《python3網絡爬蟲開發實戰》--驗證碼的識別

1.圖形驗證碼：

中國知網：http://my.cnki.net/elibRegister/CommonRegister.aspx

import tesserocr
from PIL import Image

image = Image.open('code2.jpg')
image = image.convert('L')
threshold = 180
table = []
for i in range(256):
    if i < threshold:
        table.append(0)
    else:
        table.append(1)

image = image.point(table, '1')
#image = image.convert('1')
#image.show()

result = tesserocr.image_to_text(image)
print(result)

2. 極驗滑動驗證碼的識別

https://www.geetest.com/Sensebot

對於應用了極驗驗證碼的網站如果我們直接模擬表單提交，加密參數的構造是個問題，需要分析其加密和校驗邏輯，相對煩瑣 。 所以我們采用直接模擬瀏覽器動作的方式來完成驗證 。

可以使用 Selenium來完全模擬人的行為的方式來完成驗證，此驗證成本相比直接去識別加密算法少很多 。

https://account.geetest.com/login

(I)模擬點擊驗證按鈕。

(2)識別附動缺口的位置 。

(3)模擬拖動滑塊 。

import time
from io import BytesIO
from PIL import Image
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC

EMAIL = '[e-mail]'
PASSWORD = '123'
BORDER = 6
#INIT_LEFT = 60


class CrackGeetest():
    def __init__(self):
        self.url = 'https://account.geetest.com/login'
        self.browser = webdriver.Chrome()
        self.wait = WebDriverWait(self.browser, 20)
        self.email = EMAIL
        self.password = PASSWORD

    def __del__(self):
        self.browser.close()

    def get_geetest_button(self):
        """
        獲取初始驗證按鈕
        :return:
        """
        button = self.wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CLASS_NAME, 'geetest_radar_tip')))
        return button

    def get_position(self):
        """
        獲取驗證碼位置
        :return: 驗證碼位置元組
        """
        img = self.wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CLASS_NAME, 'geetest_canvas_img')))
        time.sleep(2)
        location = img.location
        size = img.size
        top, bottom, left, right = location['y'], location['y'] + size['height'], location['x'], location['x'] + size[
            'width']
        return (top, bottom, left, right)

    def get_screenshot(self):
        """
        獲取網頁截圖
        :return: 截圖對象
        """
        screenshot = self.browser.get_screenshot_as_png()
        screenshot = Image.open(BytesIO(screenshot))
        return screenshot

    def get_slider(self):
        """
        獲取滑塊
        :return: 滑塊對象
        """
        slider = self.wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CLASS_NAME, 'geetest_slider_button')))
        return slider

    def get_geetest_image(self, name='captcha.png'):
        """
        獲取驗證碼圖片
        :return: 圖片對象
        """
        top, bottom, left, right = self.get_position()
        print('驗證碼位置', top, bottom, left, right)
        screenshot = self.get_screenshot()
        # crop將圖片裁剪
        captcha = screenshot.crop((left, top, right, bottom))
        captcha.save(name)
        return captcha

    def open(self):
        """
        打開網頁輸入用戶名密碼
        :return: None
        """
        self.browser.get(self.url)
        email = self.wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, 'email')))
        password = self.wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, 'password')))
        email.send_keys(self.email)
        password.send_keys(self.password)

    def get_gap(self, image1, image2):
        """
        獲取缺口偏移量
        :param image1: 不帶缺口圖片
        :param image2: 帶缺口圖片
        :return:
        """
        left = 60
        for i in range(left, image1.size[0]):
            for j in range(image1.size[1]):
                if not self.is_pixel_equal(image1, image2, i, j):
                    left = i
                    return left
        return left

    def is_pixel_equal(self, image1, image2, x, y):
        """
        判斷兩個像素是否相同
        :param image1: 圖片1
        :param image2: 圖片2
        :param x: 位置x
        :param y: 位置y
        :return: 像素是否相同
        """
        # 取兩個圖片的像素點
        pixel1 = image1.load()[x, y]
        pixel2 = image2.load()[x, y]
        threshold = 60
        if abs(pixel1[0] - pixel2[0]) < threshold and abs(pixel1[1] - pixel2[1]) < threshold and abs(
                pixel1[2] - pixel2[2]) < threshold:
            return True
        else:
            return False

    def get_track(self, distance):
        """
        根據偏移量獲取移動軌跡
        :param distance: 偏移量
        :return: 移動軌跡
        """
        # 移動軌跡
        track = []
        # 當前位移
        current = 0
        # 減速閾值
        mid = distance * 4 / 5
        # 計算間隔
        t = 0.2
        # 初速度
        v = 0

        while current < distance:
            if current < mid:
                # 加速度為正2
                a = 2
            else:
                # 加速度為負3
                a = -3
            # 初速度v0
            v0 = v
            # 當前速度v = v0 + at
            v = v0 + a * t
            # 移動距離x = v0t + 1/2 * a * t^2
            move = v0 * t + 1 / 2 * a * t * t
            # 當前位移
            current += move
            # 加入軌跡
            track.append(round(move))
        return track

    def move_to_gap(self, slider, track):
        """
        拖動滑塊到缺口處
        :param slider: 滑塊
        :param track: 軌跡
        :return:
        """
        ActionChains(self.browser).click_and_hold(slider).perform()
        for x in track:
            ActionChains(self.browser).move_by_offset(xoffset=x, yoffset=0).perform()
        time.sleep(0.5)
        ActionChains(self.browser).release().perform()

    def login(self):
        """
        登錄
        :return: None
        """
        submit = self.wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.CLASS_NAME, 'login-btn')))
        submit.click()
        time.sleep(10)
        print('登錄成功')

    def crack(self):
        # 輸入用戶名密碼
        self.open()
        # 點擊驗證按鈕
        button = self.get_geetest_button()
        button.click()
        # 獲取驗證碼圖片
        image1 = self.get_geetest_image('captcha1.png')
        # 點按呼出缺口
        slider = self.get_slider()
        slider.click()
        # 獲取帶缺口的驗證碼圖片
        image2 = self.get_geetest_image('captcha2.png')
        # 獲取缺口位置
        gap = self.get_gap(image1, image2)
        print('缺口位置', gap)
        # 減去缺口位移
        gap -= BORDER
        # 獲取移動軌跡
        track = self.get_track(gap)
        print('滑動軌跡', track)
        # 拖動滑塊
        self.move_to_gap(slider, track)

        success = self.wait.until(
            EC.text_to_be_present_in_element((By.CLASS_NAME, 'geetest_success_radar_tip_content'), '驗證成功'))
        print(success)

        # 失敗后重試
        if not success:
            self.crack()
        else:
            self.login()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    crack = CrackGeetest()
    crack.crack()

但是，當我們截取圖片的時候，網站將圖片分割為不同的圖片隨機組合，我們就無法使用這一方法。

 

3.點觸驗證碼的識別

點觸的網址掛了，

4. 微博宮格識別