一、問題原因:
根本原因是從Android9.0開始,出於完全因素考慮,默認不再支持http網絡請求,需要使用 https。
二、解決方案:
解決的基本思路是:對指定的網址進行過濾,強制允許指定網址繼續使用http請求
參考地址1:https://stackoverflow.com/questions/45940861/android-8-cleartext-http-traffic-not-permitted
參考地址2:https://developer.android.com/training/articles/security-config#CleartextTrafficPermitted
參考地址3: https://koz.io/android-m-and-the-war-on-cleartext-traffic/
下列解決步驟基於參考地址1整理:
方案 1:
A:創建 res/xml/network_security_config.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <network-security-config> <domain-config cleartextTrafficPermitted="true"> <domain includeSubdomains="true">Your URL(ex: 127.0.0.1)</domain> </domain-config> </network-security-config>
注意:上述代碼的意思是解除對指定網址的限制。
B:修改 AndroidManifest.xml
配置 android:networkSecurityConfig
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <manifest ...> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" /> <application ... android:networkSecurityConfig="@xml/network_security_config" ...> ... </application> </manifest>
方案 2:
A:修改AndroidManifest.xml
啟用 android:usesCleartextTraffic
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <manifest ...> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" /> <application ... android:usesCleartextTraffic="true" ...> ... </application> </manifest>
方案 3:
在 @david.s'的回答中指出 也可能會導致該問題 -
在 Manifest Docs https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/manifest/manifest-element#targetSandboxVersion中對於 有如下描述
android:targetSandboxVersion
The target sandbox for this app to use. The higher the sandbox version number, the higher the level of security. Its default value is 1; you can also set it to 2. Setting this attribute to 2 switches the app to a different SELinux sandbox. The following restrictions apply to a level 2 sandbox:
The default value of usesCleartextTraffic in the Network Security Config is false.Uid sharing is not permitted.
所以,如果你在 AndroidManifest.xml 的節點中配置了 ,需要將它的值置為1.
A:修改AndroidManifest.xml
降低 android:targetSandboxVersion 的版本
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <manifest android:targetSandboxVersion="1"> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" /> ... </manifest>