Oracle 備份恢復實例：三思筆記
1 shutdown abort
系統歸檔模式，有備份
create table xx as
select * from emp;
update xx set ename ='xxxxxx';
select * from xx
[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Mar 19 14:13:27 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
SQL> conn /as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> shutdown abort;
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup;---啟動需要實例恢復
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 285212672 bytes
Fixed Size 1218992 bytes
Variable Size 79693392 bytes
Database Buffers 201326592 bytes
Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
--更新了未提交的數據，重新open后，被回滾
2 shutdown immediate，undo丟失
update xx set ename ='xxxxxx';
SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
[oracle@localhost grs]$ mv undotbs01.dbf /u01/oracle/backup/
SQL> startup;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 285212672 bytes
Fixed Size 1218992 bytes
Variable Size 79693392 bytes
Database Buffers 201326592 bytes
Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes
Database mounted.
ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 2 - see DBWR trace file
ORA-01110: data file 2: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/grs/undotbs01.dbf'
[oracle@localhost grs]$ rman target/
Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Mar 19 14:38:53 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: GRS (DBID=325518186, not open)
RMAN> restore datafile 2;
Starting restore at 19-MAR-14
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=155 devtype=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backupset restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
restoring datafile 00002 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/grs/undotbs01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/oracle/backup/rman1104_backup_1tp3gc5t_1_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
piece handle=/u01/oracle/backup/rman1104_backup_1tp3gc5t_1_1 tag=TAG20140318T154813
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:36
Finished restore at 19-MAR-14
RMAN> recover datafile 2;
Starting recover at 19-MAR-14
using channel ORA_DISK_1
starting media recovery
archive log thread 1 sequence 61 is already on disk as file /u01/app/oracle/archivelog/archivelog/1_61_830623455.dbf
archive log thread 1 sequence 62 is already on disk as file /u01/app/oracle/archivelog/archivelog/1_62_830623455.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archive log restore to default destination
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archive log
archive log thread=1 sequence=60
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/oracle/backup/rman1104_backup_1up3gc8s_1_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
piece handle=/u01/oracle/backup/rman1104_backup_1up3gc8s_1_1 tag=TAG20140318T154948
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:02
archive log filename=/u01/app/oracle/archivelog/archivelog/1_60_830623455.dbf thread=1 sequence=60
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:21
Finished recover at 19-MAR-14
RMAN> alter database open;
database opened
RMAN>
3 undo丟失，有備份
[oracle@localhost grs]$ rm undotbs01.dbf
SQL> shutdown immediate;
ORA-01116: error in opening database file 2
ORA-01110: data file 2: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/grs/undotbs01.dbf'
ORA-27041: unable to open file
Linux Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 3
SQL> shutdown abort;
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup mount;
ORACLE instance started.
RMAN> restore datafile 2;
Starting restore at 19-MAR-14
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=155 devtype=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backupset restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
restoring datafile 00002 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/grs/undotbs01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/oracle/backup/rman1104_backup_1tp3gc5t_1_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
piece handle=/u01/oracle/backup/rman1104_backup_1tp3gc5t_1_1 tag=TAG20140318T154813
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:36
Finished restore at 19-MAR-14
RMAN> recover datafile 2;
Starting recover at 19-MAR-14
using channel ORA_DISK_1
starting media recovery
archive log thread 1 sequence 60 is already on disk as file /u01/app/oracle/archivelog/archivelog/1_60_830623455.dbf
archive log thread 1 sequence 61 is already on disk as file /u01/app/oracle/archivelog/archivelog/1_61_830623455.dbf
archive log thread 1 sequence 62 is already on disk as file /u01/app/oracle/archivelog/archivelog/1_62_830623455.dbf
archive log filename=/u01/app/oracle/archivelog/archivelog/1_60_830623455.dbf thread=1 sequence=60
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:13
Finished recover at 19-MAR-14
Total System Global Area 285212672 bytes
Fixed Size 1218992 bytes
Variable Size 71304784 bytes
Database Buffers 209715200 bytes
Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL> alter database datafile 2 offline drop;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database open;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database datafile 2 online;
Database altered.
4 shutdown abort，無備份，undo丟失
update xx set ename ='xxxxxx';
select s.sid,s.serial#,t.used_ublk,r.status,s.username,r.segment_name
from gv$transaction t, gv$session s, dba_rollback_segs r
where t.ses_addr = s.saddr and t.xidusn = r.segment_id and r.tablespace_name='UNDOTBS1';
144 5 1 ONLINE SCOTT _SYSSMU11$
SQL> shutdown abort;
ORACLE instance shut down.
[oracle@localhost grs]$ mv undotbs01.dbf /u01/oracle/backup/
SQL> startup;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 285212672 bytes
Fixed Size 1218992 bytes
Variable Size 71304784 bytes
Database Buffers 209715200 bytes
Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes
Database mounted.
ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 2 - see DBWR trace file
ORA-01110: data file 2: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/grs/undotbs01.dbf'
SQL> col error format a15
SQL> set linesize 1000
SQL> set pagesize 1000
SQL> select * from v$recover_file;--查看那個文件需要恢復
FILE# ONLINE ONLINE_ ERROR CHANGE# TIME
---------- ------- ------- --------------- ---------- ------------------
2 ONLINE ONLINE FILE NOT FOUND 0
SQL> alter database datafile 2 offline drop;
---設置為offline並刪除（邏輯上）
Database altered.
SQL> alter database open;
--db可以打開
Database altered.
SQL> conn
Enter user-name: scott
Enter password:
Connected.
SQL> select * from xx;
select * from xx
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00376: file 2 cannot be read at this time
ORA-01110: data file 2: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/grs/undotbs01.dbf'
SQL> select * from v$datafile;--能看見刪除的undo dbf
create pfile='/u01/app/oracle/pfile1' from spfile;
[oracle@localhost grs]$ vi /u01/app/oracle/pfile1
grs.__db_cache_size=209715200
grs.__java_pool_size=4194304
grs.__large_pool_size=4194304
grs.__shared_pool_size=58720256
grs.__streams_pool_size=4194304
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/grs/adump'
*.background_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/grs/bdump'
*.compatible='10.2.0.1.0'
*.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/grs/control01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/grs/control02.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/grs/control03.ctl'#Restore Controlfile
*.core_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/grs/cdump'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=''
*.db_file_multiblock_read_count=16
*.db_name='grs'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=2147483648
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=grsXDB)'
*.job_queue_processes=10
*.log_archive_dest_1='location=/u01/app/oracle/archivelog/archivelog/'
*.open_cursors=300
*.pga_aggregate_target=94371840
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.sga_target=285212672
*.undo_management='MANUAL'-----改為manual
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
*._corrupted_rollback_segments=(_SYSSMU1$,_SYSSMU2$,_SYSSMU3$,_SYSSMU4$,_SYSSMU5$,_SYSSMU6$,_SYSSMU7$,_SYSSMU8$,_SYSSMU9$,_SYSSMU10$,_SYSSMU11$)----添加
*._allow_resetlogs_corruption=true---隱藏參數
*.user_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/grs/udump'
~
SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup pfile='/u01/app/oracle/pfile1' mount;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 285212672 bytes
Fixed Size 1218992 bytes
Variable Size 71304784 bytes
Database Buffers 209715200 bytes
Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL> recover database until cancel;
Media recovery complete.
SQL> ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/grs/undotbs01.dbf' OFFLINE DROP;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database open resetlogs;
Database altered.
SQL> SELECT SEGMENT_NAME, OWNER, TABLESPACE_NAME, STATUS FROM DBA_ROLLBACK_SEGS;
SEGMENT_NAME OWNER TABLESPACE_NAME STATUS
------------------------------ ------ ------------------------------ ----------------
SYSTEM SYS SYSTEM ONLINE
_SYSSMU11$ PUBLIC UNDOTBS1 NEEDS RECOVERY
SQL> DROP ROLLBACK SEGMENT "_SYSSMU11$";---出現次錯誤，檢查寫法是否正確，關閉db，在pfile中的參數*._corrupted_rollback_segments中增加"_SYSSMU11$"
DROP ROLLBACK SEGMENT "_SYSSMU11$"
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-30025: DROP segment '_SYSSMU11$' (in undo tablespace) not allowed
SQL> DROP ROLLBACK SEGMENT "_SYSSMU11$";
Rollback segment dropped.
SQL> DROP TABLESPACE UNDOTBS1 INCLUDING CONTENTS AND DATAFILES;
Tablespace dropped.
SQL> create undo tablespace UNDOTBS1 datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/grs/undotbs01.dbf' size 100m;
Tablespace created.
SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
[oracle@localhost grs]$ vi /u01/app/oracle/pfile1----修改的另外一個pfile的副本
---去掉隱藏參數，
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.sga_target=285212672
*.undo_management='AUTO'
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
*.user_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/grs/udump'
SQL> startup;-----這里默認啟用spfile，
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 285212672 bytes
Fixed Size 1218992 bytes
Variable Size 71304784 bytes
Database Buffers 209715200 bytes
Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
5 歸檔，rman全備份，控制文件全部丟失
update xx set ename='20134978'
select * from xx
SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
[oracle@localhost grs]$ mv control01.ctl control02.ctl control03.ctl ./control_backup/
---移除控制文件
[oracle@localhost grs]$ ll
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 285212672 bytes
Fixed Size 1218992 bytes
Variable Size 75499088 bytes
Database Buffers 205520896 bytes
Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes
ORA-00205: error in identifying control file, check alert log for more info
--啟動報錯
查看alert 日志
[oracle@localhost grs]$ tail -f -n 20 /u01/app/oracle/admin/grs/bdump/alert_grs.log
LGWR started with pid=6, OS id=28040
CKPT started with pid=7, OS id=28042
SMON started with pid=8, OS id=28044
RECO started with pid=9, OS id=28046
CJQ0 started with pid=10, OS id=28048
MMON started with pid=11, OS id=28050
Thu Mar 20 16:25:14 2014
starting up 1 dispatcher(s) for network address '(ADDRESS=(PARTIAL=YES)(PROTOCOL=TCP))'...
