Nextcloud-13.0.5部署實踐記錄：
一、環境說明LNMP版本信息
系統: CentOS Linux release 7.5.1804 (Core)
軟件：nginx-1.12.2 mariadb-10.2.15 php7.0
-----------------------------------------------
配置163YUM源
wget http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
yum clean all
yum makecache
二、安裝倉庫源、redis
1、添加EPEL包的倉庫源
yum install epel-release
2、添加 PHP7-FPM webtatic 倉庫
rpm-Uvh https://mirror.webtatic.com/yum/el7/webtatic-release.rpm
yum install redis
三、安裝PHP7和PHP7-FPM
yum install php70w-fpm php70w-cli php70w-gd php70w-mcrypt php70w-mysql php70w-pear \
php70w-xml php70w-mbstring php70w-pdo php70w-json php70w-pecl-apcu php70w-pecl-apcu-devel
四、配置PHP-FPM
1、我們需要配置 php-fpm 與 Nginx 協同運行。php7-fpm將使用nginx 用戶來運行，並監聽 9000 端口。
編輯默認的php7-fpm配置文件。
vi /etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
user = nginx //將用戶和組都改為nginx
group = nginx
.....
listen = 127.0.0.1:9000 //php-fpm所監聽的端口為9000
......
env[HOSTNAME] = $HOSTNAME //去掉下面幾行注釋366行
env[PATH] = /usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin
env[TMP] = /tmp
env[TMPDIR] = /tmp
env[TEMP] = /tmp
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2、需要在 /var/lib/ 目錄下創建一個新的文件夾 session，並將其擁有者變更為 nginx 用戶。
最后啟動 php-fpm 和 Nginx，並且將它們設置為隨開機啟動的服務。
mkdir -p /var/lib/php/session
chown nginx:nginx -R /var/lib/php/session/
（注：如果沒建nginx用戶：useradd -s /sbin/nologin -M nginx）
3、vi/etc/php.d/opcache.ini 去掉以下行注釋，修改為對應的配置值：
vi/etc/php.d/opcache.ini
---------------------------------
zend_extension=opcache.so
opcache.enable=1
opcache.enable_cli=1
opcache.memory_consumption=128
opcache.interned_strings_buffer=8
opcache.max_accelerated_files=10000
opcache.revalidate_freq=1
opcache.save_comments=1
----------------------------------
注：未裝opcache的請看下面
php -v #查詢php版本
yum search opcache php #YUM查詢並安裝對應PHP版本的opcache
yum install php70w-opcache.x86_64
4、啟動php-fpm 和nginx服務
systemctl start php-fpm
systemctl enable php-fpm
systemctl start redis
systemctl enable redis
chkconfig nginx on
五、配置MariaDB, 創建數據庫、創建庫用戶、用戶授權
mysql -u root -p
create database nextclouddb;
create user ncuser@'%' identified by'ncdb1234';
grant all privileges on nextclouddb.* to ncuser@'%' identified by 'ncdb1234';
flush privileges;
exit
六、安裝SSL證書我們可以自己生成SSL證書，也可以申請專業的SSL證書。
自簽名的SSL證書在使用的時候會報錯，建議使用有資質的SSL證書。 安裝過程如下：
1、為SSL 文件創建新目錄：
mkdir -p /etc/nginx/cert/
2、創建證書（生產環境請購買公網SSL證書）
openssl req -new -x509 -days 365 -nodes -out /etc/nginx/cert/misemcloud.crt -keyout /etc/nginx/cert/misemcloud.key
3、在該目錄下儲存申請過的SSL證書，並設置證書的權限：
chmod 700 /etc/nginx/cert
chmod 600 /etc/nginx/cert/*
七、初步安裝 Nextcloud
1、下載解壓到瀏覽器（apache或者nginx）
unzip nextcloud-13.0.5.zip
mv mv nextcloud /usr/local/nginx/html/
chown -R nginx:nginx /usr/local/nginx/html/
2、為NextCloud創建文件儲存文件夾，並授予一定的權限
/usr/local/nginx/
mkdir /datacloud
chown -R nginx:nginx /datacloud/
八、配置Nginx轉發規則
1、創建文件： （只改如下三處）
# 注意：server_name 需要改為域名
# ssl_certificate和ssl_certificate_key需要改為SSL證書對應的文件
# root 需要改為nextcloud文件夾所在路徑
vi /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#user nobody;
worker_processes 1;
#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
#pid logs/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
#log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
# '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
# '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
#access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
#keepalive_timeout 0;
keepalive_timeout 65;
#gzip on;
upstream php-handler {
server 127.0.0.1:9000;
#server unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock;
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.misem.top;
# enforce https
return 301 https://$server_name$request_uri;
}
server {
listen 443 ssl;
server_name www.misem.top;
ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/cert/misemcloud.crt;
ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/cert/misemcloud.key;
# Add headers to serve security related headers
# Before enabling Strict-Transport-Security headers please read into this
# topic first.
# add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=15768000;
# includeSubDomains; preload;";
#
# WARNING: Only add the preload option once you read about
# the consequences in https://hstspreload.org/. This option
# will add the domain to a hardcoded list that is shipped
# in all major browsers and getting removed from this list
# could take several months.
add_header X-Content-Type-Options nosniff;
add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block";
add_header X-Robots-Tag none;
add_header X-Download-Options noopen;
add_header X-Permitted-Cross-Domain-Policies none;
add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains" always;
# Path to the root of your installation
root /usr/local/nginx/html/nextcloud/;
location = /robots.txt {
allow all;
log_not_found off;
access_log off;
