Spring(AbstractRoutingDataSource)實現動態數據源切換


轉自: http://blog.51cto.com/linhongyu/1615895

 

一、前言

    近期一項目A需實現數據同步到另一項目B數據庫中,在不改變B項目的情況下,只好選擇項目A中切換數據源,直接把數據寫入項目B的數據庫中。這種需求,在數據同步與定時任務中經常需要。

    那么問題來了,該如何解決多數據源問題呢?不光是要配置多個數據源,還得能靈活動態的切換數據源。以spring+hibernate框架項目為例(引用:http://blog.csdn.net/wangpeng047/article/details/8866239博客的圖片):

    

    單個數據源綁定給sessionFactory,再在Dao層操作,若多個數據源的話,那不是就成了下圖:

    

    可見,sessionFactory都寫死在了Dao層,若我再添加個數據源的話,則又得添加一個sessionFactory。所以比較好的做法應該是下圖:

    接下來就為大家講解下如何用spring來整合這些數據源,同樣以spring+hibernate配置為例。

 

二、實現原理

    1、擴展Spring的AbstractRoutingDataSource抽象類(該類充當了DataSource的路由中介, 能有在運行時, 根據某種key值來動態切換到真正的DataSource上。)

    從AbstractRoutingDataSource的源碼中:

1 public abstract class AbstractRoutingDataSource extends AbstractDataSource implements InitializingBean

    我們可以看到,它繼承了AbstractDataSource,而AbstractDataSource不就是javax.sql.DataSource的子類,So我們可以分析下它的getConnection方法:

1 public Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {  
2     return determineTargetDataSource().getConnection();  
3 }  
4   
5 public Connection getConnection(String username, String password) throws SQLException {  
6      return determineTargetDataSource().getConnection(username, password);  
7 }

    獲取連接的方法中,重點是determineTargetDataSource()方法,看源碼:

 
 1 /** 
 2      * Retrieve the current target DataSource. Determines the 
 3      * {@link #determineCurrentLookupKey() current lookup key}, performs 
 4      * a lookup in the {@link #setTargetDataSources targetDataSources} map, 
 5      * falls back to the specified 
 6      * {@link #setDefaultTargetDataSource default target DataSource} if necessary. 
 7      * @see #determineCurrentLookupKey() 
 8      */  
 9     protected DataSource determineTargetDataSource() {  
10         Assert.notNull(this.resolvedDataSources, "DataSource router not initialized");  
11         Object lookupKey = determineCurrentLookupKey();  
12         DataSource dataSource = this.resolvedDataSources.get(lookupKey);  
13         if (dataSource == null && (this.lenientFallback || lookupKey == null)) {  
14             dataSource = this.resolvedDefaultDataSource;  
15         }  
16         if (dataSource == null) {  
17             throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot determine target DataSource for lookup key [" + lookupKey + "]");  
18         }  
19         return dataSource;  
20     }

    上面這段源碼的重點在於determineCurrentLookupKey()方法,這是AbstractRoutingDataSource類中的一個抽象方法,而它的返回值是你所要用的數據源dataSource的key值,有了這個key值,resolvedDataSource(這是個map,由配置文件中設置好后存入的)就從中取出對應的DataSource,如果找不到,就用配置默認的數據源。

    看完源碼,應該有點啟發了吧,沒錯!你要擴展AbstractRoutingDataSource類,並重寫其中的determineCurrentLookupKey()方法,來實現數據源的切換:

 1 package com.datasource.test.util.database;
 2 
 3 import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.lookup.AbstractRoutingDataSource;
 4 
 5 /**
 6  * 獲取數據源(依賴於spring)
 7  * @author linhy
 8  */
 9 public class DynamicDataSource extends AbstractRoutingDataSource{
10     @Override
11     protected Object determineCurrentLookupKey() {
12         return DataSourceHolder.getDataSource();
13     }
14 }

    DataSourceHolder這個類則是我們自己封裝的對數據源進行操作的類:

