【SpringCloud】Zuul在何種情況下使用Hystrix


首先,引入spring-cloud-starter-zuul之后會間接引入:


hystrix依賴已經引入,那么何種情況下使用hystrix呢?

在Zuul的自動配置類ZuulServerAutoConfigurationZuulProxyAutoConfiguration中總共會向Spring容器注入3個Zuul的RouteFilter,分別是

  • SimpleHostRoutingFilter

    簡單路由,通過HttpClient向預定的URL發送請求

    生效條件:

    RequestContext.getCurrentContext().getRouteHost() != null
    ​ && RequestContext.getCurrentContext().sendZuulResponse()

    1、RequestContext中的routeHost不為空,routeHost就是URL,即使用URL直連

    2、RequestContext中的sendZuulResponse為true,即是否將response發送給客戶端,默認為true

  • RibbonRoutingFilter

    使用Ribbon、Hystrix和可插入的http客戶端發送請求

    生效條件:

    (RequestContext.getRouteHost() == null && RequestContext.get(SERVICE_ID_KEY) != null
    ​ && RequestContext.sendZuulResponse())

    1、RequestContext中的routeHost為空,即URL為空

    2、RequestContext中的serviceId不為空

    3、RequestContext中的sendZuulResponse為true,即是否將response發送給客戶端,默認為true

  • SendForwardFilter

    forward到本地URL

    生效條件:

    RequestContext.containsKey(FORWARD_TO_KEY)
    ​ && !RequestContext.getBoolean(SEND_FORWARD_FILTER_RAN, false)

    1、RequestContext中包含FORWARD_TO_KEY,即URL使用 forward: 映射

    2、RequestContext中SEND_FORWARD_FILTER_RAN為false,SEND_FORWARD_FILTER_RAN意為“send forward是否運行過了”,在SendForwardFilter#run()時會ctx.set(SEND_FORWARD_FILTER_RAN, true)

綜上所述,在使用serviceId映射的方法路由轉發的時候,會使用Ribbon+Hystrix


而哪種路由配置方式是“URL映射”,哪種配置方式又是“serviceId映射”呢?

Zuul有一個前置過濾器PreDecorationFilter用於通過RouteLocator路由定位器決定在何時以何種方式路由轉發

RouteLocator是用於通過請求地址匹配到Route路由的,之后PreDecorationFilter再通過Route信息設置RequestContext上下文,決定后續使用哪個RouteFilter做路由轉發

所以就引出以下問題:

  • 什么是Route
  • RouteLocator路由定位器如何根據請求路徑匹配路由
  • 匹配到路由后,PreDecorationFilter如何設置RequestContext請求上下文

什么是Route

我總共見到兩個和Route相關的類

ZuulProperties.ZuulRoute,用於和zuul配置文件關聯,保存相關信息

org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.filters.Route, RouteLocator找到的路由信息就是這個類,用於路由轉發

public static class ZuulRoute {
    private String id;    //ZuulRoute的id
    private String path;  //路由的pattern,如 /foo/**
    private String serviceId;  //要映射到此路由的服務id
    private String url;   //要映射到路由的完整物理URL
    private boolean stripPrefix = true;  //用於確定在轉發之前是否應剝離此路由前綴的標志位
    private Boolean retryable;  //此路由是否可以重試,通常重試需要serviceId和ribbon
    private Set<String> sensitiveHeaders = new LinkedHashSet(); //不會傳遞給下游請求的敏感標頭列表
    private boolean customSensitiveHeaders = false; //是否自定義了敏感頭列表
}
public class Route {
    private String id;
	private String fullPath;
	private String path;
	private String location;  //可能是 url 或 serviceId
	private String prefix;
	private Boolean retryable;
	private Set<String> sensitiveHeaders = new LinkedHashSet<>();
	private boolean customSensitiveHeaders;
}

可以看到org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.filters.RouteZuulProperties.ZuulRoute基本一致,只是Route用於路由轉發定位的屬性location根據不同的情況,可能是一個具體的URL,可能是一個serviceId


