1. 使用Redis
在使用redis之前,首先要保證安裝或有redis的服務器,接下就是引入redis依賴。
pom.xml文件如下
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId>
</dependency>
由於在SpringBoot中默認提供了一套配置,所以在使用本地的redis時,可以不用配置任何文件,只需要引入依賴,然后就可以使用了,
使用Redis中的template類demo如下;
package com.wangx.boot.redis; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.data.redis.core.StringRedisTemplate; import org.springframework.data.redis.core.ValueOperations; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; //必須要加Componet使得該組件可以被spring管理起來 @Component public class RedisDAO { @Autowired private StringRedisTemplate redisTemplate; public void set(String key, String value) { ValueOperations operations = redisTemplate.opsForValue(); if (!redisTemplate.hasKey(key)) { operations.set(key,value); System.out.println("添加成功!!!"); } else { System.out.println(operations.get(key)); } } public String get (String key) { return redisTemplate.opsForValue().get(key); } public void del (String key) { redisTemplate.delete(key); } }
測試三個方法,可以成功保存數據到redis中。不得不再感嘆一句,SpringBoot開發真的太便利了,當然,如果redis服務器不是在本地機器上,那么,就需要配置一下你得主機和端口。SpringBoot提供了如下配置來支持Redis的使用。
spring.redis.cluster.max-redirects= # Maximum number of redirects to follow when executing commands across the cluster. spring.redis.cluster.nodes= # Comma-separated list of "host:port" pairs to bootstrap from. spring.redis.database=0 # Database index used by the connection factory. spring.redis.url= # Connection URL. Overrides host, port, and password. User is ignored. Example: redis://user:password@example.com:6379 spring.redis.host=localhost # Redis server host. spring.redis.jedis.pool.max-active=8 # Maximum number of connections that can be allocated by the pool at a given time. Use a negative value for no limit. spring.redis.jedis.pool.max-idle=8 # Maximum number of "idle" connections in the pool. Use a negative value to indicate an unlimited number of idle connections. spring.redis.jedis.pool.max-wait=-1ms # Maximum amount of time a connection allocation should block before throwing an exception when the pool is exhausted. Use a negative value to block indefinitely. spring.redis.jedis.pool.min-idle=0 # Target for the minimum number of idle connections to maintain in the pool. This setting only has an effect if it is positive. spring.redis.lettuce.pool.max-active=8 # Maximum number of connections that can be allocated by the pool at a given time. Use a negative value for no limit. spring.redis.lettuce.pool.max-idle=8 # Maximum number of "idle" connections in the pool. Use a negative value to indicate an unlimited number of idle connections. spring.redis.lettuce.pool.max-wait=-1ms # Maximum amount of time a connection allocation should block before throwing an exception when the pool is exhausted. Use a negative value to block indefinitely. spring.redis.lettuce.pool.min-idle=0 # Target for the minimum number of idle connections to maintain in the pool. This setting only has an effect if it is positive. spring.redis.lettuce.shutdown-timeout=100ms # Shutdown timeout. spring.redis.password= # Login password of the redis server. spring.redis.port=6379 # Redis server port. spring.redis.sentinel.master= # Name of the Redis server. spring.redis.sentinel.nodes= # Comma-separated list of "host:port" pairs. spring.redis.ssl=false # Whether to enable SSL support. spring.redis.timeout= # Connection timeout. # TRANSACTION (TransactionProperties) spring.transaction.default-timeout= # Default transaction timeout. If a duration suffix is not specified, seconds will be used. spring.transaction.rollback-on-commit-failure= # Whether to roll back on commit failures.
通過這些配置可以在自己不同的場景下使用redis.
