Android官方文檔翻譯
原文地址：https://developer.android.com/training/testing/performance
參考：https://www.jianshu.com/p/7477e381a7ea
用戶界面（UI）性能測試不僅可以確保app滿足其功能要求，而且能夠保證用戶與app之間的交互是相當平滑的——以每秒60幀的速度運行（為什么是60fps？），沒有任何丟棄或延遲的幀（或者我們喜歡稱之為jank）。本文檔介紹了可用於衡量UI性能的工具，並提供了將UI性能測量集成到測試實踐中的方法。
為了提高性能，我們首先需要能夠衡量系統的性能，然后診斷並識別可能從管道的各個部分到達的問題。
dumpsys是一款運行在設備上的Android工具，可以輸出有關系統服務狀態的信息。將 gfxinfo命令傳遞給dumpsys可在logcat中提供輸出，其中記錄了各階段期間發生的動畫以及幀相關的性能信息。
adb shell dumpsys gfxinfo < PACKAGE_NAME >
該命令可以輸出多種不同的幀耗時信息。運行該命令后，可到如下結果
C:\Users\Administrator>adb shell dumpsys gfxinfo com.zhihu.android Applications Graphics Acceleration Info: Uptime: 2104762906 Realtime: 3192448754 ** Graphics info for pid 23231 [com.zhihu.android] ** Stats since: 2104750516354290ns Total frames rendered: 360 Janky frames: 35 (9.72%) 50th percentile: 9ms 90th percentile: 16ms 95th percentile: 26ms 99th percentile: 117ms Number Missed Vsync: 14 Number High input latency: 0 Number Slow UI thread: 20 Number Slow bitmap uploads: 1 Number Slow issue draw commands: 16 HISTOGRAM: 5ms=16 6ms=13 7ms=31 8ms=108 9ms=53 10ms=36 11ms=27 12ms=18 13ms=9 14 ms=5 15ms=5 16ms=5 17ms=5 18ms=0 19ms=2 20ms=2 21ms=1 22ms=1 23ms=0 24ms=1 25ms= 4 26ms=1 27ms=0 28ms=2 29ms=0 30ms=0 31ms=2 32ms=0 34ms=0 36ms=0 38ms=1 40ms=0 4 2ms=1 44ms=0 46ms=0 48ms=1 53ms=0 57ms=1 61ms=0 65ms=0 69ms=1 73ms=0 77ms=0 81ms =0 85ms=1 89ms=0 93ms=0 97ms=1 101ms=1 105ms=0 109ms=0 113ms=1 117ms=1 121ms=0 1 25ms=0 129ms=0 133ms=0 150ms=0 200ms=1 250ms=0 300ms=0 350ms=1 400ms=1 450ms=0 5 00ms=0 550ms=0 600ms=0 650ms=0 700ms=0 750ms=0 800ms=0 850ms=0 900ms=0 950ms=0 1 000ms=0 1050ms=0 1100ms=0 1150ms=0 1200ms=0 1250ms=0 1300ms=0 1350ms=0 1400ms=0 1450ms=0 1500ms=0 1550ms=0 1600ms=0 1650ms=0 1700ms=0 1750ms=0 1800ms=0 1850ms=0 1900ms=0 1950ms=0 2000ms=0 2050ms=0 2100ms=0 2150ms=0 2200ms=0 2250ms=0 2300ms= 0 2350ms=0 2400ms=0 2450ms=0 2500ms=0 2550ms=0 2600ms=0 2650ms=0 2700ms=0 2750ms =0 2800ms=0 2850ms=0 2900ms=0 2950ms=0 3000ms=0 3050ms=0 3100ms=0 3150ms=0 3200m s=0 3250ms=0 3300ms=0 3350ms=0 3400ms=0 3450ms=0 3500ms=0 3550ms=0 3600ms=0 3650 ms=0 3700ms=0 3750ms=0 3800ms=0 3850ms=0 3900ms=0 3950ms=0 4000ms=0 4050ms=0 410 0ms=0 4150ms=0 4200ms=0 4250ms=0 4300ms=0 4350ms=0 4400ms=0 4450ms=0 4500ms=0 45 50ms=0 4600ms=0 4650ms=0 4700ms=0 4750ms=0 4800ms=0 4850ms=0 4900ms=0 4950ms=0 Caches: Current memory usage / total memory usage (bytes): TextureCache 4525536 / 75497472 Layers total 0 (numLayers = 0) RenderBufferCache 0 / 8388608 GradientCache 0 / 1048576 PathCache 1232324 / 33554432 TessellationCache 7416 / 1048576 TextDropShadowCache 4368 / 6291456 PatchCache 0 / 0 FontRenderer A8 567771 / 1048576 A8 texture 0 567771 / 1048576 FontRenderer RGBA 0 / 0 FontRenderer total 567771 / 1048576 Other: FboCache 0 / 2 Total memory usage: 6818220 bytes, 6.50 MB Pipeline=FrameBuilder Profile data in ms: com.zhihu.android/com.zhihu.android.app.ui.activity.MainActivity/android .view.ViewRootImpl@42bf37 (visibility=0) View hierarchy: com.zhihu.android/com.zhihu.android.app.ui.activity.MainActivity/android.view. ViewRootImpl@42bf37 251 views, 247.25 kB of display lists Total ViewRootImpl: 1 Total Views: 251 Total DisplayList: 247.25 kB