RouteLocator路由定位器如何根據請求路徑匹配路由

Zuul在自動配置加載時注入了2個RouteLocator

  • CompositeRouteLocator: 組合的RouteLocator,在getMatchingRoute()時會依次調用其它的RouteLocator,先找到先返回;CompositeRouteLocator的routeLocators集合中只有DiscoveryClientRouteLocator
  • DiscoveryClientRouteLocator: 可以將靜態的、已配置的路由與來自DiscoveryClient服務發現的路由組合在一起,來自DiscoveryClient的路由優先;SimpleRouteLocator的子類(SimpleRouteLocator 基於加載到ZuulProperties中的配置定位Route路由信息)

其中CompositeRouteLocator是 @Primary 的,它是組合多個RouteLocator的Locator,其getMatchingRoute()方法會分別調用其它所有RouteLocator的getMatchingRoute()方法,通過請求路徑匹配路由信息,只要匹配到了就馬上返回

默認CompositeRouteLocator混合路由定位器的routeLocators只有一個DiscoveryClientRouteLocator,故只需分析DiscoveryClientRouteLocator#getMatchingRoute(path)

//----------DiscoveryClientRouteLocator是SimpleRouteLocator子類,其實是調用的SimpleRouteLocator##getMatchingRoute(path)
@Override
public Route getMatchingRoute(final String path) {
	return getSimpleMatchingRoute(path);
}

protected Route getSimpleMatchingRoute(final String path) {
	if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
		log.debug("Finding route for path: " + path);
	}

    // routes是保存路由信息的map,如果此時還未加載,調用locateRoutes()
	if (this.routes.get() == null) {
		this.routes.set(locateRoutes());
	}

	if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
		log.debug("servletPath=" + this.dispatcherServletPath);
		log.debug("zuulServletPath=" + this.zuulServletPath);
		log.debug("RequestUtils.isDispatcherServletRequest()="
				+ RequestUtils.isDispatcherServletRequest());
		log.debug("RequestUtils.isZuulServletRequest()="
				+ RequestUtils.isZuulServletRequest());
	}

    /**
     * 下面的方法主要是先對path做微調
     * 再根據path到routes中匹配到ZuulRoute
     * 最后根據 ZuulRoute 和 adjustedPath 生成 Route
     */
	String adjustedPath = adjustPath(path);

	ZuulRoute route = getZuulRoute(adjustedPath);

	return getRoute(route, adjustedPath);
}

下面我們來看看locateRoutes()是如何加載靜態的、已配置的路由與來自DiscoveryClient服務發現的路由的

//----------DiscoveryClientRouteLocator#locateRoutes()  服務發現路由定位器的locateRoutes()
@Override
protected LinkedHashMap<String, ZuulRoute> locateRoutes() {
    //保存ZuulRoute的LinkedHashMap
	LinkedHashMap<String, ZuulRoute> routesMap = new LinkedHashMap<String, ZuulRoute>();
    
    //調用父類SimpleRouteLocator#locateRoutes()
    //加載ZuulProperties中的所有配置文件中的路由信息
	routesMap.putAll(super.locateRoutes());
    
    //如果服務發現客戶端discovery存在
	if (this.discovery != null) {
        //將routesMap已經存在的配置文件中的ZuulRoute放入staticServices<serviceId, ZuulRoute>
		Map<String, ZuulRoute> staticServices = new LinkedHashMap<String, ZuulRoute>();
		for (ZuulRoute route : routesMap.values()) {
			String serviceId = route.getServiceId();
            
            //如果serviceId為null,以id作為serviceId,此情況適合 zuul.routes.xxxx=/xxxx/** 的情況
			if (serviceId == null) {
				serviceId = route.getId();
			}
			if (serviceId != null) {
				staticServices.put(serviceId, route);
			}
		}
        
        
		// Add routes for discovery services by default
		List<String> services = this.discovery.getServices(); //到注冊中心找到所有service
		String[] ignored = this.properties.getIgnoredServices()
				.toArray(new String[0]);
        
