1、什么是Spring Cloud Gateway
Spring Cloud Gateway是Spring官方基於Spring 5.0,Spring Boot 2.0和Project Reactor等技術開發的網關,Spring Cloud Gateway旨在為微服務架構提供一種簡單而有效的統一的API路由管理方式。Spring Cloud Gateway作為Spring Cloud生態系統中的網關,目標是替代Netflix ZUUL,其不僅提供統一的路由方式,並且基於Filter鏈的方式提供了網關基本的功能,例如:安全,監控/埋點,和限流等。
2、Spring Cloud Gateway入門案例
2.1 創建maven工程,pom.xml文件
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.lynch</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-gateway</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>2.0.3.RELEASE</version> <relativePath /> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding> <java.version>1.8</java.version> <spring-cloud.version>Finchley.RELEASE</spring-cloud.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-gateway</artifactId> </dependency> </dependencies> <dependencyManagement> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId> <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version> <type>pom</type> <scope>import</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> </dependencyManagement> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>
2.2 Spring Cloud Gateway主程序
package com.lynch; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.route.RouteLocator; import org.springframework.cloud.gateway.route.builder.RouteLocatorBuilder; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; /** * Spring Cloud Gateway主程序 * * @author Lynch */ @SpringBootApplication public class Application { @Bean public RouteLocator customRouteLocator(RouteLocatorBuilder builder) { return builder.routes() // basic proxy .route(r -> r.path("/baidu") .uri("http://baidu.com:80/")) .build(); } public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args); } }
2.3 編寫application.yml文件
server: port: 8080 spring: application: name: spring-cloud-gateway cloud: gateway: routes: - id: xujin_route uri: http://www.xujin.org:80/ predicates: - Path=/xujin logging: level: org.springframework.cloud.gateway: TRACE org.springframework.http.server.reactive: DEBUG org.springframework.web.reactive: DEBUG reactor.ipc.netty: DEBUG
2.4 基本代理路由配置等同寫法
Spring Cloud Gateway提供了兩種配置路由規則的方法
第一:通過@Bean自定義RouteLocator
@Bean public RouteLocator customRouteLocator(RouteLocatorBuilder builder) { return builder.routes() // basic proxy .route(r -> r.path("/baidu") .uri("http://baidu.com:80/")) .build(); }
第二:通過屬於文件或者yml文件配置
spring: cloud: gateway: routes: - id: xujin_route uri: http://www.xujin.org:80/ predicates: - Path=/xujin
2.5 運行測試
訪問http://localhost:8080/baidu,路由轉發到http://www.baidu.com
訪問http://localhost:8080/xujin,路由轉發到http://xujin.orgyml