一 聚合幀統計信息
使用Android 6.0（API級別23），該命令將打印幀的聚合分析數據到logcat，並在整個過程生命周期內收集。下面介紹一些關鍵輸出信息：
- Graphics info for pid 23231 [com.zhihu.android] - 表明當前dump的為知乎應用界面的幀信息，pid為23231
- Total frames rendered: 360 - 本次dump搜集了360幀的信息
- Janky frames: 35 (9.72%) - 360幀中有35幀的耗時超過了16ms，卡頓概率為9.72%
- 50th percentile: 9ms
- 90th percentile: 16ms
- 95th percentile: 26ms
- 99th percentile: 117ms
- Number Missed Vsync: 14 - 垂直同步失敗的幀
- Number High input latency: 0 - 處理input時間超時的幀數
- Number Slow UI thread: 20 - 因UI線程上的工作導致超時的幀數
- Number Slow bitmap uploads: 1 - 因bitmap的加載耗時的幀數
- Number Slow issue draw commands: 16 - 因繪制導致耗時的幀數
- HISTOGRAM: 5ms=16 6ms=13 ... - 直方圖數據，表面耗時為0-5ms的幀數為16，耗時為5-6ms的幀數為13，同理類推。
這些高級統計數據在很高的層次上向我們傳達了app的渲染性能，以及它在許多幀中的穩定性。
二 精確幀耗時信息
Android 6.0版本為gfxinfo提供了一個新的命令——framestats，其作用是可以從最近的幀中獲取非常詳細的幀耗時信息，因此我們可以更准確地跟蹤和調試問題。
adb shell dumpsys gfxinfo < PACKAGE_NAME > framestats
此命令會打印出來app最后生成的120幀的幀耗時信息（使用納秒時間戳）。運行該命令后，可到如下結果
C:\Users\Administrator>adb shell dumpsys gfxinfo com.zhihu.android framestats > E:\log\zhihu.csv
Applications Graphics Acceleration Info: Uptime: 2129707269 Realtime: 3240872231 ** Graphics info for pid 15112 [com.zhihu.android] ** Stats since: 2129424813068755ns Total frames rendered: 1548 Janky frames: 553 (35.72%) 50th percentile: 14ms 90th percentile: 28ms 95th percentile: 32ms 99th percentile: 61ms Number Missed Vsync: 25 Number High input latency: 5 Number Slow UI thread: 468 Number Slow bitmap uploads: 6 Number Slow issue draw commands: 150 HISTOGRAM: 5ms=40 6ms=31 7ms=49 8ms=51 9ms=71 10ms=89 11ms=81 12ms=107 13ms=116 14ms=164 15ms=125 16ms=100 17ms=67 18ms=49 19ms=33 20ms=27 21ms=27 22ms=25 23ms=33 24ms=25 25ms=29 26ms=30 27ms=24 28ms=22 29ms=20 30ms=12 31ms=14 32ms=14 34ms=12 36ms=10 38ms=8 40ms=10 42ms=1 44ms=3 46ms=5 48ms=4 53ms=3 57ms=1 61ms=1 65ms=3 69ms=1 73ms=1 77ms=0 81ms=2 85ms=0 89ms=0 93ms=0 97ms=2 101ms=0 105ms=0 109ms=0 113ms=0 117ms=0 121ms=0 125ms=0 129ms=0 133ms=0 150ms=3 200ms=1 250ms=0 300ms=1 350ms=1 400ms=0 450ms=0 500ms=0 550ms=0 600ms=0 650ms=0 700ms=0 750ms=0 800ms=0 850ms=0 900ms=0 950ms=0 1000ms=0 1050ms=0 1100ms=0 1150ms=0 1200ms=0 1250ms=0 1300ms=0 1350ms=0 1400ms=0 1450ms=0 1500ms=0 1550ms=0 1600ms=0 1650ms=0 1700ms=0 1750ms=0 1800ms=0 1850ms=0 1900ms=0 1950ms=0 2000ms=0 2050ms=0 2100ms=0 2150ms=0 2200ms=0 2250ms=0 2300ms=0 2350ms=0 2400ms=0 2450ms=0 2500ms=0 2550ms=0 2600ms=0 2650ms=0 2700ms=0 2750ms=0 2800ms=0 2850ms=0 2900ms=0 2950ms=0 3000ms=0 3050ms=0 3100ms=0 3150ms=0 3200ms=0 3250ms=0 3300ms=0 3350ms=0 3400ms=0 3450ms=0 3500ms=0 3550ms=0 3600ms=0 3650ms=0 3700ms=0 3750ms=0 3800ms=0 3850ms=0 