}
# The following 2 rules are only needed for the user_webfinger app.
# Uncomment it if you're planning to use this app.
#rewrite ^/.well-known/host-meta /public.php?service=host-meta last;
#rewrite ^/.well-known/host-meta.json /public.php?service=host-meta-json
# last;
location = /.well-known/carddav {
return 301 $scheme://$host/remote.php/dav;
}
location = /.well-known/caldav {
return 301 $scheme://$host/remote.php/dav;
}
# set max upload size
client_max_body_size 512M;
fastcgi_buffers 64 4K;
# Enable gzip but do not remove ETag headers
gzip on;
gzip_vary on;
gzip_comp_level 4;
gzip_min_length 256;
gzip_proxied expired no-cache no-store private no_last_modified no_etag auth;
gzip_types application/atom+xml application/javascript application/json application/ld+json application/manifest+json application/rss+xml application/vnd.geo+json application/vnd.ms-fontobject application/x-font-ttf application/x-web-app-manifest+json application/xhtml+xml application/xml font/opentype image/bmp image/svg+xml image/x-icon text/cache-manifest text/css text/plain text/vcard text/vnd.rim.location.xloc text/vtt text/x-component text/x-cross-domain-policy;
# Uncomment if your server is build with the ngx_pagespeed module
# This module is currently not supported.
#pagespeed off;
location / {
rewrite ^ /index.php$request_uri;
}
location ~ ^/(?:build|tests|config|lib|3rdparty|templates|data)/ {
deny all;
}
location ~ ^/(?:\.|autotest|occ|issue|indie|db_|console) {
deny all;
}
location ~ ^/(?:index|remote|public|cron|core/ajax/update|status|ocs/v[12]|updater/.+|ocs-provider/.+)\.php(?:$|/) {
fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+?\.php)(/.*)$;
include fastcgi_params;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $fastcgi_path_info;
fastcgi_param HTTPS on;
#Avoid sending the security headers twice
fastcgi_param modHeadersAvailable true;
fastcgi_param front_controller_active true;
fastcgi_pass php-handler;
fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
fastcgi_request_buffering off;
}
location ~ ^/(?:updater|ocs-provider)(?:$|/) {
try_files $uri/ =404;
index index.php;
}
# Adding the cache control header for js and css files
# Make sure it is BELOW the PHP block
location ~ \.(?:css|js|woff|svg|gif)$ {
try_files $uri /index.php$request_uri;
add_header Cache-Control "public, max-age=15778463";
# Add headers to serve security related headers (It is intended to
# have those duplicated to the ones above)
# Before enabling Strict-Transport-Security headers please read into
# this topic first.
# add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=15768000; includeSubDomains; preload;";
#
# WARNING: Only add the preload option once you read about
# the consequences in https://hstspreload.org/. This option
# will add the domain to a hardcoded list that is shipped
# in all major browsers and getting removed from this list
# could take several months.
add_header X-Content-Type-Options nosniff;
add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block";
add_header X-Robots-Tag none;
add_header X-Download-Options noopen;
add_header X-Permitted-Cross-Domain-Policies none;
# Optional: Don't log access to assets
access_log off;
}
location ~ \.(?:png|html|ttf|ico|jpg|jpeg)$ {
try_files $uri /index.php$request_uri;
# Optional: Don't log access to other assets
access_log off;
}
}
}
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#附：官方配置文檔 https://docs.nextcloud.com/server/13/admin_manual/installation/nginx.html
九，網頁安裝Nextcloud
vi /etc/hosts
139.159.182.198 www.misem.top
#在台式機HOSTS也加本地域名
瀏覽器輸入https://139.159.182.198/nextcloud
nextcloud一定要改為nginx所屬，有時不注意就會報錯
數據庫主機：139.159.182.198:5945 （查看實際端口號）
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'ncuser'@'139.159.182.198' IDENTIFIED BY 'ncdb1234' WITH GRANT OPTION;
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'ncuser'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'ncdb1234' WITH GRANT OPTION;
第一次沒有反應，
重新運行第二次可以了
重要，重要，重要：
關閉selinux和防火牆
# vi /etc/selinux/config
//SELINUX=enforcing改為SELINUX=disabled
十：一些優化設置：
1 . HTTP 請求頭“Strict-Transport-Security”沒有配置為至少“15552000”秒，出於增強安全性考慮，
我們推薦按照安全提示中的說明啟用HSTS
---------------------------------------------
vim /application/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
#在server {
listen 443 ssl;
#下面加入一行：
add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains" always;
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2、內存緩存未配置. 如果可用, 請配置 memcache 以增強性能. 更多信息請查看我們的…
nextcloud支持內存加速，它可支持3種方式APCu，Memcached，Redis。這里只展示APCu的配置
安裝apcu
yum search apcu php
yum install 文件名（對應php版本）
vim /application/nginx/html/nextcloud/config/config.php
以下內容加入倒數第二行
'memcache.local' => '\\OC\\Memcache\\APCu',
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結束語：
至此，一台私有雲盤搭建完畢，歡迎交流指正。