 1 package com.datasource.test.util.database;
 2 
 3 /**
 4  * 數據源操作
 5  * @author linhy
 6  */
 7 public class DataSourceHolder {
 8     //線程本地環境
 9     private static final ThreadLocal<String> dataSources = new ThreadLocal<String>();
10     //設置數據源
11     public static void setDataSource(String customerType) {
12         dataSources.set(customerType);
13     }
14     //獲取數據源
15     public static String getDataSource() {
16         return (String) dataSources.get();
17     }
18     //清除數據源
19     public static void clearDataSource() {
20         dataSources.remove();
21     }
22 
23 }

    2、有人就要問,那你setDataSource這方法是要在什么時候執行呢?當然是在你需要切換數據源的時候執行啦。手動在代碼中調用寫死嗎?這是多蠢的方法,當然要讓它動態咯。所以我們可以應用spring aop來設置,把配置的數據源類型都設置成為注解標簽,在service層中需要切換數據源的方法上,寫上注解標簽,調用相應方法切換數據源咯(就跟你設置事務一樣):

1 @DataSource(name=DataSource.slave1)
2 public List getProducts(){
 

    當然,注解標簽的用法可能很少人用到,但它可是個好東西哦,大大的幫助了我們開發:

 1 package com.datasource.test.util.database;
 2 
 3 import java.lang.annotation.*;
 4 
 5 @Target({ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.TYPE})
 6 @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
 7 @Documented
 8 public @interface DataSource {
 9     String name() default DataSource.master;
10 
11     public static String master = "dataSource1";
12 
13     public static String slave1 = "dataSource2";
14 
15     public static String slave2 = "dataSource3";
16 
17 }