MMNL started with pid=12, OS id=28052
Thu Mar 20 16:25:14 2014
starting up 1 shared server(s) ...
Thu Mar 20 16:25:15 2014
ALTER DATABASE MOUNT
Thu Mar 20 16:25:15 2014
ORA-00202: control file: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/grs/control01.ctl'
ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status
Linux Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 3
Thu Mar 20 16:25:18 2014
ORA-205 signalled during: ALTER DATABASE MOUNT...
[oracle@localhost grs]$ rman target/
Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Thu Mar 20 16:26:40 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: grs (not mounted)
RMAN> set DBID=325518186
executing command: SET DBID
RMAN> show all;
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
RMAN configuration parameters are:
CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO REDUNDANCY 1; # default
CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION OFF; # default
CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO DISK; # default
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP OFF; # default
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO '%F'; # default
CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 1 BACKUP TYPE TO BACKUPSET; # default
CONFIGURE DATAFILE BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default
CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default
CONFIGURE MAXSETSIZE TO UNLIMITED; # default
CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION FOR DATABASE OFF; # default
CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM 'AES128'; # default
CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG DELETION POLICY TO NONE; # default
RMAN> restore controlfile from '/u01/oracle/backup/rman_backup_c-325518186-20140320-01';
Starting restore at 20-MAR-14
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=155 devtype=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring control file
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:05
output filename=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/grs/control01.ctl
output filename=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/grs/control02.ctl
output filename=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/grs/control03.ctl
Finished restore at 20-MAR-14
RMAN> alter database mount;
database mounted
released channel: ORA_DISK_1
RMAN> recover database;
Starting recover at 20-MAR-14
Starting implicit crosscheck backup at 20-MAR-14
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=155 devtype=DISK
Crosschecked 4 objects
Finished implicit crosscheck backup at 20-MAR-14
Starting implicit crosscheck copy at 20-MAR-14
using channel ORA_DISK_1
Finished implicit crosscheck copy at 20-MAR-14
searching for all files in the recovery area
cataloging files...
no files cataloged
using channel ORA_DISK_1
starting media recovery
archive log thread 1 sequence 7 is already on disk as file /u01/app/oracle/oradata/grs/redo02.log
archive log filename=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/grs/redo02.log thread=1 sequence=7
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished recover at 20-MAR-14
RMAN> alter database open resetlogs;
以控制文件恢復，需要resetlogs方式打開db
database opened
RMAN>
select * from xx
查看數據正常
6 歸檔，無備份，控制文件全部丟失
--從新創建控制文件
在internal或sys 下運行如下創建控制文件的腳本，注意完整列出聯機日志或數據文件的路徑，或修改由 alter database backup control file to trace 備份控制文件時產生的腳本，去掉多余的注釋即可。
SQL> alter database backup controlfile to trace as'/u01/oracle/backup/control_trace.sql';
Database altered.
user_dump_dest
alter database backup controlfile to trace as'/u01/oracle/backup/control_trace.sql';
idle> recover database using backup controlfile until cancel;
CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE grs2 NORESETLOGS ARCHIVELOG
MAXLOGFILES 16
MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
MAXDATAFILES 100
MAXINSTANCES 8
MAXLOGHISTORY 292
LOGFILE
GROUP 1 '/u02/app/oracle/oradata/grs2/redo01.log' SIZE 50M,
GROUP 2 '/u02/app/oracle/oradata/grs2/redo02.log' SIZE 50M,
GROUP 3 '/u02/app/oracle/oradata/grs2/redo03.log' SIZE 50M
DATAFILE
'/u02/app/oracle/oradata/grs2/system01.dbf',
'/u02/app/oracle/oradata/grs2/undotbs01.dbf',
'/u02/app/oracle/oradata/grs2/sysaux01.dbf',
'/u02/app/oracle/oradata/grs2/users01.dbf',
'/u02/app/oracle/oradata/grs2/example01.dbf',
'/u02/app/oracle/oradata/grs2/yyhhqq.dbf',
'/u02/app/oracle/oradata/grs2/cmask01.dbf',
'/u02/app/oracle/oradata/grs2/rman_catalog.dbf',
'/u02/app/oracle/oradata/grs2/rman_test.dbf',
'/u02/app/oracle/oradata/grs2/data_test.dbf'
CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8
;
7 歸檔，有備份，非當前redo丟失
update xx set ename='erererl' 未commit
[oracle@localhost grs]$ rm redo03.log
SQL> startup;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 285212672 bytes
Fixed Size 1218992 bytes
Variable Size 75499088 bytes
Database Buffers 205520896 bytes
Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes
Database mounted.
