1、mysql安裝
1 #安裝編譯環境 2 yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ gcc-devel g++ g++-devel; 3 yum install -y wget 4 yum install -y tar 5 6 #創建mysql用戶組及用戶 7 groupadd -f mysql 8 useradd -g mysql mysql 9 10 11 #編譯mysql 12 #安裝依賴 13 yum install -y ncurses ncurses-devel 14 yum install -y cmake 15 16 #解壓mysql包 17 tar -xf mysql-5.6.35.tar.gz 18 cd mysql-5.6.35.tar.gz 19 20 #創建mysql的data數據目錄 21 mkdir -p /data/mysql/data 22 chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql 23 24 #編譯，主要注意幾個目錄以及端口 25 cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/data/mysql -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/tmp/mysql.sock -DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_MEMORY_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_READLINE=1 -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/mysql/data -DMYSQL_USER=mysql -DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 -DSYSCONFDIR=/data/mysql -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all -DDOWNLOAD_BOOST=1 -DWITH_BOOST=/data/mysql/boost 26 27 #安裝 28 make -j 4 && make install 29 30 31 #配置數據庫 32 cd /data/mysql 33 34 #初始化數據庫 35 ./scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir="/data/mysql" --datadir="/data/mysql/data" 36 37 chown -R mysql:mysql 、/data/mysql/data/ 38 39 #復制服務到init.d目錄 40 cp /data/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql 41 42 #將mysql服務加入chkconfig管理列表 ,然后就可以用service進行操作，如果要開機自啟再執行 chkconfig mysql on 43 44 chkconfig /etc/init.d/mysql 45 46 #軟鏈接（快捷方式）,方便直接使用mysql客戶端和備份命令 47 ln -s /data/mysql/bin/mysql /bin/mysql 48 ln -s /data/mysql/bin/mysqldump /bin/mysqldump 49 50 #最后檢查mysql目錄下 my.cnf 配置文件，無誤后啟動mysql服務 51 service mysql start 52 53 #關閉命令 54 service mysql stop 55 #重啟命令 56 service mysql restart 57 58 #客戶端第一次登陸數據庫，沒有密碼的 59 mysql -uroot -p
mysql配置參考，有些參數視具體而定
# For advice on how to change settings please see # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html # *** DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE. It's a template which will be copied to the # *** default location during install, and will be replaced if you # *** upgrade to a newer version of MySQL. [client] port=3306 socket =/tmp/mysql.sock [mysqld] # Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data # cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%. # innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M # Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging # changes to the binary log between backups. # log_bin # These are commonly set, remove the # and set as required. basedir =/data/mysql datadir =/data/mysql/data port =3306 socket =/tmp/mysql.sock key_buffer_size = 128M open_files_limit = 10240 sort_buffer_size = 8M join_buffer_size = 4M read_buffer_size = 16M read_rnd_buffer_size=16M myisam_sort_buffer_size = 64M thread_cache_size = 8 query_cache_size = 32M query_cache_limit = 16M #允許臨時存放在查詢緩存區里的查詢結果的最大長度(默認設置是1M) max_connections=4000 max_allowed_packet = 1G default_storage_engine = InnoDB #默認引擎innodb bulk_insert_buffer_size = 200M #thread_stack = 512K #線程使用的堆大小. 此容量的內存在每次連接時被預留 thread_concurrency=16 #CPU的2倍,用於多核CPU上 innodb_buffer_pool_size = 1G innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M innodb_additional_mem_pool_size=32M innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=2 # 1:(默認值) 每一次事務提交或事務外的指令都需要把日志寫入硬盤 2:把日志寫入系統緩存 0:延遲寫入 #innodb_flush_method=3 # 1) Default – 使用fsync。 2) O_SYNC 以sync模式打開文件，通常比較慢。 3) O_DIRECT，在Linux上使用Direct IO。 innodb_thread_concurrency=16 innodb_file_io_threads=8 innodb_file_per_table = 1 # innodb_strict_mode=1 #建議加上 innodb_io_capacity = 500 relay_log_recovery=1 tmp_table_size=268435456 max_heap_table_size=268435456 slow_query_log=ON long_query_time=60 #添加慢查詢 slow_query_log_file=slowquery.log log_bin=mysql-bin binlog_format=mixed expire_logs_days=5 max_binlog_size=512M #日志文件太大讀寫效率降低 #從配置 slave-skip-errors=1062,1064 relay_log=mysql-relay-bin log_slave_updates=1 replicate-ignore-db=mysql,performance_schema,information_schema # Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers. # The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs. # Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values. # join_buffer_size = 128M # sort_buffer_size = 2M # read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES [mysqldump] quick max_allowed_packet = 1G [mysql] no-auto-rehash [myisamchk] key_buffer_size = 400M sort_buffer_size = 256M read_buffer = 2M write_buffer = 2M [mysqlhotcopy] interactive-timeout
2、php安裝，需要自己下載libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz 依賴