3900ms=0 3950ms=0 4000ms=0 4050ms=0 4100ms=0 4150ms=0 4200ms=0 4250ms=0 4300ms=0 4350ms=0 4400ms=0 4450ms=0 4500ms=0 4550ms=0 4600ms=0 4650ms=0 4700ms=0 4750ms=0 4800ms=0 4850ms=0 4900ms=0 4950ms=0 Caches: Current memory usage / total memory usage (bytes): TextureCache 48398952 / 75497472 Layers total 0 (numLayers = 0) RenderBufferCache 0 / 8388608 GradientCache 0 / 1048576 PathCache 2154760 / 33554432 TessellationCache 13032 / 1048576 TextDropShadowCache 55536 / 6291456 PatchCache 0 / 0 FontRenderer A8 3602340 / 5242880 A8 texture 0 994239 / 1048576 A8 texture 1 1044999 / 1048576 A8 texture 2 1042955 / 1048576 A8 texture 3 520147 / 2097152 FontRenderer RGBA 0 / 0 FontRenderer total 3602340 / 5242880 Other: FboCache 0 / 2 Total memory usage: 55865160 bytes, 53.28 MB Pipeline=FrameBuilder Profile data in ms: com.zhihu.android/com.zhihu.android.app.ui.activity.MainActivity/android.view.ViewRootImpl@10b457e (visibility=8) Window: com.zhihu.android/com.zhihu.android.app.ui.activity.MainActivity Stats since: 2129424813129171ns Total frames rendered: 524 Janky frames: 100 (19.08%) 50th percentile: 10ms 90th percentile: 23ms 95th percentile: 28ms 99th percentile: 150ms Number Missed Vsync: 14 Number High input latency: 0 Number Slow UI thread: 62 Number Slow bitmap uploads: 6 Number Slow issue draw commands: 32 HISTOGRAM: 5ms=40 6ms=31 7ms=48 8ms=45 9ms=50 10ms=59 11ms=47 12ms=38 13ms=22 14ms=21 15ms=15 16ms=15 17ms=13 18ms=7 19ms=4 20ms=1 21ms=5 22ms=9 23ms=5 24ms=4 25ms=9 26ms=3 27ms=5 28ms=2 29ms=3 30ms=2 31ms=4 32ms=1 34ms=0 36ms=1 38ms=1 40ms=3 42ms=0 44ms=0 46ms=0 48ms=1 53ms=1 57ms=0 61ms=0 65ms=0 69ms=0 73ms=1 77ms=0 81ms=0 85ms=0 89ms=0 93ms=0 97ms=2 101ms=0 105ms=0 109ms=0 113ms=0 117ms=0 121ms=0 125ms=0 129ms=0 133ms=0 150ms=3 200ms=1 250ms=0 300ms=1 350ms=1 400ms=0 450ms=0 500ms=0 550ms=0 600ms=0 650ms=0 700ms=0 750ms=0 800ms=0 850ms=0 900ms=0 950ms=0 1000ms=0 1050ms=0 1100ms=0 1150ms=0 1200ms=0 1250ms=0 1300ms=0 1350ms=0 1400ms=0 1450ms=0 1500ms=0 1550ms=0 1600ms=0 1650ms=0 1700ms=0 1750ms=0 1800ms=0 1850ms=0 1900ms=0 1950ms=0 2000ms=0 2050ms=0 2100ms=0 2150ms=0 2200ms=0 2250ms=0 2300ms=0 2350ms=0 2400ms=0 2450ms=0 2500ms=0 2550ms=0 2600ms=0 2650ms=0 2700ms=0 2750ms=0 2800ms=0 2850ms=0 2900ms=0 2950ms=0 3000ms=0 3050ms=0 3100ms=0 3150ms=0 3200ms=0 3250ms=0 3300ms=0 3350ms=0 3400ms=0 3450ms=0 3500ms=0 3550ms=0 3600ms=0 3650ms=0 3700ms=0 3750ms=0 3800ms=0 3850ms=0 3900ms=0 3950ms=0 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0,2129472193245412,2129472193245412,9223372036854775807,0,2129472194233851,2129472194304685,2129472196128643,2129472196408331,2129472199985414,2129472200195831,2129472200771872,2129472207299997,2129472209976039,501000,883000, 0,2129472209780228,2129472209780228,9223372036854775807,0,2129472210796351,2129472210860935,2129472212991664,2129472213290101,2129472215696872,2129472215868747,2129472216824476,2129472223586976,2129472226239060,405000,851000, ---PROFILEDATA--- View