        //遍歷services
		for (String serviceId : services) {
			// Ignore specifically ignored services and those that were manually
			// configured
			String key = "/" + mapRouteToService(serviceId) + "/**";
            
            //如果注冊中心的serviceId在staticServices集合中,並且此路由沒有配置URL
            //那么,更新路由的location為serviceId
			if (staticServices.containsKey(serviceId)
					&& staticServices.get(serviceId).getUrl() == null) {
				// Explicitly configured with no URL, cannot be ignored
				// all static routes are already in routesMap
				// Update location using serviceId if location is null
				ZuulRoute staticRoute = staticServices.get(serviceId);
				if (!StringUtils.hasText(staticRoute.getLocation())) {
					staticRoute.setLocation(serviceId);
				}
			}
            
            //如果注冊中心的serviceId不在忽略范圍內,且routesMap中還沒有包含,添加到routesMap
			if (!PatternMatchUtils.simpleMatch(ignored, serviceId)
					&& !routesMap.containsKey(key)) {
				// Not ignored
				routesMap.put(key, new ZuulRoute(key, serviceId));
			}
		}
	}
    
    // 如果routesMap中有 /** 的默認路由配置
	if (routesMap.get(DEFAULT_ROUTE) != null) {
		ZuulRoute defaultRoute = routesMap.get(DEFAULT_ROUTE);
		// Move the defaultServiceId to the end
		routesMap.remove(DEFAULT_ROUTE);
		routesMap.put(DEFAULT_ROUTE, defaultRoute);
	}
    
    //將routesMap中的數據微調后,放到values<String, ZuulRoute>,返回
	LinkedHashMap<String, ZuulRoute> values = new LinkedHashMap<>();
	for (Entry<String, ZuulRoute> entry : routesMap.entrySet()) {
		String path = entry.getKey();
		// Prepend with slash if not already present.
		if (!path.startsWith("/")) {
			path = "/" + path;
		}
		if (StringUtils.hasText(this.properties.getPrefix())) {
			path = this.properties.getPrefix() + path;
			if (!path.startsWith("/")) {
				path = "/" + path;
			}
		}
		values.put(path, entry.getValue());
	}
    
	return values;
}

此方法運行后就已經加載了配置文件中所有路由信息,以及注冊中心中的服務路由信息,有的通過URL路由,有的通過serviceId路由

只需根據本次請求的requestURI與 路由的pattern匹配找到對應的路由


匹配到路由后,PreDecorationFilter如何設置RequestContext請求上下文

//----------PreDecorationFilter前置過濾器
@Override
public Object run() {
	RequestContext ctx = RequestContext.getCurrentContext();
	final String requestURI = this.urlPathHelper.getPathWithinApplication(ctx.getRequest());
	Route route = this.routeLocator.getMatchingRoute(requestURI); //找到匹配的路由
	//----------------到上面為止是已經分析過的,根據requestURI找到匹配的Route信息
    
    // ==== 匹配到路由信息
    if (route != null) {
		String location = route.getLocation();
		if (location != null) {
			ctx.put(REQUEST_URI_KEY, route.getPath());//RequestContext設置 requestURI:路由的pattern路徑
			ctx.put(PROXY_KEY, route.getId());//RequestContext設置 proxy:路由id
            
            //設置需要忽略的敏感頭信息,要么用全局默認的,要么用路由自定義的
			if (!route.isCustomSensitiveHeaders()) {
				this.proxyRequestHelper
						.addIgnoredHeaders(this.properties.getSensitiveHeaders().toArray(new String[0]));
			}
			else {
				this.proxyRequestHelper.addIgnoredHeaders(route.getSensitiveHeaders().toArray(new String[0]));
			}

            //設置重試信息
			if (route.getRetryable() != null) {
				ctx.put(RETRYABLE_KEY, route.getRetryable());
			}