1 #安裝依賴 2 yum install -y libxml2-devel 3 yum install -y bzip2-devel 4 yum install -y libcurl-devel 5 yum install -y libjpeg-devel libpng-devel freetype-devel 6 7 #手動安裝libmcrypt依賴 8 tar -xf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz 9 cd libmcrypt-2.5.8 10 11 #配置 自定義安裝目錄 12 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libmcrypt 13 #開始安裝 14 make -j 4 && make install 15 cd ../ 16 17 #安裝php 18 tar -xf php-5.6.29.tar.gz 19 cd php-5.6.29 20 21 #配置信息 22 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/etc --enable-fpm --with-mcrypt=/usr/local/libmcrypt --with-zlib --enable-mbstring --with-openssl --with-mysql --with-mysqli --with-mysql-sock --with-gd --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-jpeg-dir=/usr/lib64 --with-freetype-dir=/usr/lib64 --with-png-dir=/usr/lib64 --enable-pdo --with-pdo-mysql --with-gettext --with-curl --enable-sockets --enable-bcmath --enable-xml --with-bz2 --enable-zip --enable-pcntl --enable-sysvmsg --enable-mysqlnd=mysqlnd --enable-calendar --enable-mbstring --enable-maintainer-zts 23 #開始安裝 24 make -j 4 && make install 25 cd ../
3、安裝nginx，需要手動下載pcre-8.39.tar.gz 和zlib-1.2.10.tar.gz
1 #我這里是提前把pcre、zlib以及nginx的包下載到了/data/install目錄 2 #實際安裝中的目錄根據具體的而定 3 4 #解壓依賴包 5 tar -xf pcre-8.39.tar.gz 6 tar -xf zlib-1.2.10.tar.gz 7 8 tar -xf nginx-1.9.15.tar.gz 9 cd nginx-1.9.15 10 yum install -y openssl openssl-devel 11 12 #配置 13 ./configure --sbin-path=/usr/local/nginx --conf-path=/usr/local/nginx/nginx.conf --pid-path=/usr/local/nginx/nginx.pid --with-http_ssl_module --with-pcre=/data/install/pcre-8.39 --with-zlib=/data/install/zlib-1.2.10 14 15 #開始安裝 16 make -j 4 && make install
4、配置nginx
（1）創建根目錄和日志目錄：
mkdir /data/wwwroot
mkdir -p /data/logs/nginx
（2）修改配置文件
user www;
worker_processes 8;
worker_cpu_affinity 00000001 00000010 00000100 00001000 00010000 00100000 01000000 10000000;
error_log /data/logs/nginx/error.log;
pid nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 65535;
multi_accept on;
use epoll;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
access_log /data/logs/nginx/access.log main;
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
keepalive_timeout 120;
add_header Access-Control-Allow-Origin "*";
server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
gzip on;
server{
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
root /data/wwwroot;
location / {
index index.html index.htm index.php;
}
location ~ \.php {
root /data/wwwroot;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/local/php$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
set $path_info "";
set $real_script_name $fastcgi_script_name;
if ($fastcgi_script_name ~ "^(.+?\.php)(/.+)$") {
set $real_script_name $1;
set $path_info $2;
}
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$real_script_name;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $real_script_name;
fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $path_info;
}
}
include 'conf/*.conf';
}
（3）用www用戶啟動nginx
創建www用戶：groupadd www
創建www用戶組：useradd -g www www
啟動nginx：/usr/local/nginx/nginx
關閉nginx: /usr/local/nginx/nginx -s stop
如果是在虛擬機安裝可能還需要關閉防火牆 (外部訪問 虛擬機要先關閉防火牆chkconfig iptables off 或者 service iptables stop 或者 iptables -F)
5、php跟nginx關聯
開啟php-fpm配置文件:
cd /usr/local/php/etc
cp php-fpm.conf.default ./php-fpm.conf
開啟php-fpm:
/usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm
6、常見問題：
（1）啟動mysql服務 ，提示my.cnf被忽略?
解決方法：修改my.cnf的權限 chmod 644 /data/mysql1/my.cnf
（2）終端mysql進不去？
解決辦法：mysql1 -h127.0.0.1 -uroot -p 主機加上127.0.0.1
（3）外部連不上虛擬機mysql？
解決辦法：iptables -F
參考網址：http://blog.csdn.net/ynh_123/article/details/53023621
（4）如何開機mysql服務自動開啟？
解決辦法：上傳啟動控制腳本到/etc/init.d (一般安裝后里面會自動生成，不需上傳),將mysql添加到系統服務，然后設置自動開啟。
chkconfig --add /etc/init.d/mysql
chkconfig mysql on
詳細內容可參考網址：http://blog.csdn.net/b_shuang1113/article/details/75635477
（5）如何設置nginx開機自啟動？
(1) 上傳啟動控制腳本nginx 到/etc/init.d
(2) 設置權限：chmod 755 /etc/init.d/nginx
(3) 添加到系統服務:chkconfig --add /etc/init.d/nginx
(4) 設置開機啟動：chkconfig ginx on
(5) 查看是否設置成功：chkconfig --list | grep nginx (2-5選項為on)
參考網址：http://www.jb51.net/article/51973.htm
（6）如何設置php-fpm開機自啟動？
(1)上傳啟動控制腳本php-fpm到/etc/init.d
(2)設置權限：chmod 755 /etc/init.d/php-fpm
(3)添加到系統服務:chkconfig --add /etc/init.d/php-fpm
(4)設置開機啟動：chkconfig ginx on
(5)查看是否設置成功：chkconfig --list | grep php-fpm (2-5選項為on)
參考網址：http://www.jb51.net/article/68153.htm
（7）替換了配置文件mysql也無法啟動？
解決辦法：如果替換了配置文件，啟動還是報這個錯誤：mysqld_safe error: log-error set to '/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log', however file don't exists. Create writable for user 'mysql'.ERROR! The server quit without updating PID file (/data/mysql/data/bogon.pid).
這時可以去/etc目錄下刪掉默認的my.cnf ，然后再次啟動即可
最后附上完整的一鍵安裝腳本，以及所需安裝包，配置文件、啟動控制腳本：
鏈接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1XkxgW9fRINqg_Zi3W27OUg 密碼：ddan