hierarchy: com.zhihu.android/com.zhihu.android.app.ui.activity.MainActivity/android.view.ViewRootImpl@10b457e 248 views, 195.69 kB of display lists com.zhihu.android/com.zhihu.android.app.ui.activity.QAHostActivity/android.view.ViewRootImpl@e6d2adf 152 views, 147.95 kB of display lists Total ViewRootImpl: 2 Total Views: 400 Total DisplayList: 343.63 kB
以下是該命令的一些關鍵輸出信息
Flags,IntendedVsync,Vsync,OldestInputEvent,NewestInputEvent,HandleInputStart,AnimationStart,PerformTraversalsStart,DrawStart,SyncQueued,SyncStart,IssueDrawCommandsStart,SwapBuffers,FrameCompleted,DequeueBufferDuration,QueueBufferDuration, 0,2129433806752476,2129433806752476,9223372036854775807,0,2129433807321878,2129433807343232,2129433807670316,2129433807767712,2129433808129691,2129433808170316,2129433808370316,2129433814887503,2129433816121878,3545000,402000, 0,2129433823287480,2129433823287480,9223372036854775807,0,2129433823732816,2129433823755212,2129433824101045,2129433824213024,2129433824851566,2129433824914066,2129433826678649,2129433834844795,2129433836318232,2036000,482000, 0,2129433839822411,2129433839822411,9223372036854775807,0,2129433840271878,2129433840293232,2129433845248961,2129433845402607,2129433846842191,2129433846912503,2129433847186982,2129433851378649,2129433853024482,394000,494000,
此輸出的每一行代表app生成的一幀。每一行的列數都相同（16列），描述在生成幀的管道的每個階段所花費的時間。下一節將詳細介紹此格式，包括每列所代表的內容。
Framestats數據格式
由於數據塊以CSV格式輸出，因此將其粘貼到我們選擇的電子表格工具，或者使用腳本進行收集和解析非常簡單。下面說明了輸出數據列的格式。所有時間戳都以納秒為單位（1納秒=1e-6毫秒）。
1.FLAGS
如果flags為0，則此幀的總耗時時間 = FRAME_COMPLETED（第14列，幀的結束時間） - INTENDED_VSYNC（第2列，幀的預期開始時間）。
如果flags不為0，則忽略該行，因為該幀的布局和繪制時間超過16ms，為異常幀。以下是可能發生的一些原因：
（1）窗口布局發生變化（例如app的第一幀或旋轉后）；
（2）幀被跳過也是有可能的，在這種情況下，某些值將具有垃圾時間戳。例如，如果幀超出60fps，或者屏幕上沒有任何內容變臟，則可能跳過一個幀，這不一定是app中出現問題的跡象。
2.INTENDED_VSYNC
幀的預期開始時間。如果此值與VSYNC不同，則UI線程上發生了阻止其及時響應vsync信號的工作。
3.VSYNC
花費在vsync監聽器和幀繪制的時間（Choreographer frame回調，動畫，View.getDrawingTime()等）。
要了解VSYNC的更多信息及其對app的影響，請查看Understanding VSYNC 視頻。
4.OLDEST_INPUT_EVENT
輸入隊列中最早輸入事件的時間戳。如果此幀沒有輸入事件，則為Long.MAX_VALUE。
此值主要用於平台工作，對app開發人員的用處不大。
5.NEWEST_INPUT_EVENT
輸入隊列中最后輸入事件的時間戳，如果此幀沒有輸入事件，則為0。
此值主要用於平台工作，對app開發人員的用處不大。
但是，通過計算FRAME_COMPLETED - NEWEST_INPUT_EVENT的值，可以大致了解app添加的延遲時間。
6.HANDLE_INPUT_START
將輸入事件分派給app的時間戳。
通過計算ANIMATION_START - HANDLE_INPUT_START的值，可以測量app處理輸入事件所花費的時間。
如果它們的時間差很高（> 2ms），則表示app花費了非常長的時間處理輸入事件，例如View.onTouchEvent()，這可能表示此工作需要優化，或者分發到其他線程。但是請注意，在某些情況下，例如發起新活動或類似活動的點擊事件時，預計可接受的時間差是很大的。
7.ANIMATION_START
運行Choreographer注冊動畫的時間戳。
通過計算PERFORM_TRANVERSALS_START - ANIMATION_START的值，可以得到評估正在運行的所有動畫器（ObjectAnimator，ViewPropertyAnimator和常用轉換器）所花費的時間。
如果它們的時間差很高（> 2ms），請檢查您的app是否已編寫了自定義動畫或者設置了ObjectAnimators動畫的字段，並確保它們適用於動畫。
要了解Choreographer的更多信息，請查看 For Butter or Worse 視頻。
8.PERFORM_TRAVERSALS_START
計算DRAW_START - PERFORM_TRAVERSALS_START的值，可以得到完成布局和度量階段所需的時間。（注意，在滾動或動畫期間，你會希望它應該接近於零）