2. 使用mongodb
同樣的Mongodb也提供了一套默認的配置,所以我們只需要保證本機中有mongodb服務器,並啟動。引入依賴,就可以直接編寫我們的mongodb的持久層。
pom.xml文件:
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-mongodb</artifactId>
</dependency>
使用mongodb的代碼如下:
package com.wangx.boot.mongo; import com.wangx.boot.entity.User; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.MongoTemplate; import org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.query.Criteria; import org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.query.Query; import org.springframework.data.mongodb.core.query.Update; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import java.util.List; //必須要加Componet使得該組件可以被spring管理起來 @Component public class MongoDAO { @Autowired private MongoTemplate mongoTemplate; public void insert(User user) { mongoTemplate.insert(user); System.out.println("添加成功"); } public void update(User user) { Criteria criteria = Criteria.where("id").in(user.getId()); Query query = new Query(criteria); Update update = new Update(); update.set("name", user.getName()); update.set("age", user.getAge()); mongoTemplate.updateMulti(query, update, User.class); System.out.println("更新成功!!!"); } public List<User> select (Integer id) { Criteria criteria = Criteria.where("id").in(id); Query query = new Query(criteria); return mongoTemplate.find(query,User.class); } public void delById (Integer id) { Criteria criteria = Criteria.where("id").in(id); Query query = new Query(criteria); mongoTemplate.remove(query, User.class); System.out.println("刪除成功!!!"); } public List<User> findAll () { return mongoTemplate.findAll(User.class); } }
示例中提供了增刪改查四個方法,測試,數據能成功保存到mongodb數據庫中。可以說。在SpringBoot下,大部分的工具中間件的使用方式都是比較簡單的。
3. Ehcache緩存的使用
使用緩存需要引入依賴
pom.xml文件
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-cache</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>net.sf.ehcache</groupId> <artifactId>ehcache</artifactId> </dependency>
配置文件中配置ehcache的配置文件位置,如下:
# 指定當前cache類型,當有多種緩存在同一個系統時可以使用
spring.cache.type=
spring.cache.ehcache.config=classpath:/conf/encache.xml
還需要再啟動類上添加注解@EnableCaching表示開啟注解。
encache.xml
<ehcache> <cache name="wangCache" eternal="false" maxEntriesLocalHeap="0" timeToIdleSeconds="200"></cache> <!-- eternal:true表示對象永不過期,此時會忽略timeToIdleSeconds和timeToLiveSeconds屬性,默認為false --> <!-- maxEntriesLocalHeap:堆內存中最大緩存對象數,0沒有限制 --> <!-- timeToIdleSeconds: 設定允許對象處於空閑狀態的最長時間,以秒為單位。當對象自從最近一次被訪問后,如果處於空閑狀態的時間超過了timeToIdleSeconds屬性值,這個對象就會過期,EHCache將把它從緩存中清空。只有當eternal屬性為false,該屬性才有效。如果該屬性值為0,則表示對象可以無限期地處於空閑狀態 --> </ehcache>
下面寫一個帶緩存的持久層代碼
package com.wangx.boot.cache.impl; import com.wangx.boot.cache.CachingBook; import com.wangx.boot.dao.impl.BookDAO; import com.wangx.boot.entity.Book; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.cache.annotation.CacheConfig; import org.springframework.cache.annotation.CacheEvict; import org.springframework.cache.annotation.CachePut; import org.springframework.cache.annotation.Cacheable; import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository; /** * * cacheNames 值必須與encache.xml中的某個cache的name一致 */ @CacheConfig(cacheNames = "wangCache") @Repository public class CacheingBookImpl implements CachingBook { @Autowired private BookDAO bookDAO; //value 值必須與encache.xml中的某個cache的name一致 @Cacheable(value = "wangCache") @Override public Book findById(String name) { System.out.println("緩存中沒有數據"); return bookDAO.findByName(name); } //value 值必須與encache.xml中的某個cache的name一致 @CachePut("wangCache") @Override public Book updateById(Book book) { System.out.println("更新功能:更新緩存。直接寫庫: id=" + book); return bookDAO.save(book); } //value 值必須與encache.xml中的某個cache的name一致 @CacheEvict("wangCache") @Override public String deleteById(String id) { System.out.println("刪除緩存,直接寫庫 id=" + id); return "OK"; } }
