C實現通訊錄管理系統（亮點：純鏈表實現、子串匹配，文件讀寫）

題目：通訊錄管理程序

問題描述

編寫一個簡單的通訊錄管理程序。通訊錄記錄有姓名，地址(省、市(縣)、街道)，電話號碼，郵政編碼等四項。

基本要求

程序應提供的基本基本管理功能有：

1） 添加：即增加一個人的記錄到通信錄中

2） 顯示：即在屏幕上顯示所有通信錄中的人員信息，應能分屏顯示。

3） 存儲：即將通訊錄信息保存在一個文件中。

4） 裝入：即將文件中的信息讀入程序。

5） 查詢：可根據姓名查找某人的相關信息，若找到顯示其姓名、地址、電話號碼和郵政編碼。

6） 修改：可修改一個人的除姓名外其它信息。

測試數據

程序應輸入不少於10個人員的通訊錄信息，應考慮到人員可以同名的情況。

實現提示

程序可用一個結構體數組、單向鏈表或對象數組來管理人員信息，每個人員的姓名，地址，電話號碼和郵政編碼用一個結構體或類實現。

代碼：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

#define CHARMAX 30

typedef struct record {
    char name[CHARMAX];
    char phonenumber[11];
    char address[3][CHARMAX]; //0-省 1-市 2-街道
    char postcode[6];
    struct record *next;
} RECORD;

void PrintMenu();

void AlterString(RECORD *head);

RECORD *InputRecord(RECORD *head, int *total);

void PrintAllRecords(RECORD *head, const int *total);

RECORD *DeleteRecord(RECORD *head,int *total);

RECORD *ReviseRecord(RECORD *head);

RECORD *SearchRecord(RECORD *head, int onlyOneRecord) ;

RECORD *ImportRecords(RECORD *head, int *total);

RECORD *ExportRecords(RECORD *head);

int main() {
    int total = 0, selection;
    RECORD *head = NULL;
    printf("Welcome to Directory Management System!\n");
    printf("By XZ&YYM\n");
    printf("---------------------------------------------\n");

    do {
        PrintMenu();
        scanf("%d", &selection);
        system("cls");
        switch (selection) {
            case 0:
                break;
            case 1:
                head = InputRecord(head, &total);
                break;
            case 2:
                PrintAllRecords(head, &total);
                break;
            case 3:
                head = DeleteRecord(head,&total);
                break;
            case 4:
                head = ReviseRecord(head);
                break;
            case 5:
                SearchRecord(head,0);
                break;
            case 6:
                head = ImportRecords(head,&total);
                break;
            case 7:
                ExportRecords(head);
                break;
            default:
                printf("\n\n-- Sorry!Please input 0-10!\n");
        };
    } while (selection != 0);
    return 0;
}

void PrintMenu() {
    printf("\n");
    printf("|1.Input record\n");
    printf("|2.List all records\n");
    printf("|3.Delete record\n");
    printf("|4.Revise record\n");
    printf("|5.Search record\n");
    printf("|6.Import records from file\n");
    printf("|7.Export records to file\n");
    printf("|0.Exit\n");
    printf("|Please input 0-7 to select function :");
}

//功能：將字符串后的回車刪掉
//入參：鏈表首地址
//出參：無
void AlterString(RECORD *head) {
    int m;
    RECORD *p1 = head;

    while (p1 != NULL) {
        for (m = 0; m < CHARMAX; m++) {
            if (*((p1->name) + m) == '\n') {
                *((p1->name) + m) = '\0';
            }
        }
        for (m = 0; m < 11; m++) {
            if (*((p1->phonenumber) + m) == '\n') {
                *((p1->phonenumber) + m) = '\0';
            }
        }
        for (m = 0; m < CHARMAX; m++) {
            if (*((p1->address[0]) + m) == '\n') {
                *((p1->address[0]) + m) = '\0';
            }
        }
        for (m = 0; m < CHARMAX; m++) {
            if (*((p1->address[1]) + m) == '\n') {
                *((p1->address[1]) + m) = '\0';
            }
        }
        for (m = 0; m < CHARMAX; m++) {
            if (*((p1->address[2]) + m) == '\n') {
                *((p1->address[2]) + m) = '\0';
            }
        }
        for (m = 0; m < 6; m++) {
            if (*((p1->postcode) + m) == '\n') {
                *((p1->postcode) + m) = '\0';
            }
        }
        p1 = p1->next;
    }
}

//功能：連續輸入數據
//入參：鏈表首地址，數據總數地址
//出參：鏈表首地址
RECORD *InputRecord(RECORD *head, int *total) {
    int i = *total;
    char inputChar;
    RECORD *p = head, *input = (RECORD *) malloc(sizeof(RECORD));

    printf("\n-- Start to Input Record\n");