要了解有關渲染管道的度量和布局階段的更多信息，請查看 Invalidations, Layouts and Performance 視頻。
9.DRAW_START
performTraversals的繪制階段開始的時間戳。這是錄制任何無效視圖的顯示列表的起點。
此時間與SYNC_START之間的時間是在樹中所有無效視圖上調用View.draw()所需的時間。
有關繪圖模型的更多信息，請查看 Hardware Acceleration 或者 Invalidations, Layouts and Performance 視頻。
10.SYNC_QUEUED
將同步請求發送到RenderThread的時間。
這標志着開始同步階段的消息被發送到RenderThread的時刻。如果此時間與SYNC_START之間的時間差很長（> 0.1ms左右），則表示RenderThread正忙於處理不同的幀。在內部，這用於區分執行太多工作以至於超過16ms預算的幀和由於前一幀超過16ms預算而導致被停止的幀。
11.SYNC_START
繪圖同步階段開始的時間。
如果此時間與ISSUE_DRAW_COMMANDS_START之間的時間很長（> 0.4ms左右），則通常表示已繪制了許多必須上傳到GPU的新位圖。
要了解有關同步階段的更多信息，請查看 Profile GPU Rendering 視頻。
12.ISSUE_DRAW_COMMANDS_START
硬件渲染器開始向GPU發出繪圖命令的時間。
計算FRAME_COMPLETED - ISSUE_DRAW_COMMANDS_START的值，可以大致了解app生成多少GPU工作。這里會出現很多過度繪制或低效的渲染效果等問題。
13.SWAP_BUFFERS
調用eglSwapBuffers的時間，在平台工作之外相對無用。
14.FRAME_COMPLETED
幀的結束時間戳。可以通過執行FRAME_COMPLETED - INTENDED_VSYNC來計算在此幀上工作的總時間。
15.DequeueBufferDuration和QueueBufferDuration
我測試的是Android 8.0版本，除了以上14列數據外，還有2列數據——DequeueBufferDuration和QueueBufferDuration，這2列數據在官方文檔中沒有提及，估計是后來新加的。
你可以用不同的方式使用這些數據。例如下面的直方圖，顯示不同幀時間的分布（FRAME_COMPLETED - INTENDED_VSYNC）。
這個圖表一目了然地告訴我們，大多數幀都非常好——大多數的幀耗時都遠低於16ms（用紅色表示），但幾幀明顯超過了16ms。隨着時間的推移，我們可以查看此直方圖中的變化，以查看批量變化或新創建的異常值。您還可以根據數據中的許多時間戳來繪制出輸入延遲，布局花費的時間或其他類似的感興趣度量。
三 幀耗時數據的獲取
如果在開發人員選項中將配置文件Profile GPU rendering為In adb shell dumpsys gfxinfo，該命令將打印出最近120幀耗時信息，並將其分成幾個不同的類別，可以直觀地顯示各部分的快慢。
與上面的framestats類似，將它粘貼到我們選擇的電子表格工具，或者使用腳本進行收集和解析非常簡單。下圖顯示了app生成的許多幀耗時的細分。
此結果可以通過運行gfxinfo，復制輸出，將其粘貼到電子表格工具中，並將數據繪制為直方圖獲取。
每個垂直條代表一幀動畫，它的高度表示計算動畫幀所用的毫秒數。條形圖的每個彩色部分代表渲染管道的不同階段，因此您可以看到app的哪些部分可能會產生瓶頸。有關了解渲染管道以及如何對其進行優化的詳細信息，請查看 Invalidations Layouts and Performance 視頻。
四 控制統計信息的收集
framestats和簡單的幀耗時信息都是在非常短的時間內收集數據——大約2s收集一次（一次120幀，一幀16ms，耗時約2s）。為了精確控制此時間窗口，例如，將數據限制為特定的動畫，您可以重置所有計數器，並重新聚合統計信息。
adb shell dumpsys gfxinfo <PACKAGE_NAME> reset
這也可以與dumps命令一起使用，以常規節奏進行收集和重置，連續獲得少於2s的幀數據。
五 如何診斷性能問題
dumpsys能發現問題或者判斷問題的嚴重性，但無法定位真正的原因。如果要定位原因並找到解決它們的適當方法，強烈建議使用systrace工具。
六 其他資源
有關Android渲染管道如何工作的更多信息，您可以在以下找到常見的問題以及如何解決這些問題，下面某些資源可能對您有用：
- Rendering Performance 101
- Why 60fps?
- Android, UI, and the GPU
- Invalidations, Layouts, and Performance
- Analyzing UI Performance with Systrace
七 自動化UI性能測試
UI性能測試的其中一種方法是簡單地讓人類測試員在目標app上執行一組用戶操作，並且可視地查找問題，或者使用工具驅動的方法花費大量時間來查找問題。但是這種手動方法充滿了危險——人類感知幀速率變化的能力差別很大，而且這也是耗時，乏味且容易出錯的。
更有效的方法是從自動化UI測試中記錄和分析關鍵性能指標。Android 6.0包含新的日志記錄功能，可以輕松確定app動畫中jank的數量和嚴重程度，並可用於構建嚴格的流程來確定當前的性能並跟蹤未來的性能目標。
要了解有關Android性能測試的更多信息，請查看 Automated Performance Testing Codelab 。您將學習如何編寫和執行自動化測試並查看結果，以了解如何提高app性能。
補充
以上是我對官方文檔的一些理解翻譯，下面是另外的補充（摘自http://www.importnew.com/3784.html ）。
Gfxinfo工具是Android4.1引入的，可以在開發者工具中看到新添加的一項“Profile GPU rendering”（GPU渲染分析）。如果在Android 4.2 及以上設備上看不見開發者選項，可以在“關於手機”的界面底部，單擊“版本號”7次。
勾選Profile GPU rendering選項后，即可操作需要測試的界面。在終端運行下面命令：
>adb shell dumpsys gfxinfo <package_name>
在產生的日志中，你會發現一段標記為“Profile”的毫秒量級的數據。這段數據包含了一個有三列數據的表，應用的每個window（窗口）都有一個這樣 的表。為了使用這個數據，你可以簡單的將這個表拷到你最喜歡的電子制表軟件中，從而生成一個數據堆疊的列圖。以下這個圖就是我的測量結果。