ORA-00313: open failed for members of log group 3 of thread 1
ORA-00312: online log 3 thread 1: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/grs/redo03.log'
SQL> set linesize 1000
SQL> set pagesize 1000
SQL> select * from v$log;----日志3是未使用狀態
GROUP# THREAD# SEQUENCE# BYTES MEMBERS ARC STATUS FIRST_CHANGE# FIRST_TIME
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --- ---------------- ------------- ------------------
1 1 2 52428800 1 NO CURRENT 3252428 21-MAR-14
3 1 0 52428800 1 YES UNUSED 0
2 1 1 52428800 1 YES INACTIVE 3219698 20-MAR-14
SQL> alter database clear logfile group 3;---重建該組重做日志組
如果是該日志組還沒有歸檔，則需要用
> alter database clear unarchived logfile group 3;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database open;
Database altered.
select * from xx;---未提交的，回滾
說明：
1、如果損壞的是非當前的聯機日志文件，一般只需要 clear 就可以重建該日志文件，但是如果該數據庫處於歸檔狀態但該日志還沒有歸檔，就需要強行 clear。
2、建議clear，特別是強行 clear后作一次數據庫的全備份。
3、此方法適用於歸檔與非歸檔數據庫。
http://www.itpub.net/thread-1824825-1-1.html
總結，對於不是當前使用的歸檔日志損壞，歸檔模式需要使用alter database clear unarchived 命令清空日志 組即可。對於非歸檔模式需要使用alter system clear 日志文件組即可。
8 丟失當前redo，歸檔，有備份
歸檔模式下當前日志的損壞有兩種情況：
一、是數據庫是正常關閉，日志文件中沒有未解決的事務需要實例恢復，當前日志組的損壞就可以直接用alter database clear unarchived logfile group n 來重建。
二、是日志組中有活動的事務，數據庫需要媒體恢復，日志組需要用來同步，有兩種補救辦
法：
A.最好的辦法就是通過不完全恢復，可以保證數據庫的一致性，但是這種辦法要求在歸檔方式下，並且有可用的備份。
B.通過強制性恢復，但是可能導致數據庫不一致。
下面分別用來說明這兩種恢復方法
1 歸檔有備份，采用不完全恢復
select * from v$log;
1 1 2 52428800 1 YES INACTIVE 3252428 2014-3-21 5:31:00
2 1 1 52428800 1 YES INACTIVE 3219698 2014-3-20 16:29:31
3 1 3 52428800 1 NO CURRENT 3271167 2014-3-21 14:36:45
--刪除文件3
[oracle@localhost grs]$ rm redo03.log
SQL> startup;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 285212672 bytes
Fixed Size 1218992 bytes
Variable Size 75499088 bytes
Database Buffers 205520896 bytes
Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes
Database mounted.
ORA-00313: open failed for members of log group 3 of thread 1
ORA-00312: online log 3 thread 1: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/grs/redo03.log'
SQL> alter database clear unarchived logfile group 3;
alter database clear unarchived logfile group 3
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00313: open failed for members of log group 3 of thread 1
ORA-00312: online log 3 thread 1: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/grs/redo03.log'
ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status
Linux Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 3
SQL> select group#,sequence#,archived,status from v$log;
GROUP# SEQUENCE# ARC STATUS
---------- ---------- --- ----------------
1 2 YES INACTIVE
3 0 NO CLEARING_CURRENT
2 0 YES UNUSED
RMAN> restore database;
Starting restore at 21-MAR-14
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=151 devtype=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backupset restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
restoring datafile 00001 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/grs/system01.dbf
restoring datafile 00002 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/grs/undotbs01.dbf
restoring datafile 00003 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/grs/sysaux01.dbf
restoring datafile 00004 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/grs/users01.dbf
restoring datafile 00005 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/grs/example01.dbf
restoring datafile 00006 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/grs/yyhhqq.dbf
restoring datafile 00007 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/grs/cmask01.dbf
restoring datafile 00008 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/grs/rman_catalog.dbf
restoring datafile 00009 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/grs/rman_test.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/oracle/backup/rman_backup_2gp3lmi7
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
piece handle=/u01/oracle/backup/rman_backup_2gp3lmi7 tag=TAG20140320T161606
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:04:28
Finished restore at 21-MAR-14
RMAN> run{
2> sql'alter session set nls_date_format="YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS"';
3> set until time '2014-03-21 15:45:04';
4> recover database;
5> };
sql statement: alter session set nls_date_format="YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS"
executing command: SET until clause
Starting recover at 21-MAR-14
using channel ORA_DISK_1
starting media recovery
archive log thread 1 sequence 6 is already on disk as file /u01/app/oracle/archivelog/archivelog/1_6_842630868.dbf
archive log thread 1 sequence 7 is already on disk as file /u01/app/oracle/archivelog/archivelog/1_7_842630868.dbf
archive log thread 1 sequence 1 is already on disk as file /u01/app/oracle/archivelog/archivelog/1_1_842718571.dbf
archive log thread 1 sequence 2 is already on disk as file /u01/app/oracle/archivelog/archivelog/1_2_842718571.dbf
archive log filename=/u01/app/oracle/archivelog/archivelog/1_6_842630868.dbf thread=1 sequence=6
archive log filename=/u01/app/oracle/archivelog/archivelog/1_7_842630868.dbf thread=1 sequence=7
archive log filename=/u01/app/oracle/archivelog/archivelog/1_1_842718571.dbf thread=1 sequence=1
unable to find archive log
archive log thread=1 sequence=3
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of recover command at 03/21/2014 16:06:52
RMAN-06054: media recovery requesting unknown log: thread 1 seq 3 lowscn 3271167
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00558: error encountered while parsing input commands
RMAN-01009: syntax error: found ";": expecting one of: "allocate, alter, backup, beginline, blockrecover, catalog, change, connect, copy, convert, create, crosscheck, configure, duplicate, debug, delete, drop, exit, endinline, flashback, host, {, library, list, mount, open, print, quit, recover, register, release, replace, report, renormalize, reset, restore, resync, rman, run, rpctest, set, setlimit, sql, switch, spool, startup, shutdown, send, show, test, transport, upgrade, unregister, validate"
RMAN-01007: at line 0 column 2 file: standard input
RMAN>
SQL> alter database open resetlogs;
Database altered.