    //如果擁有數據，則輸出現有數據總數
    if (*total) {
        printf("-- You have had %d records\n\n", *total);
    }

    do {
        //輸入數據
        printf("Input NO.%d Record`s Name:", i + 1);
        fflush(stdin);
        fgets(input->name, CHARMAX + 1, stdin);
        printf("Input NO.%d Record`s Phone Number:", i + 1);
        fflush(stdin);
        fgets(input->phonenumber,CHARMAX + 1, stdin);
        printf("Input NO.%d Record`s Address:\n", i + 1);
        printf("- Input NO.%d Record`s Province:", i + 1);
        fflush(stdin);
        fgets(input->address[0], CHARMAX + 1, stdin);
        printf("- Input NO.%d Record`s City:", i + 1);
        fflush(stdin);
        fgets(input->address[1], CHARMAX + 1, stdin);
        printf("- Input NO.%d Record`s Street:", i + 1);
        fflush(stdin);
        fgets(input->address[2], CHARMAX + 1, stdin);
        printf("- Input NO.%d Record`s Postcode:", i + 1);
        fflush(stdin);
        fgets(input->postcode, 7, stdin);
        input->next = NULL; //插入時放於鏈表的最后

        //插入數據，分為首數據和非首數據
        if (head == NULL) {
            head = input;
            p = input;
        } else {
            while (p->next != NULL) {
                p = p->next;
            }
            p->next = input;
        }

        //增加數據計數
        (*total)++;

        //詢問是否繼續
        printf("\nDo you want to continue?(Y/N):");
        scanf(" %c", &inputChar);
        if (inputChar == 'Y' || inputChar == 'y') {  //直接用getchar必須輸入大寫Y才能繼續
            //創建新的空間
            input = (RECORD *) malloc(sizeof(RECORD));
            i++;
        } else {
            break;
        }
    } while (1);

    //將字符串后面的回車刪除
    AlterString(head);
    return head;

}

//功能：打印全部數據
//入參：鏈表首地址，數據總數地址
//出參：無
void PrintAllRecords(RECORD *head, const int *total) {
    int page = 1, firstIndex = 0, i, pageAmount = *total / 10 + 1;
    RECORD *p = head;
    do {
        system("cls");

        //處理輸入的數字過大或過小
        if (page > pageAmount) {
            printf("-- Sorry! The MAX of pages is %d\n", pageAmount);
        } else if (page < 0) {
            printf("-- Sorry! The number have to be positive\n");
        } else {
            //處理分頁
            firstIndex = 10 * (page - 1);

            printf("NO.\tName\tPhonenumber\tProvince\tCity\tStreet\tPostcode\t\n");

            //處理前置數據
            p = head;
            for (i = 0; i < firstIndex; ++i) {
                p = p->next;
            }

            i = 0;

            //輸出數據
            while (p != NULL && i < 10) { //todo 大量數據可能出現問題
                i++;
                printf("NO.%d\t%s\t%s\t\t%s\t\t%s\t%s\t%s\t\n", i+firstIndex,p->name, p->phonenumber, p->address[0], p->address[1],
                       p->address[2],
                       p->postcode);
                p = p->next;
            }
            printf("-- Page %d (Total %d pages)\n ", page, pageAmount);
        }

        printf("-- Jump to page number (Input 0 to finish):");
        scanf("%d", &page);
    } while (page);
}

//功能：刪除某條數據
//入參：鏈表首地址
//出參：鏈表首地址
RECORD *DeleteRecord(RECORD *head,int *total) {
    RECORD *p1 = head, *p2,*searchResult;
    searchResult = SearchRecord(head, 1);

    while (p1 != NULL && p1 != searchResult) {
        p2 = p1;         //p2上一個節點
        p1 = p1->next;   //p1下一個節點
    }

    if (p1 == head) {
        head = p1->next;
        free(p1);
        (*total)--; //todo
        printf("\n-- Success!\n");
    } else if (p1 != NULL) {
        p2->next = p1->next;
        free(p1);
        (*total)--;
        printf("\n-- Success!\n");
    } else {
        printf("\n-- Do not find this id!\n");
    }
    return head;


}

//功能：輸出某條數據
//入參：數據地址
//出參：無
void PrintOneRecord(RECORD *p) {
    printf("Name:%s\tPhonenumber:%s\tProvince:%s\tCity:%s\tStreet::%s\tPostcode:%s\t\n", p->name, p->phonenumber,
           p->address[0], p->address[1], p->address[2], p->postcode);
}