每一列給出了每一幀花在渲染上的時間估計：
“Draw”是指Java層用在創建“display lists”（顯示列表）上的時間。它表明運行例如View.onDraw(Canvas)需要多少時間。
“Process”是指Android 2D渲染引擎用在執行“display lists”上的時間。你的UI層級（hierarchy）中的View數量越多，需要執行的繪畫命令就越多。
“Execute”是指將一幀圖像交給合成器（compositor）的時間。這部分占用的時間通常比較少。
提醒：要以60fps的幀率進行平滑的渲染，每一幀所占用的時間需要少於16ms。
關於“Execute”:
如果Excute花費很多時間，這就意味着你跑在了系統繪圖流水線的前面。Android在運行狀態時最多可以用3塊緩存，如果此時你的應用還需要一塊緩 存，那應用就會被阻塞直到三塊中的一塊緩存被釋放。這種情況的發生一般有兩個原因。第一個原因是你的應用在Dalvik(java虛擬機)端畫的太快，而在它的Display list在GPU端執行太慢。第二個原因是你的應用花費太多時間在前幾幀的渲染上，一旦流水線滿了，它就跟不上，直到動畫的完成。這些是我們想在下一個版本的Android改進的地方。
以上這個圖明顯的證實了我的疑慮：這個應用在大部分時間運行良好，但某些時候會發生丟幀。
更多請查看：
英文原文：Android Performance Case Study
譯文地址: http://www.importnew.com/3784.html 編譯：ImportNew - 孫立
我的測試實踐（honor 8，Android 8.0，知乎應用）
在“開發人員選項”中勾選“GPU呈現模式分析”下的“在屏幕上呈現為條形圖”，然后執行命令
>adb shell dumpsys gfxinfo com.zhihu.android > E:/log/zhihu-tiaoxingtu.txt
輸出結果如下所示
Applications Graphics Acceleration Info: Uptime: 2146035727 Realtime: 3258300362 ** Graphics info for pid 5566 [com.zhihu.android] ** Stats since: 2145917787705821ns Total frames rendered: 1542 Janky frames: 414 (26.85%) 50th percentile: 13ms 90th percentile: 24ms 95th percentile: 30ms 99th percentile: 69ms Number Missed Vsync: 27 Number High input latency: 8 Number Slow UI thread: 256 Number Slow bitmap uploads: 10 Number Slow issue draw commands: 140 HISTOGRAM: 5ms=35 6ms=89 7ms=79 8ms=113 9ms=80 10ms=85 11ms=125 12ms=136 13ms=119 14ms=108 15ms=104 16ms=70 17ms=78 18ms=52 19ms=40 20ms=19 21ms=18 22ms=19 23ms=14 24ms=14 25ms=19 26ms=11 27ms=11 28ms=11 29ms=9 30ms=15 31ms=7 32ms=9 34ms=10 36ms=2 38ms=2 40ms=4 42ms=4 44ms=2 46ms=0 48ms=5 53ms=3 57ms=2 61ms=1 65ms=2 69ms=2 73ms=1 77ms=1 81ms=1 85ms=0 89ms=2 93ms=0 97ms=0 101ms=0 105ms=0 109ms=0 113ms=0 117ms=1 121ms=0 125ms=0 129ms=0 133ms=0 150ms=5 200ms=0 250ms=0 300ms=0 350ms=3 400ms=0 450ms=0 500ms=0 550ms=0 600ms=0 650ms=0 700ms=0 750ms=0 800ms=0 850ms=0 900ms=0 950ms=0 1000ms=0 1050ms=0 1100ms=0 1150ms=0 1200ms=0 1250ms=0 1300ms=0 1350ms=0 1400ms=0 1450ms=0 1500ms=0 1550ms=0 1600ms=0 1650ms=0 1700ms=0 1750ms=0 1800ms=0 1850ms=0 1900ms=0 1950ms=0 2000ms=0 2050ms=0 2100ms=0 2150ms=0 2200ms=0 2250ms=0 2300ms=0 2350ms=0 2400ms=0 2450ms=0 2500ms=0 2550ms=0 2600ms=0 2650ms=0 2700ms=0 2750ms=0 2800ms=0 2850ms=0 2900ms=0 2950ms=0 3000ms=0 3050ms=0 3100ms=0 3150ms=0 3200ms=0 3250ms=0 3300ms=0 3350ms=0 3400ms=0 3450ms=0 3500ms=0 3550ms=0 3600ms=0 3650ms=0 3700ms=0 3750ms=0 3800ms=0 3850ms=0 3900ms=0 3950ms=0 4000ms=0 4050ms=0 4100ms=0 4150ms=0 4200ms=0 4250ms=0 4300ms=0 4350ms=0 4400ms=0 4450ms=0 4500ms=0 4550ms=0 4600ms=0 4650ms=0 4700ms=0 4750ms=0 4800ms=0 4850ms=0 4900ms=0 4950ms=0 Caches: Current memory usage / total memory usage (bytes): TextureCache 0 / 75497472 Layers total 0 (numLayers = 0) RenderBufferCache 0 / 8388608 GradientCache 0 / 1048576 PathCache 0 / 33554432 TessellationCache 0 / 