2 采用隱藏的初始化參數來恢復
SQL> shutdown abort;
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 285212672 bytes
Fixed Size 1218992 bytes
Variable Size 75499088 bytes
Database Buffers 205520896 bytes
Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes
Database mounted.
ORA-00313: open failed for members of log group 1 of thread 1
ORA-00312: online log 1 thread 1: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/grs/redo01.log'
ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status
Linux Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 3
SQL> select group#,sequence#,archived,status from v$log;
GROUP# SEQUENCE# ARC STATUS
---------- ---------- --- ----------------
1 2 NO CURRENT
3 1 YES INACTIVE
2 0 YES UNUSED
SQL> alter database clear unarchived logfile group 1;
alter database clear unarchived logfile group 1
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01624: log 1 needed for crash recovery of instance grs (thread 1)
ORA-00312: online log 1 thread 1: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/grs/redo01.log'
SQL> alter system set "_allow_resetlogs_corruption"=TRUE scope=spfile;
System altered.
SQL> shutdown immediate;
ORA-01109: database not open
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup mount;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 285212672 bytes
Fixed Size 1218992 bytes
Variable Size 75499088 bytes
Database Buffers 205520896 bytes
Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL> recover database until cancel;
ORA-00279: change 3273739 generated at 03/21/2014 16:07:22 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion : /u01/app/oracle/archivelog/archivelog/1_2_842803635.dbf
ORA-00280: change 3273739 for thread 1 is in sequence #2
Specify log: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}
cancel
ORA-01547: warning: RECOVER succeeded but OPEN RESETLOGS would get error below
ORA-01194: file 1 needs more recovery to be consistent
ORA-01110: data file 1: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/grs/system01.dbf'
ORA-01112: media recovery not started
SQL> alter database open resetlogs;
Database altered.
SQL> select * from v$log;
GROUP# THREAD# SEQUENCE# BYTES MEMBERS ARC STATUS FIRST_CHANGE# FIRST_TIME
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --- ---------------- ------------- ------------------
1 1 1 52428800 1 NO CURRENT 3273740 21-MAR-14
2 1 0 52428800 1 YES UNUSED 0
3 1 0 52428800 1 YES UNUSED 0
[oracle@localhost grs]$ tail -f -n 20 /u01/app/oracle/admin/grs/bdump/alert_grs.log
select * from xx;----更新的丟失了
System parameters with non-default values:
processes = 150
__shared_pool_size = 62914560
__large_pool_size = 4194304
__java_pool_size = 4194304
__streams_pool_size = 4194304
sga_target = 285212672
control_files = /u01/app/oracle/oradata/grs/control01.ctl, /u01/app/oracle/oradata/grs/control02.ctl, /u01/app/oracle/oradata/grs/control03.ctl
db_block_size = 8192
__db_cache_size = 205520896
compatible = 10.2.0.1.0
log_archive_dest_1 = location=/u01/app/oracle/archivelog/archivelog/
db_file_multiblock_read_count= 16
db_recovery_file_dest = /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area
db_recovery_file_dest_size= 2147483648
_allow_resetlogs_corruption= TRUE
undo_management = AUTO
undo_tablespace = UNDOTBS1
remote_login_passwordfile= EXCLUSIVE
db_domain =
dispatchers = (PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=grsXDB)
job_queue_processes = 10
background_dump_dest = /u01/app/oracle/admin/grs/bdump
user_dump_dest = /u01/app/oracle/admin/grs/udump
core_dump_dest = /u01/app/oracle/admin/grs/cdump
audit_file_dest = /u01/app/oracle/admin/grs/adump
db_name = grs
open_cursors = 300
pga_aggregate_target = 94371840
進行full expdp，然后重新創建db，在impdp（一些配置需要修改，比如歸檔，rman等）
SQL> alter database archivelog;
Database altered.
SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_1='location=/u01/app/oracle/archivelog/archivelog/';
SQL> alter database open;
System altered.
SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode Archive Mode
Automatic archival Enabled
Archive destination /u01/app/oracle/archivelog/archivelog/
Oldest online log sequence 4
Next log sequence to archive 6
Current log sequence 6
SQL> show parameter user_dump_dest;
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
user_dump_dest string /u01/app/oracle/admin/grs/udum
p
SQL>
[oracle@localhost ~]$ export LC_ALL=en_US
[oracle@localhost ~]$ dbca
[oracle@localhost ~]$ netca
Oracle Net Services Configuration:
Oracle Net Services configuration terminated by user. The exit code is -1
[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Mar 24 15:46:01 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
SQL> conn /as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> create directory expdp_file_dir as '/u02/oracleexp';
Directory created.
SQL> alter user scott account unlock;
User altered.
SQL> alter user scott identified by "987064";
User altered.
SQL> grant dba to scott;
Grant succeeded.
SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options
[oracle@localhost ~]$ impdp scott/987064 directory=expdp_file_dir dumpfile=all_expdp_20140324.DMP nologfile=Y full=y parallel=4;
Import: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Monday, 24 March, 2014 15:57:38
Copyright (c) 2003, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
UDI-00008: operation generated ORACLE error 1034
ORA-01034: ORACLE not available
ORA-27101: shared memory realm does not exist
Linux Error: 2: No such file or directory
UDI-00003: all allowable logon attempts failed
[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Mar 24 15:58:05 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
SQL> conn /as sysdba
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 285212672 bytes
Fixed Size 1218992 bytes
Variable Size 92276304 bytes
Database Buffers 188743680 bytes
Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
http://192.168.2.185:1158/em/console/
</collection>[oracle@localhost test_xml]$ emctl status dbconsole
TZ set to PRC
Oracle Enterprise Manager 10g Database Control Release 10.2.0.1.0
Copyright (c) 1996, 2005 Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
http://localhost.localdomain:1158/em/console/aboutApplication
Oracle Enterprise Manager 10g is running.
------------------------------------------------------------------
Logs are generated in directory /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/localhost.localdomain_grs/sysman/log
9 歸檔模式，無備份，丟失一個數據文件
1 系統恢復
[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Tue Mar 25 10:58:18 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
SQL> conn /as sysdba
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 285212672 bytes
Fixed Size 1218992 bytes
Variable Size 113247824 bytes
Database Buffers 167772160 bytes
Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> CREATE TABLESPACE data_test DATAFILE
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/grs/data_test.dbf'SIZE 10M AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 10M MAXSIZE 20M 2 ;
Tablespace created.
SQL> create table data_test(a number) TABLESPACE data_test;
Table created.
SQL> insert into data_test
2 select rownum from dual connect by rownum<=10;
10 rows created.
SQL> select * from data_test;
A
----------
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
10 rows selected.
SQL> commit;
Commit complete.
SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> !rm '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/grs/data_test.dbf';
[oracle@localhost grs]$ rm data_test.dbf----二者一樣
SQL> startup;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 285212672 bytes
Fixed Size 1218992 bytes
Variable Size 104859216 bytes
Database Buffers 176160768 bytes
Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes
Database mounted.
ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 10 - see DBWR trace file
ORA-01110: data file 10: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/grs/data_test.dbf'
SQL> alter database create datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/grs/data_test.dbf'as '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/grs/data_test.dbf';
-----------重建該文件，
Database altered.
SQL> recover datafile 10;---該數據文件從創建起的所有的redo文件還在，就可以修復
Media recovery complete.
SQL> alter database open;
Database altered.
SQL> select * from data_test;
A
----------
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
10 rows selected.
2 利用rman來恢復
重復上述步驟到start
SQL> startup;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 285212672 bytes
Fixed Size 1218992 bytes
Variable Size 113247824 bytes
Database Buffers 167772160 bytes
Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes
Database mounted.
ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 10 - see DBWR trace file
ORA-01110: data file 10: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/grs/data_test.dbf'
[oracle@localhost grs]$ rman target/
Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Tue Mar 25 15:22:36 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: GRS (DBID=341090406, not open)
RMAN> restore datafile 10;
Starting restore at 25-MAR-14
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=155 devtype=DISK
creating datafile fno=10 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/grs/data_test.dbf
restore not done; all files readonly, offline, or already restored
Finished restore at 25-MAR-14
RMAN> recover datafile 10;
Starting recover at 25-MAR-14
using channel ORA_DISK_1
starting media recovery
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished recover at 25-MAR-14
RMAN> alter database open;
database opened
RMAN> sql'select * from data_test';
sql statement: select * from data_test
也可以是,恢復表空間
run{
allocate channel c1 type disk;
restore tablespace users;
recover tablespace users;
sql 'alter database datafile 6 online';
release channel c1;
}
在丟失多個數據文件時：
當啟動檢查數據文件丟失報錯時可以查看該視圖看需要恢復的數據文件有哪些
select * from v$recover_file;
FILE# ONLINE ONLINE_ ERROR CHANGE# TIME
10 歸檔模式，有備份，丟失一個數據文件
RMAN> backup tablespace data_test format '/u01/oracle/backup/rman_back20140325_%U';
Starting backup at 25-MAR-14
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset
input datafile fno=00010 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/grs/data_test.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 25-MAR-14
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 25-MAR-14
piece handle=/u01/oracle/backup/rman_back20140325_06p42qal_1_1 tag=TAG20140325T154005 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 25-MAR-14
Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 25-MAR-14
piece handle=/u01/oracle/backup/rman_backup_c-341090406-20140325-01 comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 25-MAR-14
RMAN> exit;
Recovery Manager complete.
[oracle@localhost grs]$ rm data_test.dbf
SQL> insert into data_test
2 select rownum from dual connect by rownum<=10;
10 rows created.
SQL> select * from data_test;
A
----------
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
A
----------
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
20 rows selected.
SQL> shutdown immediate;
ORA-01097: cannot shutdown while in a transaction - commit or rollback first
SQL> commit;
Commit complete.
SQL> shutdown immediate;
SQL> startup;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 285212672 bytes
Fixed Size 1218992 bytes
Variable Size 117442128 bytes
Database Buffers 163577856 bytes
Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes
Database mounted.
ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 10 - see DBWR trace file
ORA-01110: data file 10: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/grs/data_test.dbf'
SQL> set linesize 1000
SQL> set pagesize 1000
SQL> select * from v$recover_file;
FILE# ONLINE ONLINE_ ERROR CHANGE# TIME
---------- ------- ------- -----------------------------------------------------------------
10 ONLINE ONLINE FILE NOT FOUND 0
------可以先open數據庫在offline，恢復-----減少停機時間
------可以執行rman進行恢復
SQL> alter database datafile 10 offline drop;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database open;
Database altered.
RMAN> restore datafile 10;
Starting restore at 25-MAR-14
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=137 devtype=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backupset restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
restoring datafile 00010 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/grs/data_test.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/oracle/backup/rman_back20140325_06p42qal_1_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
piece handle=/u01/oracle/backup/rman_back20140325_06p42qal_1_1 tag=TAG20140325T154005
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished restore at 25-MAR-14
RMAN> recover datafile 10;
Starting recover at 25-MAR-14
using channel ORA_DISK_1
starting media recovery
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:04
Finished recover at 25-MAR-14
RMAN> sql'alter database datafile 10 online';
sql statement: alter database datafile 10 online
SQL> select * from data_test;
A
----------
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
20 rows selected.
11 基於時間的不完全恢復
OS 熱備份下的基於時間的恢復
不完全恢復可以分為基於時間的恢復，基於改變的恢復與基於撤消的恢復，這里已基於時間
的恢復為例子來說明不完全恢復過程。
基於時間的恢復可以不完全恢復到現在時間之前的某一個時間，對於某些誤操作，如刪除了
一個數據表，可以在備用恢復環境上恢復到表的刪除時間之前，然后把該表導出到正式環境，避
免一個人為的錯誤。
SQL> create table test(a int);
Table created.
SQL> insert into test values(1);
1 row created.
SQL> commit;
Commit complete.
進行全備份
SQL> insert into data_test
2 select rownum from dual connect by rownum<=5;
5 rows created.
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
System altered.
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
System altered.
SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') from dual;
TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'YY
-------------------
2014-03-25 16:11:47
SQL> drop table data_test;
Table dropped.
