最近買了個騰訊雲服務器，搭建環境。
該筆記用於系統上未裝過mysql的干凈系統第一次安裝mysql。自己指定安裝目錄，指定數據文件目錄。
linux系統版本： CentOS 7.3 64位
安裝源文件版本：mysql-5.7.21-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
mysql安裝位置：/software/mysql
數據庫文件數據位置：/data/mysql
注：未防止混淆，這里都用絕對路徑執行命令
除了文件內容中的#,這里所有帶#都是linux命令
>mysql 是mysql的命令
步驟：
1、在根目錄下創建文件夾software和數據庫數據文件/data/mysql
#mkdir /software/
#mkdir /data/mysql
2、上傳mysql-5.7.21-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz文件到/software下
#cd /software/
#tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.21-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
3、更改解壓縮后的文件夾名稱
#mv /software/mysql-5.7.21-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ /software/mysql
4、創建mysql用戶組和mysql用戶
#groupadd mysql
#useradd -r -g mysql mysql
5、關聯myql用戶到mysql用戶組中
#chown -R mysql:mysql /software/mysql/
#chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql/
#chown -R mysql /software/mysql/
#chown -R mysql /data/mysql
6、更改mysql安裝文件夾mysql/的權限
#chmod -R 755 /software/mysql/
7、安裝libaio依賴包，由於我買的騰訊雲服務器centos系統自帶的有這個依賴包所以不需要安裝，不過自帶的依賴包會報錯，后面介紹解決辦法
查詢是否暗轉libaio依賴包
#yum search libaio
如果沒安裝，可以用下面命令安裝
#yum install libaio
8、初始化mysql命令
#cd /software/mysql/bin
#./mysqld --user=mysql --basedir=/software/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql --initialize
在執行上面命令時特別要注意一行內容
[Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: o*s#gqh)F4Ck
root@localhost: 后面跟的是mysql數據庫登錄的臨時密碼，各人安裝生成的臨時密碼不一樣
如果初始化時報錯如下：
error while loading shared libraries: libnuma.so.1: cannot open shared objec
是因為libnuma安裝的是32位，我們這里需要64位的，執行下面語句就可以解決
#yum install numactl.x86_64
執行完后重新初始化mysql命令
9、啟動mysql服務
# sh /software/mysql/support-files/mysql.server start
上面啟動mysql服務命令是會報錯的，因為沒有修改mysql的配置文件，報錯內容大致如下：
./support-files/mysql.server: line 239: my_print_defaults: command
not
found
./support-files/mysql.server: line 259: cd: /usr/
local
/mysql:
No
such file
or
directory
Starting MySQL ERROR! Couldn't find MySQL server (/usr/
local
/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe)
if test -z "$basedir"
then
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
bindir=/usr/local/mysql/bin
if test -z "$datadir"
then
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
fi
sbindir=/usr/local/mysql/bin
libexecdir=/usr/local/mysql/bin
else
bindir="$basedir/bin"
if test -z "$datadir"
then
datadir="$basedir/data"
fi
sbindir="$basedir/sbin"
libexecdir="$basedir/libexec"
fi
修改后
if test -z "$basedir"
then
basedir=/software/mysql
bindir=/software/mysql/bin
if test -z "$datadir"
then
datadir=/data/mysql
fi
sbindir=/software/mysql/bin
libexecdir=/software/mysql/bin
else
bindir="$basedir/bin"
if test -z "$datadir"
then
datadir="$basedir/data"
fi
sbindir="$basedir/sbin"
libexecdir="$basedir/libexec"
fi
保存退出
11、修改my.cnf文件
#vi /etc/my.cnf
將下面內容復制替換當前的my.cnf文件中的內容
[client]
no-beep
socket =/software/mysql/mysql.sock
# pipe
# socket=0.0
port=3306
[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8
[mysqld]
basedir=/software/mysql
datadir=/data/mysql
port=3306
pid-file=/software/mysql/mysqld.pid
#skip-grant-tables
skip-name-resolve
socket = /software/mysql/mysql.sock
character-set-server=utf8
default-storage-engine=INNODB
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = true
# Server Id.
server-id=1
max_connections=2000
query_cache_size=0
table_open_cache=2000
tmp_table_size=246M
thread_cache_size=300
#限定用於每個數據庫線程的棧大小。默認設置足以滿足大多數應用
thread_stack = 192k
key_buffer_size=512M
read_buffer_size=4M
read_rnd_buffer_size=32M
innodb_data_home_dir = /data/mysql
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=0
innodb_log_buffer_size=16M
innodb_buffer_pool_size=256M
innodb_log_file_size=128M
innodb_thread_concurrency=128
innodb_autoextend_increment=1000
innodb_buffer_pool_instances=8
innodb_concurrency_tickets=5000
innodb_old_blocks_time=1000
innodb_open_files=300
innodb_stats_on_metadata=0
innodb_file_per_table=1
innodb_checksum_algorithm=0
back_log=80
flush_time=0
join_buffer_size=128M
max_allowed_packet=1024M
max_connect_errors=2000
open_files_limit=4161
query_cache_type=0
sort_buffer_size=32M
table_definition_cache=1400
binlog_row_event_max_size=8K
sync_master_info=10000
sync_relay_log=10000
sync_relay_log_info=10000
#批量插入數據緩存大小，可以有效提高插入效率，默認為8M
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M
interactive_timeout = 120
wait_timeout = 120
log-bin-trust-function-creators=1
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES
#
# include all files from the config directory
#
!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d
保存退出
12、啟動mysql
#/etc/init.d/mysqld start
新版本的安裝包會報錯，錯誤內容如下：
Starting MySQL.Logging to '/data/mysql/SZY.err'.
2018-07-02T10:09:03.779928Z mysqld_safe The file /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld
does not exist or is not executable. Please cd to the mysql installation
directory and restart this script from there as follows:
./bin/mysqld_safe&
See http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/mysqld-safe.html for more information
ERROR! The server quit without updating PID file (/software/mysql/mysqld.pid).
因為新版本的mysql安全啟動安裝包只認/usr/local/mysql這個路徑。
解決辦法：
方法1、建立軟連接
例 #cd /usr/local/mysql
#ln -s /sofware/mysql/bin/myslqd mysqld
方法2、修改mysqld_safe文件（有強迫症的同學建議這種，我用的這種）
# vim /software/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe
將所有的/usr/local/mysql改為/software/mysql
保存退出。（可以將這個文件拷出來再修改然后替換）
13、登錄mysql
#/software/mysql/bin/mysql -u root –p
14、輸入臨時密碼。臨時密碼就是第8條root@localhost:后面的內容
15、修改mysql的登錄密碼
>mysql set password=password('root');
>mysql grant all privileges on *.* to root@'%' identified by 'root';
>mysql flush privileges;
16、完成，此時mysql的登錄名root 登錄密碼root