三、配置文件

    為了精簡篇幅,省略了無關本內容主題的配置。

    項目中單獨分離出application-database.xml,關於數據源配置的文件。

  1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
  2 <!-- Spring 數據庫相關配置 放在這里 -->
  3 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
  4        xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  5        xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
  6        xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
  7        xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
  8        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
  9        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
 10         http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd
 11         http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
 12         http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd">
 13 
 14     <bean id = "dataSource1" class = "com.mysql.jdbc.jdbc2.optional.MysqlDataSource">   
 15         <property name="url" value="${db1.url}"/>
 16         <property name = "user" value = "${db1.user}"/>
 17         <property name = "password" value = "${db1.pwd}"/>
 18         <property name="autoReconnect" value="true"/>
 19         <property name="useUnicode"  value="true"/>
 20         <property name="characterEncoding" value="UTF-8"/>
 21     </bean>
 22 
 23     <bean id = "dataSource2" class = "com.mysql.jdbc.jdbc2.optional.MysqlDataSource">
 24         <property name="url" value="${db2.url}"/>
 25         <property name = "user" value = "${db2.user}"/>
 26         <property name = "password" value = "${db2.pwd}"/>
 27         <property name="autoReconnect" value="true"/>
 28         <property name="useUnicode"  value="true"/>
 29         <property name="characterEncoding" value="UTF-8"/>
 30     </bean>
 31 
 32     <bean id = "dataSource3" class = "com.mysql.jdbc.jdbc2.optional.MysqlDataSource">
 33         <property name="url" value="${db3.url}"/>
 34         <property name = "user" value = "${db3.user}"/>
 35         <property name = "password" value = "${db3.pwd}"/>
 36         <property name="autoReconnect" value="true"/>
 37         <property name="useUnicode"  value="true"/>
 38         <property name="characterEncoding" value="UTF-8"/>
 39     </bean>
 40     <!-- 配置多數據源映射關系 -->
 41     <bean id="dataSource" class="com.datasource.test.util.database.DynamicDataSource">
 42         <property name="targetDataSources">
 43             <map key-type="java.lang.String">
 44         <entry key="dataSource1" value-ref="dataSource1"></entry>
 45                 <entry key="dataSource2" value-ref="dataSource2"></entry>
 46                 <entry key="dataSource3" value-ref="dataSource3"></entry>
 47             </map>
 48         </property>
 49     <!-- 默認目標數據源為你主庫數據源 -->
 50         <property name="defaultTargetDataSource" ref="dataSource1"/>
 51     </bean>
 52 
 53     <bean id="sessionFactoryHibernate" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
 54         <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
 55         <property name="hibernateProperties">
 56             <props>
 57                 <prop key="hibernate.dialect">com.datasource.test.util.database.ExtendedMySQLDialect</prop>
 58                 <prop key="hibernate.show_sql">${SHOWSQL}</prop>
 59                 <prop key="hibernate.format_sql">${SHOWSQL}</prop>
 60                 <prop key="query.factory_class">org.hibernate.hql.classic.ClassicQueryTranslatorFactory</prop>
 61                 <prop key="hibernate.connection.provider_class">org.hibernate.connection.C3P0ConnectionProvider</prop>
 62                 <prop key="hibernate.c3p0.max_size">30</prop>
 63                 <prop key="hibernate.c3p0.min_size">5</prop>
 64                 <prop key="hibernate.c3p0.timeout">120</prop>
 65                 <prop key="hibernate.c3p0.idle_test_period">120</prop>
 66                 <prop key="hibernate.c3p0.acquire_increment">2</prop>
 67                 <prop key="hibernate.c3p0.validate">true</prop>
 68                 <prop key="hibernate.c3p0.max_statements">100</prop>
 69             </props>
 70         </property>
 71     </bean>
 72 
 73     <bean id="hibernateTemplate" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTemplate">
 74         <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactoryHibernate"/>
 75     </bean>
 76 
 77     <bean id="dataSourceExchange" class="com.datasource.test.util.database.DataSourceExchange"/>
 78 
 79     <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
 80         <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactoryHibernate"/>
 81     </bean>
 82 
 83     <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
 84         <tx:attributes>
 85             <tx:method name="insert*" propagation="NESTED" rollback-for="Exception"/>
 86             <tx:method name="add*" propagation="NESTED" rollback-for="Exception"/>
 87             <tx:method name="update*" propagation="NESTED" rollback-for="Exception"/>
 88             <tx:method name="modify*" propagation="NESTED" rollback-for="Exception"/>
 89             <tx:method name="edit*" propagation="NESTED" rollback-for="Exception"/>
 90             <tx:method name="del*" propagation="NESTED" rollback-for="Exception"/>
 91             <tx:method name="save*" propagation="NESTED" rollback-for="Exception"/>
 92             <tx:method name="send*" propagation="NESTED" rollback-for="Exception"/>
 93             <tx:method name="get*" read-only="true"/>
 94             <tx:method name="find*" read-only="true"/>
 95             <tx:method name="query*" read-only="true"/>
 96             <tx:method name="search*" read-only="true"/>
 97             <tx:method name="select*" read-only="true"/>
 98             <tx:method name="count*" read-only="true"/>
 99         </tx:attributes>
100     </tx:advice>
101 
102     <aop:config>
103         <aop:pointcut id="service" expression="execution(* com.datasource..*.service.*.*(..))"/>
104         <!-- 關鍵配置,切換數據源一定要比持久層代碼更先執行(事務也算持久層代碼) -->
105         <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="service" order="2"/>
106         <aop:advisor advice-ref="dataSourceExchange" pointcut-ref="service" order="1"/>
107     </aop:config>
108 
109 </beans>

四、疑問

    多數據源切換是成功了,但牽涉到事務呢?單數據源事務是ok的,但如果多數據源需要同時使用一個事務呢?這個問題有點頭大,網絡上有人提出用atomikos開源項目實現JTA分布式事務處理。你怎么看?

 

五、dataSourceExchange 是怎樣寫的?

dataSourceExchange對應的類可以實現接口org.aopalliance.intercept.MethodInterceptor的invoke方法|@|@Override|@|public Object invoke(MethodInvocation invocation) throws Throwable {|@|   DataSource dataSource = invocation.getMethod().getAnnotation(DataSource.class); |@|   DataSourceHolder.setDataSource(dataSource.name());|@|   try {|@|     invocation.proceed();|@|   } catch (Exception ex) { |@|   }|@|   return null;|@|}|@|pointcut的expression也可以寫成@annotation(com.xxx.DataSource)|@|使用的時候,只需要在方法上加上注解@DataSource就行了|@|@DataSource(name = DataSource.slave1)|@|public void insert(String name) {|@|}


免責聲明!

本站轉載的文章為個人學習借鑒使用,本站對版權不負任何法律責任。如果侵犯了您的隱私權益,請聯系本站郵箱yoyou2525@163.com刪除。



 
粵ICP備18138465號   © 2018-2025 CODEPRJ.COM