RMAN> shutdown immediate;
database closed
database dismounted
Oracle instance shut down
RMAN> startup mount;
connected to target database (not started)
Oracle instance started
database mounted
Total System Global Area 285212672 bytes
Fixed Size 1218992 bytes
Variable Size 121636432 bytes
Database Buffers 159383552 bytes
Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes
RMAN> restore database;
Starting restore at 25-MAR-14
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=157 devtype=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backupset restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
restoring datafile 00001 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/grs/system01.dbf
restoring datafile 00002 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/grs/undotbs01.dbf
restoring datafile 00003 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/grs/sysaux01.dbf
restoring datafile 00004 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/grs/users01.dbf
restoring datafile 00005 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/grs/example01.dbf
restoring datafile 00006 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/grs/yyhhqq.dbf
restoring datafile 00007 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/grs/cmask01.dbf
restoring datafile 00008 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/grs/rman_catalog.dbf
restoring datafile 00009 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/grs/rman_test.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/oracle/backup/rman_backup_02p40cjv
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
piece handle=/u01/oracle/backup/rman_backup_02p40cjv tag=TAG20140324T173351
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:02:06
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backupset restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
restoring datafile 00010 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/grs/data_test.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/oracle/backup/rman_back20140325_06p42qal_1_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
piece handle=/u01/oracle/backup/rman_back20140325_06p42qal_1_1 tag=TAG20140325T154005
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished restore at 25-MAR-14
RMAN> run{
2> sql 'alter session set nls_date_format= "YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS"';
3> set until time '2014-03-25 16:11:47';
4> recover database;
5> };
sql statement: alter session set nls_date_format= "YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS"
executing command: SET until clause
Starting recover at 25-MAR-14
using channel ORA_DISK_1
starting media recovery
archive log thread 1 sequence 8 is already on disk as file /u01/app/oracle/archivelog/archivelog/1_8_843061290.dbf
archive log thread 1 sequence 9 is already on disk as file /u01/app/oracle/archivelog/archivelog/1_9_843061290.dbf
archive log thread 1 sequence 10 is already on disk as file /u01/app/oracle/archivelog/archivelog/1_10_843061290.dbf
archive log thread 1 sequence 11 is already on disk as file /u01/app/oracle/archivelog/archivelog/1_11_843061290.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archive log restore to default destination
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archive log
archive log thread=1 sequence=7
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/oracle/backup/rman_backup_03p40cph
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
piece handle=/u01/oracle/backup/rman_backup_03p40cph tag=TAG20140324T173648
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:02
archive log filename=/u01/app/oracle/archivelog/archivelog/1_7_843061290.dbf thread=1 sequence=7
archive log filename=/u01/app/oracle/archivelog/archivelog/1_8_843061290.dbf thread=1 sequence=8
archive log filename=/u01/app/oracle/archivelog/archivelog/1_9_843061290.dbf thread=1 sequence=9
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:24
Finished recover at 25-MAR-14
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00558: error encountered while parsing input commands
RMAN-01009: syntax error: found ";": expecting one of: "allocate, alter, backup, beginline, blockrecover, catalog, change, connect, copy, convert, create, crosscheck, configure, duplicate, debug, delete, drop, exit, endinline, flashback, host, {, library, list, mount, open, print, quit, recover, register, release, replace, report, renormalize, reset, restore, resync, rman, run, rpctest, set, setlimit, sql, switch, spool, startup, shutdown, send, show, test, transport, upgrade, unregister, validate"
RMAN-01007: at line 0 column 2 file: standard input
RMAN> alter database open resetlogs;
database opened
SQL> conn /as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> select * from data_test;
A
----------
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1
A
----------
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
20 rows selected.
12 基於改變的恢復 rman有備份
SQL> insert into t
2 values ('1',20140419);
1 row created.
SQL> commit;
Commit complete.
SQL> select * from t;
PROD CHANNEL
---------- ----------
浜у搧1 1,2,3
浜у搧2 1,2
浜у搧3 2,4
1 20140419
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
System altered.
SQL> select dbms_flashback.get_system_change_number from dual;
GET_SYSTEM_CHANGE_NUMBER
------------------------
4203003
SQL> drop table t;
Table dropped.
恢復到SCN 4203003，先關閉數據庫，然后啟動到 mount 下
SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup mount;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 285212672 bytes
Fixed Size 1218992 bytes
Variable Size 96470608 bytes
Database Buffers 184549376 bytes
Redo Buffers 2973696 bytes
Database mounted.
[oracle@localhost ~]$ rman target/
Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Apr 9 16:50:24 2014
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: GRS (DBID=341090406, not open)
RMAN> run{
2> allocate channel c1 type disk;
3> restore database;
recover database until scn 4203003;
sql 'ALTER DATABASE OPEN RESETLOGS';
4> 5> 6> release channel c1;
7> };
SQL> conn
Enter user-name: scott
Enter password:
Connected.
SQL> select * from t;
PROD CHANNEL
---------- ----------
浜у搧1 1,2,3
浜у搧2 1,2
浜у搧3 2,4
1 20140419
1、RMAN 也可以實現不完全恢復，方法比 OS 備份恢復的方法更簡單可靠
2、RMAN 可以基於時間，基於改變與基於日志序列的不完全恢復，基於日志序列的恢
復可以指定恢復到哪個日志序列，如
run {
allocate channel ch1 type disk;
allocate channel ch2 type 'sbt_tape';
set until logseq 1234 thread 1;
restore controlfile to '$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/cf1.f'
replicate controlfile from '$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/cf1.f';
alter database mount;
restore database;
recover database;
sql "ALTER DATABASE OPEN RESETLOGS";
}
3與所有的不完全恢復一樣，必須在 mount下，restore所有備份數據文件，需要
resetlogs。
4、基於改變的恢復比基於時間的恢復更可靠，但是可能也更復雜，需要知道需要恢復
到哪一個改變號(SCN)，在正常生產中，獲取SCN的辦法其實也有很多，如查詢數據庫字典
表(V$archived_log or v$log_history)，或分析歸檔與聯機日志(logmnr)等