git忽略除指定文件/指定后綴名文件外的文件

不需要從頭寫.gitignore文件，GitHub已經為我們准備了各種配置文件，只需要組合一下就可以使用了。所有配置文件可以直接在線瀏覽：https://github.com/github/gitignore

舉個例子：

假設你在Windows下進行Python開發，Windows會自動在有圖片的目錄下生成隱藏的縮略圖文件，如果有自定義目錄，目錄下就會有Desktop.ini文件，因此你需要忽略Windows自動生成的垃圾文件：

# Windows: Thumbs.db ehthumbs.db Desktop.ini 

然后，繼續忽略Python編譯產生的.pyc、.pyo、dist等文件或目錄：

# Python: *.py[cod] *.so *.egg *.egg-info dist build 

加上你自己定義的文件，最終得到一個完整的.gitignore文件，內容如下：

# Windows: Thumbs.db ehthumbs.db Desktop.ini # Python: *.py[cod] *.so *.egg *.egg-info dist build # My configurations: db.ini deploy_key_rsa 

最后一步就是把.gitignore也提交到Git，就完成了！當然檢驗.gitignore的標准是git status命令是不是說working directory clean。

使用Windows的童鞋注意了，如果你在資源管理器里新建一個.gitignore文件，它會非常弱智地提示你必須輸入文件名，但是在文本編輯器里“保存”或者“另存為”就可以把文件保存為.gitignore了。

有些時候，你想添加一個文件到Git，但發現添加不了，原因是這個文件被.gitignore忽略了：

$ git add App.class The following paths are ignored by one of your .gitignore files: App.class Use -f if you really want to add them. 

如果你確實想添加該文件，可以用-f強制添加到Git：

$ git add -f App.class 

或者你發現，可能是.gitignore寫得有問題，需要找出來到底哪個規則寫錯了，可以用git check-ignore命令檢查：

$ git check-ignore -v App.class .gitignore:3:*.class App.class 

Git會告訴我們，.gitignore的第3行規則忽略了該文件，於是我們就可以知道應該修訂哪個規則。

小結

• 忽略某些文件時，需要編寫.gitignore；

• .gitignore文件本身要放到版本庫里，並且可以對.gitignore做版本管理！

gitignore文件：

## Ignore Visual Studio temporary files, build results, and
## files generated by popular Visual Studio add-ons.

# User-specific files
*.suo
*.user
*.userosscache
*.sln.docstates

project.lock.json

nugetpack.sh

# User-specific files (MonoDevelop/Xamarin Studio)
*.userprefs
[Oo]utput/
[Ss]piders/
[Pp]ackages/
# Build results
[Dd]ebug/
[Dd]ebugPublic/
[Rr]elease/
[Rr]eleases/
x64/
x86/
build/
bld/
[Bb]in/
[Oo]bj/

# Visual Studo 2015 cache/options directory
.vs/

# MSTest test Results
[Tt]est[Rr]esult*/
[Bb]uild[Ll]og.*

# NUNIT
*.VisualState.xml
TestResult.xml

# Build Results of an ATL Project
[Dd]ebugPS/
[Rr]eleasePS/
dlldata.c

*_i.c
*_p.c
*_i.h
*.ilk
*.meta
*.obj
*.pch
*.pdb
*.pgc
*.pgd
*.rsp
*.sbr
*.tlb
*.tli
*.tlh
*.tmp
*.tmp_proj
*.log
*.vspscc
*.vssscc
.builds
*.pidb
*.svclog
*.scc

# Chutzpah Test files
_Chutzpah*

# Visual C++ cache files
ipch/
*.aps
*.ncb
*.opensdf
*.sdf
*.cachefile

# Visual Studio profiler
*.psess
*.vsp
*.vspx

# TFS 2012 Local Workspace
$tf/

# Guidance Automation Toolkit
*.gpState

# ReSharper is a .NET coding add-in
_ReSharper*/
*.[Rr]e[Ss]harper
*.DotSettings.user

# JustCode is a .NET coding addin-in
.JustCode

# TeamCity is a build add-in
_TeamCity*

# DotCover is a Code Coverage Tool
*.dotCover

# NCrunch
_NCrunch_*
.*crunch*.local.xml

# MightyMoose
*.mm.*
AutoTest.Net/

# Web workbench (sass)
.sass-cache/

# Installshield output folder
[Ee]xpress/

# DocProject is a documentation generator add-in
DocProject/buildhelp/
DocProject/Help/*.HxT
DocProject/Help/*.HxC
DocProject/Help/*.hhc
DocProject/Help/*.hhk
DocProject/Help/*.hhp
DocProject/Help/Html2
DocProject/Help/html

# Click-Once directory
publish/

# Publish Web Output
*.[Pp]ublish.xml
*.azurePubxml
# TODO: Comment the next line if you want to checkin your web deploy settings 
# but database connection strings (with potential passwords) will be unencrypted
*.pubxml
*.publishproj

# NuGet Packages
*.nupkg
# The packages folder can be ignored because of Package Restore
**/packages/*
# except build/, which is used as an MSBuild target.
!**/packages/build/
# Uncomment if necessary however generally it will be regenerated when needed
#!**/packages/repositories.config

# Windows Azure Build Output
csx/
*.build.csdef

# Windows Store app package directory
AppPackages/

# Others
*.[Cc]ache
ClientBin/
[Ss]tyle[Cc]op.*
~$*
*~
*.dbmdl
*.dbproj.schemaview
*.pfx
*.publishsettings
node_modules/
bower_components/

# RIA/Silverlight projects
Generated_Code/

# Backup & report files from converting an old project file
# to a newer Visual Studio version. Backup files are not needed,
# because we have git ;-)
_UpgradeReport_Files/
Backup*/
UpgradeLog*.XML
UpgradeLog*.htm

# SQL Server files
*.mdf
*.ldf

# Business Intelligence projects
*.rdl.data
*.bim.layout
*.bim_*.settings

# Microsoft Fakes
FakesAssemblies/

# Node.js Tools for Visual Studio
.ntvs_analysis.dat

# Visual Studio 6 build log
*.plg

# Visual Studio 6 workspace options file
*.opt

# idea ignore
.idea/
*.ipr
*.iml
*.iws

# system ignore
.DS_Store
Thumbs.db
 

 

1、環境

Windows XP SP3 + TortoiseGit + msysGit

2、ignore files的三種方法

以下涉及的ignore文件均為如下格式：

#以'#'開始的行，被視為注釋.

#忽略掉所有文件名是foo.txt的文件.

foo.txt

#忽略所有生成的html文件,

*.html

# foo.html是手工維護的，所以例外.

!foo.html

#忽略所有.o和.a文件.

*.[oa]

 

# 忽略*.o和*.a文件

*.[oa]

# 忽略*.b和*.B文件，my.b除外

*.[bB]

!my.b

# 忽略dbg文件和dbg目錄

dbg

# 只忽略dbg目錄，不忽略dbg文件

dbg/

# 只忽略dbg文件，不忽略dbg目錄

dbg

!dbg/

# 只忽略當前目錄下的dbg文件和目錄，子目錄的dbg不在忽略范圍內

/dbg

 

參考：https://www.liaoxuefeng.com/wiki/0013739516305929606dd18361248578c67b8067c8c017b000/0013758404317281e54b6f5375640abbb11e67be4cd49e0000