ELK + Filebeat 日志分析系統

架構圖

環境

OS：CentOS 7.4
Filebeat： 6.3.2
Logstash: 6.3.2
Elasticsearch 6.3.2
Kibana: 6.3.2

FileBeat安裝配置

安裝

wget https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/beats/filebeat/filebeat-6.3.2-x86_64.rpm
yum localinstall filebeat-6.3.2-x86_64.rpm

配置

這里以nginx日志為例作為演示

配置文件：/etc/filebeat/filebeat.yml

filebeat.prospectors:
- input_type: log  #輸入類型為log
  paths:  #日志路徑
    - /usr/local/nginx/logs/*.access.log
  document_type: ngx-access-log  #日志類型
- input_type: log
  paths:
    - /usr/local/nginx/logs/*.error.log
  document_type: ngx-error-log
output.logstash:  #輸出到Logstash（也可以輸出到其他，如elasticsearch）
  hosts: ["10.1.4.171:1007"]

啟動

systemctl enable filebeat
systemctl start filebeat

Logstash安裝配置

安裝

wget https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/logstash/logstash-6.3.2.rpm
yum localinstall logstash-6.3.2.rpm

配置

Logstash需要自定義，自定義配置文件目錄是/etc/logstash/conf.d

這里新建一個filebeat.conf配置文件

/etc/logstash/conf.d/filebeat.conf

input {
    #輸入方式是beats
    beats {  
        port => "1007"  #監聽1007端口（自定義端口）   
    }
}

filter {
    if [type] == "ngx-access-log" { #對日志類型為ngx-access-log進行處理。日志類型為filebeat配置定義
        grok {
            patterns_dir => "/usr/local/logstash/patterns"
            match => {  #對傳過來的message字段做拆分，分割成多個易讀字段
                message => "%{IPV4:remote_addr}\|%{IPV4:FormaxRealIP}\|%{POSINT:server_port}\|%{GREEDYDATA:scheme}\|%{IPORHOST:http_host}\|%{HTTPDATE:time_local}\|%{HTTPMETHOD:request_method}\|%{URIPATHPARAM:request_uri}\|%{GREEDYDATA:server_protocol}\|%{NUMBER:status}\|%{NUMBER:body_bytes_sent}\|%{GREEDYDATA:http_referer}\|%{GREEDYDATA:user_agent}\|%{GREEDYDATA:http_x_forwarded_for}\|%{HOSTPORT:upstream_addr}\|%{BASE16FLOAT:upstream_response_time}\|%{BASE16FLOAT:request_time}\|%{GREEDYDATA:cookie_formax_preview}"
            }
            remove_field => ["message"]   #已經將message字段拆分，可以將message字段刪除
        }

        date {
            match => [ "time_local", "dd/MMM/yyyy:HH:mm:ss Z"]    #nginx日志中的時間替換@timestamp
            remove_field => ["time_local"]   #刪除nginx日志時間字段
        }

        mutate {
            rename => ["http_host", "host"]   #nginx日志中http_host字段，替換host字段
        }
    } 
}

output {
    elasticsearch {   # 輸出到elasticsearch
        hosts => ["127.0.0.1:9200"]
        index => "logstash-%{type}-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"   #輸出索引格式
    }
}

啟動

systemctl enable logstash
systemctl start logstash

Elasticsearch安裝配置

安裝

wget https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/elasticsearch/elasticsearch-6.3.2.rpm
yum localinstall elasticsearch-6.3.2.rpm

配置

/etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml

path.data: /var/lib/elasticsearch
path.logs: /var/log/elasticsearch
network.host: 0.0.0.0
http.port: 9200
#elasticsearch-head需要下列配置
http.cors.enabled: true  
http.cors.allow-origin: "*"

啟動

systemctl enable elasticsearch
systemctl start elasticsearch

elasticsearch-head安裝

elasticsearch-head用於連接elasticsearch，並提供一個前端管理頁面

git clone git://github.com/mobz/elasticsearch-head.git
cd elasticsearch-head
npm install
npm run start
open http://localhost:9100/

Kibana安裝配置

安裝

wget https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/kibana/kibana-6.3.2-x86_64.rpm
yum localinstall kibana-6.3.2-x86_64.rpm

配置

默認配置就好

啟動

nohup /usr/share/kibana/bin/kibana &> /usr/share/kibana/logs/kibana.stdout &

nginx代理到kibana

安裝nginx

yum install nginx

配置
/etc/nginx/conf.d/kibana.conf

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name test.kibana.com;

    root html;
    access_log  /var/log/nginx/test.kibana.com.access.log main;
    error_log   /var/log/nginx/test.kibana.com.error.log;

    proxy_next_upstream http_502 http_504 error timeout invalid_header;
    proxy_connect_timeout     10;
    proxy_read_timeout        30;
    proxy_send_timeout        180;
    proxy_ignore_client_abort on;
    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
    proxy_buffering           off;
    proxy_set_header Host $host;

    location /monitor {
        default_type text/plain;
        return 200 "OK";
    }

    location /echoip {
       default_type text/plain;
       return 200 $http_x_forwarded_for,$remote_addr;
    }

    location / {
        expires off;
        if ($server_port = "80") {
            proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:5601;
        }
        proxy_pass  https://127.0.0.1:5601;

    }
}

啟動

systemctl enable nginx
systemctl start nginx

后記

本文只是簡單介紹了一下ELK+Filebeat日志分析系統的安裝配置，以及一個簡單的nginx日志處理過程。要想更細致的學習ELK體系，可以看ELKstack 中文指南。雖然該書以ELK5版本進行講解，ELK6也可以看。