//功能：更改數據
//入參：數據地址
//出參：無
RECORD *ReviseRecord(RECORD *head){
    RECORD *p1 = head, *p2,*searchResult,*input = (RECORD *) malloc(sizeof(RECORD));
    //返回需要更改的數組地址
    searchResult = SearchRecord(head, 1);
    if (!searchResult){
        return head;
    }
    //輸入數據
    printf("\nInput the newRecord`s Name:");
    fflush(stdin);
    fgets(input->name, CHARMAX + 1, stdin);
    printf("Input the newRecord`s Phone Number:");
    fflush(stdin);
    fgets(input->phonenumber,CHARMAX + 1, stdin);
    printf("Input the Record`s Address:\n");
    printf("- Input the newRecord`s Province:");
    fflush(stdin);
    fgets(input->address[0], CHARMAX + 1, stdin);
    printf("- Input the newRecord`s City:");
    fflush(stdin);
    fgets(input->address[1], CHARMAX + 1, stdin);
    printf("- Input the newRecord`s Street:");
    fflush(stdin);
    fgets(input->address[2], CHARMAX + 1, stdin);
    printf("- Input the newRecord`s Postcode:");
    fflush(stdin);
    fgets(input->postcode, 7, stdin);
    //插入時放於鏈表的最后
    input->next = NULL;

    while (p1 != NULL && p1 != searchResult) {
        p2 = p1;         //p2上一個節點
        p1 = p1->next;   //p1下一個節點
    }
    if (p1 == head) {
        head = input;
        input->next = p1->next;
        free(p1); //是否要釋放?
        printf("\n-- Success the Revise!\n");
    } else if (p1 != NULL) {
        p2->next = input;
        input->next = p1->next;
        free(p1);
        printf("\n-- Success Revise!\n");
    } else {
        printf("\n-- Do not find this id!\n");
    }
    AlterString(head);
    return head;
}

//功能：搜索數據，並返回唯一搜索結果
//入參：鏈表首地址，是否要求返回唯一結果
//出參：數據地址
RECORD *SearchRecord(RECORD *head, int onlyOneRecord) {
    int amount = 0, i = 0, selection = 0; //i,p1循環變量
    char input[CHARMAX];
    RECORD *p1 = head, *results[100] = {NULL}; //result是RECORD類型的指針數組

    printf("\n-- Search the record:");
    setbuf(stdin, NULL);
    fgets(input, CHARMAX + 1, stdin);

    //去除字符串回車
    for (i = 0; i < CHARMAX; ++i) {
        if (*((input) + i) == '\n') {
            *((input) + i) = '\0';
        }
    }

    //遍歷搜索
    while (p1 != NULL) {
        if (strstr(p1->name, input) ||   //strstr()判斷是否為子串
            strstr(p1->phonenumber, input) ||
            strstr(p1->address[0], input) ||
            strstr(p1->address[1], input) ||
            strstr(p1->address[2], input) ||
            strstr(p1->postcode, input)) {
            results[amount] = p1;
            amount++;
        }
        p1 = p1->next;
    }

    //若有多個結果，提示用戶選擇
    if (amount > 1) {
        printf("\n-- Search Result:\n");
        for (i = 0; i < amount; i++) {
            printf("NO.%d\t", i + 1);
            PrintOneRecord(results[i]);
        }
        if (!onlyOneRecord) {
            return NULL; //如果不需要去重，則返回NULL
        }
        printf("\n-- Input the number you want to change: ");
        scanf("%d", &selection);
        //處理輸入數據不正確，默認返回第一個
        if (selection - 1 > amount || selection < 0) {
            printf("\n-- Wrong input (Choose the first record automatically)");
            return results[0];
        }
        return results[selection - 1];
    } else if (!amount) {
        printf("\n-- Sorry! No result!");
        return NULL;
    } else {
        printf("\n-- Search Result:\n");
        PrintOneRecord(results[0]);
        return results[0];
    }


}

//功能：導入文件中的數據
//入參：鏈表首地址，總條數
//出參：數據地址
RECORD *ImportRecords(RECORD *head, int *total) {
    int i = *total,m=3;
    FILE *fpRead;
    RECORD *p = head, *input;

    fpRead = fopen("stu.txt","r");
    if(fpRead==NULL){
        printf("can't open file\n");
        return 0;
    }
    do {
        //輸入數據
        input = (RECORD *) malloc(sizeof(RECORD));
        fread(input, sizeof(struct record),1,fpRead);
        input->next = NULL; //插入時放於鏈表的最后

        //插入數據，分為首數據和非首數據
        if (head == NULL) {
            head = input;
            p = input;
        } else {
            while (p->next != NULL) {
                p = p->next;
            }
            p->next = input;
        }

        //增加數據計數
        (*total)++;
        m--;

    } while (m);

    return head;

}

//功能：搜索數據，並返回唯一搜索結果
//入參：鏈表首地址，是否要求返回唯一結果
//出參：數據地址
RECORD *ExportRecords(RECORD *head){
    FILE *fp;
    struct record *p=head;
    if((fp=fopen("stu.txt","wb"))==NULL)
    {
        printf("Fail to open the stu.txt!\n");
        exit(0);
    }
    while(p != NULL)
    {
        fwrite(p, sizeof(struct record),1,fp);
        p=p->next;
    }
    fclose(fp);
    printf("you have save correctly!\n");
    return 0;
}