python的爬蟲代理設置

現在網站大部分都是反爬蟲技術，最簡單就是加代理，寫了一個代理小程序。

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
#__author__ = "雨軒戀i"
#__date__ = "2018年10月30日"

# 導入random模塊
import random
# 導入useragent用戶代理模塊中的UserAgentMiddleware類
from scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.useragent import UserAgentMiddleware

# RotateUserAgentMiddleware類，繼承 UserAgentMiddleware 父類
# 作用：創建動態代理列表，隨機選取列表中的用戶代理頭部信息，偽裝請求。
#       綁定爬蟲程序的每一次請求，一並發送到訪問網址。

# 發爬蟲技術：由於很多網站設置反爬蟲技術，禁止爬蟲程序直接訪問網頁，
#             因此需要創建動態代理，將爬蟲程序模擬偽裝成瀏覽器進行網頁訪問。
class RotateUserAgentMiddleware(UserAgentMiddleware):
    def __init__(self, user_agent=''):
        self.user_agent = user_agent

    def process_request(self, request, spider):
        #這句話用於隨機輪換user-agent
        ua = random.choice(self.user_agent_list)
        if ua:
            # 輸出自動輪換的user-agent
            print(ua)
            request.headers.setdefault('User-Agent', ua)

    # the default user_agent_list composes chrome,I E,firefox,Mozilla,opera,netscape
    # for more user agent strings,you can find it in http://www.useragentstring.com/pages/useragentstring.php
    # 編寫頭部請求代理列表
    user_agent_list = [\
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/22.0.1207.1 Safari/537.1"\
        "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; CrOS i686 2268.111.0) AppleWebKit/536.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1132.57 Safari/536.11",\
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.6 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1092.0 Safari/536.6",\
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.6 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1090.0 Safari/536.6",\
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.77.34.5 Safari/537.1",\
        "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/536.5 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1084.9 Safari/536.5",\
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.0) AppleWebKit/536.5 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1084.36 Safari/536.5",\
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1063.0 Safari/536.3",\
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1063.0 Safari/536.3",\
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_8_0) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1063.0 Safari/536.3",\
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1062.0 Safari/536.3",\
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1062.0 Safari/536.3",\
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.1 Safari/536.3",\
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.1 Safari/536.3",\
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.1 Safari/536.3",\
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.0 Safari/536.3",\
        "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/535.24 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1055.1 Safari/535.24",\
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.24 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1055.1 Safari/535.24"
       ]

可以在自己的爬蟲程序中加入這個程序，每次動態的使用代理，將爬蟲程序偽裝成瀏覽器，這樣就不會被網站禁止了