測試代碼:
package com.wangx.boot.controller; import com.wangx.boot.cache.CachingBook; import com.wangx.boot.entity.Book; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*; @RestController @RequestMapping("/api") public class ApiController { @Autowired private CachingBook cachingBook; @RequestMapping(value = "/select", method = RequestMethod.GET) public Book get(@RequestParam(defaultValue = "遮天") String name) { Book book = cachingBook.findById(name); return book; } @RequestMapping(value = "/update", method = RequestMethod.GET) public Book update(@RequestParam(defaultValue = "遮天") String name) { Book bean = cachingBook.findById(name); bean.setAuthor("耳根"); cachingBook.updateById(bean); return bean; } @RequestMapping(value = "/del", method = RequestMethod.GET) public String del(@RequestParam(defaultValue = "遮天") String name) { return cachingBook.deleteById(name); } }
當調用查詢時,會先去緩存中獲取數據,如果沒有,才會調用CacheingBookImpl 中的find方法,並將查詢出來的值保存到緩存中,下一次再請求時由於緩存中有數據,所以不會再調用持久層的方法,修改方法每次都會調用持久層方法並修改緩存。delete會刪除緩存。cache的幾個注解的含義
@CacheConfig 緩存配置
@Cacheable 應用到讀取數據的方法上,即可緩存方法,:如查找方法。先從緩存中讀取,如果沒有再調用方法獲取數據,然后把數據存儲到緩存中,適用於查找。
@CachePut: 主要針對方法配置,能夠根據方法的請求參數對其結果進行緩存。和@Cacheable不同的是,它每次都會觸發真實的方法調用,適用於更新和插入。
@CacheEvict:主要根據方法配置,能夠根據一定的條件對緩存進行清空,適用於刪除。
4. 使用Redis緩存
有了前面使用緩存的示例之后,redis操作就非常簡單了,只需要引入redis依賴,將配置文件中的spring.cache.type配置為redis,
spring.cache.type=redis.需要注意的是,需要緩存的實體類必須實現序列化,否則會報未序列化的錯誤。如Book.java
package com.wangx.boot.entity; import javax.persistence.Entity; import javax.persistence.Id; import java.io.Serializable; @Entity public class Book implements Serializable { @Id private int id; private String name; private String author; public int getId() { return id; } public void setId(int id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public String getAuthor() { return author; } public void setAuthor(String author) { this.author = author; } @Override public String toString() { return "Book{" + "id=" + id + ", name='" + name + '\'' + ", author='" + author + '\'' + '}'; } }
其他的代碼都不用改,只是將encache換成redis就可以了,測試也跟使用Ehcache作用相同。
使用redis還可以使用配置類自定義一些不同的信息,自定義方式如下:
package com.roncoo.example.util.configuration; import java.lang.reflect.Method; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Map; import org.springframework.cache.CacheManager; import org.springframework.cache.annotation.CachingConfigurerSupport; import org.springframework.cache.interceptor.KeyGenerator; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.data.redis.cache.RedisCacheManager; import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate; /** * redis 自定義緩存管理器 * * @author wujing */ @Configuration public class RedisCacheConfiguration extends CachingConfigurerSupport { /** * 自定義緩存管理器. * * @param redisTemplate * @return */ @Bean public CacheManager cacheManager(RedisTemplate<?, ?> redisTemplate) { RedisCacheManager cacheManager = new RedisCacheManager(redisTemplate); // 設置默認的過期時間 cacheManager.setDefaultExpiration(20); Map<String, Long> expires = new HashMap<String, Long>(); // 單獨設置 expires.put("roncooCache", 200L); cacheManager.setExpires(expires); return cacheManager; } /** * 自定義key. 此方法將會根據類名+方法名+所有參數的值生成唯一的一個key,即使@Cacheable中的value屬性一樣,key也會不一樣。 */ @Override public KeyGenerator keyGenerator() { return new KeyGenerator() { @Override public Object generate(Object o, Method method, Object... objects) { StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); sb.append(o.getClass().getName()); sb.append(method.getName()); for (Object obj : objects) { sb.append(obj.toString()); } return sb.toString(); } }; } }
可以根據自己的業務配置不同的信息。
