1、先在centos上安裝mariadb
yum install mariadb mariadb-server
2、設置mariadb開機啟動
[root@localhost ~]#systemctl enable mariadb
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mariadb.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service
3、准備安裝多實例的文件夾
mkdir /usr/dbs mkdir /usr/dbs/databases mkdir /usr/dbs/databases/{3307,3308,3308,3310} mkdir /usr/dbs/{etc,bin,socket} #為路徑授權，以免后期操作出現權限問題 chmod -R 777 /usr/dbs
4、安裝多實例
mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr --datadir=/user/dbs/databases/3307 --user=mysql
mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr --datadir=/usr/dbs/databases/3307 --user=mysql mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr --datadir=/usr/dbs/databases/3308 --user=mysql mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr --datadir=/usr/dbs/databases/3309 --user=mysql mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr --datadir=/usr/dbs/databases/3310 --user=mysql
其中的參數--basedir是指定了安裝 MySQL 的安裝路徑，--datadir是指即將安裝到的數據庫文件目錄，如果不知道--basedir該怎么填，可以登錄進mysql后查詢：
show variables like '%basedir%';
--user是指mysql實例將使用的在linux系統中的用戶，最好命名為mysql，yum安裝后一般都有這個用戶，如果沒有可以自主創建：
groupadd mysql
adduser -g mysql mysql
5、查看數據庫文件是否安裝成功
ls /usr/dbs/databases/3307
aria_log.00000001 aria_log_control mysql performance_schema test
如果文件夾中有文件則說明創建成功
6、創建共用配置文件
mkdir /usr/dbs/etc/my.cnf.d/
7、vi /usr/dbs/etc/my.cnf.d/my.cnf
8、
[mysqld] skip-name-resolve lower_case_table_names=1 innodb_file_per_table=1 back_log = 50 max_connections = 300 max_connect_errors = 1000 table_open_cache = 2048 max_allowed_packet = 16M binlog_cache_size = 2M max_heap_table_size = 64M sort_buffer_size = 2M join_buffer_size = 2M thread_cache_size = 64 thread_concurrency = 8 query_cache_size = 64M query_cache_limit = 2M ft_min_word_len = 4 default-storage-engine = innodb thread_stack = 192K transaction_isolation = REPEATABLE-READ tmp_table_size = 64M log-bin=mysql-bin binlog_format=mixed slow_query_log long_query_time = 1 server-id = 1 key_buffer_size = 8M read_buffer_size = 2M read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G myisam_repair_threads = 1 myisam_recover innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16M innodb_buffer_pool_size = 200M innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend innodb_file_io_threads = 8 innodb_thread_concurrency = 16 innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1 innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M innodb_log_file_size = 512M innodb_log_files_in_group = 3 innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 60 innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120 [mysqldump] quick max_allowed_packet = 256M [mysql] no-auto-rehash prompt=\\u@\\d \\R:\\m> [myisamchk] key_buffer_size = 512M sort_buffer_size = 512M read_buffer = 8M write_buffer = 8M [mysqlhotcopy] interactive-timeout [mysqld_safe] open-files-limit = 8192
有些參數需要根據自己服務器配置進行調整，否則磁盤或者內存可能不夠，我是在虛擬機上安裝的所以我的
innodb_buffer_pool_size 設置了50M內存，太大了虛擬機跑不起來。
8、創建各個實力的配置文件
vi /usr/dbs/etc/3307.cnf [client] port = 3307 socket = /usr/dbs/socket/mysql3307.sock [mysqld] datadir=/usr/dbs/databases/3307 port = 3307 socket = /usr/dbs/socket/mysql3307.sock !includedir /home/multiMysql/etc/my.cnf.d
依照上面的格式改變對應端口和路徑建立其他配置文件
9、編寫數據庫啟動文件
vi /usr/dbs/bin/mysql.sh
#!/bin/bash mysql_port=$2 mysql_username="root" mysql_password="" function_start_mysql() { printf "Starting MySQL...\n" mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/usr/dbs/etc/${mysql_port}.cnf 2>&1 > /dev/null & } function_stop_mysql() { printf "Stoping MySQL...\n" mysqladmin -u ${mysql_username} -p${mysql_password} -S /usr/dbs/socket/mysql${mysql_port}.sock shutdown } function_restart_mysql() { printf "Restarting MySQL...\n" function_stop_mysql function_start_mysql } function_kill_mysql() { kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep 'bin/mysqld_safe' | grep ${mysql_port} | awk '{printf $2}') kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep 'libexec/mysqld' | grep ${mysql_port} | awk '{printf $2}') } case $1 in start) function_start_mysql;; stop) function_stop_mysql;; kill) function_kill_mysql;; restart) function_stop_mysql function_start_mysql;; *) esac
賦予可執行權限
chmod +x /usr/dbs/bin/mysql.sh
10、編寫啟動腳本調用啟動文件
vi /usr/dbs/bin/runall.sh
#!/bin/bash /usr/dbs/bin/mysql.sh start 3307 /usr/dbs/bin/mysql.sh start 3308 /usr/dbs/bin/mysql.sh start 3309 /usr/dbs/bin/mysql.sh start 3310 /usr/dbs/bin/mysql.sh start 3311
賦予執行權限
chmod +x /usr/dbs/bin/runall.sh
11、運行 /usr/dbs/bin/runall.sh start
停止的是要輸入端口 然后輸入密碼
/usr/dbs/binmysl.sh stop 3307
嘗試連接數據庫
mysql -u root -S /usr/dbs/socket/mysql3307.sock
回車直接進入數據
12、賦權遠程登錄
登錄數據庫然后執行如下命令：
MariaDB [(none)]> grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by '123456' with grant option; MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges;
為了安全也可以新建用戶，不適用root。
13、將腳本加入啟動腳本
vi /etc/init.d/runall.sh
#!/bin/bash # chkconfig: 2345 10 90 # description: 啟動mysql /usr/dbs/bin/mysql.sh start 3307 /usr/dbs/bin/mysql.sh start 3308 /usr/dbs/bin/mysql.sh start 3309 /usr/dbs/bin/mysql.sh start 3310 /usr/dbs/bin/mysql.sh start 3311
chmod +x /etc/init.d/runall.sh
chkconfig --add autostart.sh chkconfig autostart.sh on
這樣就可以開機啟動了
開機啟動腳本中
# chkconfig: 2345 10 90 # description: 啟動mysql 這兩行是很重要的沒有這兩行無法加入自動啟動