1048576 TextDropShadowCache 0 / 6291456 PatchCache 0 / 0 FontRenderer doesn't exist. Other: FboCache 0 / 2 Total memory usage: 0 bytes, 0.00 MB Pipeline=FrameBuilder Profile data in ms: com.zhihu.android/com.zhihu.android.app.ui.activity.MainActivity/android.view.ViewRootImpl@108398b (visibility=8) Draw Prepare Process Execute 1.91 0.74 6.35 1.76 10.42 0.73 4.52 1.77 1.95 0.70 9.78 2.12 1.96 0.92 6.02 1.93 1.88 1.06 6.16 2.58 2.47 1.02 5.39 2.25 2.53 1.04 5.44 2.33 2.75 1.00 7.00 2.66 2.57 1.13 6.21 2.44 6.08 1.58 5.28 3.58 3.90 1.83 8.05 4.41 3.47 1.49 7.00 3.30 3.97 1.08 4.25 2.31 2.33 0.78 4.12 2.26 1.96 0.74 5.42 1.86 1.72 1.10 4.63 1.67 1.63 0.73 4.36 1.62 1.42 0.86 4.90 2.01 6.32 1.36 8.52 3.01 4.55 1.10 6.42 3.72 8.18 0.88 5.40 2.71 4.24 0.86 4.11 2.04 6.11 0.91 3.77 1.84 5.22 0.72 6.50 1.87 4.18 0.41 4.23 1.72 4.13 0.87 3.94 1.90 3.62 0.96 7.41 2.03 4.59 0.85 3.77 1.84 4.83 0.72 3.96 2.01 5.37 0.71 3.70 1.68 3.41 0.96 4.24 1.72 3.46 0.83 4.55 1.88 2.98 0.70 4.81 1.85 3.52 0.94 4.27 2.03 5.36 0.70 3.82 1.71 3.38 0.93 4.13 1.71 6.01 1.25 5.89 2.92 7.39 1.17 9.01 2.68 9.79 1.31 16.11 4.10 9.81 0.75 14.20 3.72 13.28 1.77 11.97 3.82 14.87 1.91 10.70 7.43 31.82 0.99 8.60 2.06 8.42 0.78 6.58 1.83 4.38 0.81 5.54 1.96 3.81 0.85 5.48 1.89 3.80 1.14 5.76 1.80 3.67 1.20 5.35 1.75 4.29 0.81 5.80 1.96 4.37 0.99 5.40 2.02 5.10 0.77 5.39 1.80 3.99 1.02 5.17 1.99 4.20 0.94 5.11 1.75 2.96 0.75 6.41 1.70 2.93 0.93 5.80 1.79 2.78 0.82 7.04 1.93 3.59 1.07 5.77 1.84 4.14 1.06 6.67 2.47 6.35 1.04 6.82 2.57 5.84 1.05 6.16 2.55 3.75 1.24 7.44 2.63 6.43 1.01 6.59 2.64 3.73 1.51 6.78 2.54 4.93 1.07 6.83 2.50 6.09 1.06 7.38 2.52 4.30 1.31 7.37 2.54 4.07 1.09 9.62 3.96 8.27 1.37 8.60 4.31 3.74 0.93 8.39 12.89 7.61 0.83 7.47 1.83 14.74 0.82 6.05 1.87 6.52 0.82 5.43 2.08 5.62 0.76 5.48 1.82 5.92 0.76 10.58 2.19 5.00 0.78 8.08 1.93 50.00 2.83 6.46 2.16 50.00 0.88 7.23 1.83 3.61 0.93 7.27 1.74 3.64 1.20 5.32 2.14 4.41 0.76 5.32 2.38 3.75 0.97 6.22 2.54 4.74 0.97 5.53 3.06 3.52 0.87 6.68 2.13 5.56 0.73 5.31 1.80 4.21 0.79 5.67 1.88 3.26 0.87 6.81 2.21 5.62 0.70 5.67 1.88 3.34 0.73 6.64 2.05 3.62 0.84 5.82 2.14 5.01 6.90 5.13 2.01 4.37 0.82 7.01 1.73 4.90 0.75 4.13 1.76 4.53 0.96 4.06 1.80 3.60 0.98 4.39 1.83 3.92 0.84 4.29 1.72 4.43 0.90 4.49 1.91 3.58 1.09 5.63 1.64 3.46 0.92 5.69 1.64 8.53 0.84 8.19 3.02 10.41 1.29 10.69 3.59 9.71 1.14 13.76 2.70 7.31 1.05 8.99 2.71 6.50 1.15 7.68 3.57 6.37 1.14 8.01 1.90 8.11 0.80 6.61 1.98 4.42 1.27 5.92 2.16 4.33 0.89 5.49 1.91 5.70 0.78 5.39 1.93 3.97 0.98 5.59 1.80 3.72 0.87 5.68 1.73 6.03 0.77 5.77 1.66 5.60 0.75 5.52 1.73 4.02 0.90 5.65 1.68 2.98 0.97 6.31 2.15 3.04 0.92 6.31 1.73 2.77 1.07 6.36 1.84 3.43 0.87 7.68 1.99 4.85 0.91 6.15 1.97 1.33 0.83 9.52 2.77 26.07 0.79 4.95 1.70 com.zhihu.android/com.zhihu.android.app.ui.activity.QAHostActivity/android.view.ViewRootImpl@e8b0a68 (visibility=4) Draw Prepare