            //如果location是 http/https開頭的,RequestContext設置 routeHost:URL
            //如果location是 forward:開頭的,RequestContext設置 forward信息、routeHost:null
            //其它 RequestContext設置 serviceId、routeHost:null、X-Zuul-ServiceId
			if (location.startsWith(HTTP_SCHEME+":") || location.startsWith(HTTPS_SCHEME+":")) {
				ctx.setRouteHost(getUrl(location));
				ctx.addOriginResponseHeader(SERVICE_HEADER, location);
			}
			else if (location.startsWith(FORWARD_LOCATION_PREFIX)) {
				ctx.set(FORWARD_TO_KEY,
						StringUtils.cleanPath(location.substring(FORWARD_LOCATION_PREFIX.length()) + route.getPath()));
				ctx.setRouteHost(null);
				return null;
			}
			else {
				// set serviceId for use in filters.route.RibbonRequest
				ctx.set(SERVICE_ID_KEY, location);
				ctx.setRouteHost(null);
				ctx.addOriginResponseHeader(SERVICE_ID_HEADER, location);
			}
            
            //是否添加代理頭信息 X-Forwarded-For
			if (this.properties.isAddProxyHeaders()) {
				addProxyHeaders(ctx, route);
				String xforwardedfor = ctx.getRequest().getHeader(X_FORWARDED_FOR_HEADER);
				String remoteAddr = ctx.getRequest().getRemoteAddr();
				if (xforwardedfor == null) {
					xforwardedfor = remoteAddr;
				}
				else if (!xforwardedfor.contains(remoteAddr)) { // Prevent duplicates
					xforwardedfor += ", " + remoteAddr;
				}
				ctx.addZuulRequestHeader(X_FORWARDED_FOR_HEADER, xforwardedfor);
			}
            
            //是否添加Host頭信息
			if (this.properties.isAddHostHeader()) {
				ctx.addZuulRequestHeader(HttpHeaders.HOST, toHostHeader(ctx.getRequest()));
			}
		}
	}
    // ==== 沒有匹配到路由信息
	else {
		log.warn("No route found for uri: " + requestURI);

		String fallBackUri = requestURI;
		String fallbackPrefix = this.dispatcherServletPath; // default fallback
															// servlet is
															// DispatcherServlet

		if (RequestUtils.isZuulServletRequest()) {
			// remove the Zuul servletPath from the requestUri
			log.debug("zuulServletPath=" + this.properties.getServletPath());
			fallBackUri = fallBackUri.replaceFirst(this.properties.getServletPath(), "");
			log.debug("Replaced Zuul servlet path:" + fallBackUri);
		}
		else {
			// remove the DispatcherServlet servletPath from the requestUri
			log.debug("dispatcherServletPath=" + this.dispatcherServletPath);
			fallBackUri = fallBackUri.replaceFirst(this.dispatcherServletPath, "");
			log.debug("Replaced DispatcherServlet servlet path:" + fallBackUri);
		}
		if (!fallBackUri.startsWith("/")) {
			fallBackUri = "/" + fallBackUri;
		}
		String forwardURI = fallbackPrefix + fallBackUri;
		forwardURI = forwardURI.replaceAll("//", "/");
		ctx.set(FORWARD_TO_KEY, forwardURI);
	}
	return null;
}

總結:

  • 只要引入了spring-cloud-starter-zuul就會間接引入Ribbon、Hystrix
  • 路由信息可能是從配置文件中加載的,也可能是通過DiscoveryClient從注冊中心加載的
  • zuul是通過前置過濾器PreDecorationFilter找到與當前requestURI匹配的路由信息,並在RequestContext中設置相關屬性的,后續的Route Filter會根據RequestContext中的這些屬性判斷如何路由轉發
  • Route Filter主要使用 SimpleHostRoutingFilter 和 RibbonRoutingFilter
  • 當RequestContext請求上下文中存在routeHost,即URL直連信息時,使用SimpleHostRoutingFilter簡單Host路由
  • 當RequestContext請求上下文中存在serviceId,即服務id時(可能會與注冊中心關聯獲取服務列表,或者讀取配置文件中serviceId.ribbon.listOfServers的服務列表),使用RibbonRoutingFilter,會使用Ribbon、Hystrix


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