如說30分鍾)。
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一個消息從生產者發送到延遲隊列 ,在延遲隊列里等待,等待30分鍾后,會去綁定的死信路由(dlx_exchange)。通過死信路由的規則,走到死信隊列。
- 這時候監聽死信隊列的消費者就可以接收到消息,消費消息。比如說查看該訂單是否支付,如果沒有支付,則關閉該訂單。
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四、代碼實戰
- 生產者代碼:
import com.dbg.example.connectionFactory.RQconnFactory; import com.rabbitmq.client.BuiltinExchangeType; import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel; import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection; import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory; import org.slf4j.Logger; import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.List; import java.util.Map; import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException; public class DelayProducer { public static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(DelayProducer.class); // 交換機 public static final String exchangeName = "delay_Task"; // 聲明路由鍵 public static final String routekey = "delay_order"; public static void pend (List<String> orderNos) throws IOException, TimeoutException { // 通過單例得到工廠 ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = RQconnFactory.getrQconnFactory(); Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection(); final Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); // 聲明一個交換機 channel.exchangeDeclare(exchangeName , BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT); // 消息綁定 for (String orderNo :orderNos ) { channel.basicPublish(exchangeName , routekey , null ,orderNo.getBytes()); logger.info("發送訂單 : "+ orderNo); } // 關閉頻道和連接 channel.close(); connection.close(); } public static void main(String[] args) { List orders = new ArrayList(); orders.add("order 0001"); orders.add("order 0002"); orders.add("order 0003"); try { pend(orders); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (TimeoutException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
- 消費者代碼:
import com.dbg.example.connectionFactory.RQconnFactory; import com.rabbitmq.client.*; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Map; import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException; public class DelayConsumer { public static void receive() throws IOException, TimeoutException { // 通過單例得到工廠 ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = RQconnFactory.getrQconnFactory(); Connection connection = connectionFactory.newConnection(); final Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); // 聲明一個死信路由 String dlxExchangeName = "dlx_delay"; channel.exchangeDeclare(dlxExchangeName , BuiltinExchangeType.TOPIC); // 聲明一個死信訂單隊列 String dlxQueueName = "dlx_delay_order"; channel.queueDeclare( dlxQueueName ,true , true ,false ,null); // 綁定 channel.queueBind(dlxQueueName , dlxExchangeName , "#"); // 聲明一個交換機 channel.exchangeDeclare(DelayProducer.exchangeName , BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT); // 聲明一個延遲訂單隊列 ,並綁定死信路由器 String queueName = "delay_order"; Map<String ,Object> arguments = new HashMap<>(); arguments.put("x-dead-letter-exchange",dlxExchangeName); arguments.put("x-message-ttl", 5 * 1000); // 5秒過期時間 channel.queueDeclare(queueName,true , false ,false , arguments ); // 綁定 channel.queueBind(queueName , DelayProducer.exchangeName ,DelayProducer.routekey); // 聲明一個消費者(關閉為支付訂單的服務) final Consumer consumer = new DefaultConsumer(channel){ @Override public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, AMQP.BasicProperties properties, byte[] body) throws IOException { String message = new String(body, "UTF-8"); System.out.println("Received and close [" +envelope.getRoutingKey() +"]"+message); } }; // 消費者消費--隊列() channel.basicConsume(dlxQueueName,true , consumer); } public static void main(String[] args) { try { receive(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (TimeoutException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
3.得到單例連接工廠
public class RQconnFactory { private volatile static ConnectionFactory rQconnFactory; private RQconnFactory(){ } public static ConnectionFactory getrQconnFactory() { if (rQconnFactory == null) { synchronized (RQconnFactory.class){ if (rQconnFactory == null ){ rQconnFactory = new ConnectionFactory(); rQconnFactory.setHost("192.168.31.220"); return rQconnFactory; } } } return rQconnFactory; } }