Process Execute 10.08 0.40 6.08 1.59 5.85 0.38 4.19 1.48 5.09 0.39 6.83 1.56 5.52 0.44 6.03 1.95 6.77 0.41 4.90 1.93 5.14 0.39 7.49 1.62 5.88 0.38 4.92 2.51 5.34 0.43 6.99 2.03 5.62 0.41 5.14 1.72 5.03 0.43 6.06 1.57 5.59 0.39 5.34 1.63 5.46 0.41 6.60 1.52 5.51 0.40 5.12 1.72 4.76 0.48 4.89 1.74 4.74 0.40 6.06 1.37 5.19 0.51 5.25 1.71 4.91 0.49 9.86 1.84 7.42 0.40 10.30 3.85 6.09 0.44 5.23 1.80 5.21 0.49 6.40 1.94 6.46 1.02 7.08 1.80 5.82 0.40 5.14 2.84 6.78 0.49 7.34 1.79 6.45 0.52 5.45 1.70 6.77 0.40 6.02 2.34 7.03 0.44 6.94 1.49 5.37 0.40 6.11 1.77 4.93 0.41 5.20 1.60 7.17 0.42 5.50 1.80 7.51 0.44 6.28 2.01 5.46 0.43 6.50 1.62 5.17 0.41 5.54 1.88 5.64 0.39 5.46 1.67 4.75 0.41 4.92 1.66 4.75 0.39 6.11 1.57 6.58 0.44 4.82 1.78 4.86 0.43 5.02 1.63 4.60 0.41 5.29 1.66 4.86 0.39 5.30 1.71 4.61 0.53 5.00 1.67 5.79 0.38 4.94 1.87 5.52 0.51 4.91 1.74 4.78 1.31 4.86 1.65 4.70 0.40 6.72 1.73 4.82 0.41 4.96 1.73 4.77 0.39 6.11 1.56 6.67 0.40 4.79 1.70 4.87 0.41 5.19 1.87 4.86 0.39 5.01 1.83 4.48 0.40 6.47 1.73 4.70 0.41 5.73 1.87 4.62 0.42 6.22 1.58 4.99 0.40 5.42 1.67 5.31 0.39 5.99 1.56 5.11 0.42 6.53 2.21 7.55 0.60 6.59 2.67 7.40 0.56 6.90 2.70 7.03 0.73 8.17 3.97 9.59 0.55 7.83 5.02 10.94 0.51 5.59 1.93 6.82 0.42 7.59 4.42 6.94 0.42 5.58 1.99 8.14 0.41 5.70 1.76 4.83 0.41 5.52 1.70 5.86 0.46 5.65 1.91 7.27 0.51 5.21 1.81 6.47 0.42 5.55 1.83 8.56 0.38 6.93 2.05 7.47 0.41 6.60 2.52 8.12 0.39 5.20 2.57 5.19 0.43 6.40 1.77 7.75 0.39 5.08 1.77 6.31 0.42 5.33 1.95 6.47 0.25 5.25 1.78 6.56 0.39 5.24 1.66 4.79 0.42 4.99 1.70 5.12 0.41 4.61 1.88 5.62 0.40 4.90 1.59 5.50 0.40 5.95 1.85 6.09 0.32 4.85 1.65 2.75 0.31 6.37 1.92 2.58 0.31 4.46 2.14 6.91 0.28 10.89 3.26 5.69 0.31 4.53 2.17 1.72 0.29 6.18 1.61 1.88 0.97 5.62 1.67 1.70 0.30 6.53 1.79 1.81 0.97 5.45 1.72 1.67 0.29 6.64 1.67 1.74 0.28 6.39 1.67 1.75 0.75 5.72 1.69 1.72 0.30 6.45 1.65 1.71 0.37 6.34 2.07 1.75 0.60 6.01 1.70 1.73 0.29 6.53 1.67 1.68 0.29 6.50 1.87 1.26 0.32 7.00 1.71 7.10 0.49 12.71 3.40 19.43 0.43 6.42 2.08 15.03 0.68 6.03 3.95 10.45 0.48 5.02 1.88 8.49 0.43 5.51 2.24 8.16 0.41 4.97 2.09 7.87 0.42 5.48 1.83 2.81 0.36 6.43 1.98 7.57 1.22 19.97 14.92 6.90 1.83 14.12 6.48 19.60 0.47 6.10 2.57 3.95 0.43 11.00 2.01 2.60 0.30 12.31 1.85 2.38 0.36 14.06 1.99 1.87 0.31 14.93 2.01 1.92 0.41 4.41 2.10 2.92 0.39 6.54 3.33 2.47 0.40 6.45 2.62 3.33 0.46 6.54 2.86 3.57 0.60 6.58 2.77 3.28 0.44 6.73 2.29 2.09 0.35 5.05 1.94 1.91 0.45 5.65 2.17 View hierarchy: com.zhihu.android/com.zhihu.android.app.ui.activity.MainActivity/android.view.ViewRootImpl@108398b 307 views, 242.24 kB of display lists com.zhihu.android/com.zhihu.android.app.ui.activity.QAHostActivity/android.view.ViewRootImpl@e8b0a68 82 views, 64.70 kB of display lists Total ViewRootImpl: 2 Total Views: 389 Total DisplayList: 306.95 kB
然后我發現在“Profile”中有4列數據：Draw Prepare Process Execute。比上述多了一列Prepare，估計是新版本增加的？暫時還未研究。
