實現從windos到linux的文件傳輸----ftp服務器

FTP服務器搭建:

這里直接貼一老哥的鏈接：https://blog.csdn.net/lj402159806/article/details/78209103   非常感謝

 

安裝vsftpd

sudo apt install vsftpd

配置參數

命令行輸入

vim /etc/vsftpd.conf

使用如下配置

# Example config file /etc/vsftpd.conf # # The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file # loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable. # Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults. # # READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options. # Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's # capabilities. # # # Run standalone? vsftpd can run either from an inetd or as a standalone # daemon started from an initscript. listen=NO # # This directive enables listening on IPv6 sockets. By default, listening # on the IPv6 "any" address (::) will accept connections from both IPv6 # and IPv4 clients. It is not necessary to listen on *both* IPv4 and IPv6 # sockets. If you want that (perhaps because you want to listen on specific # addresses) then you must run two copies of vsftpd with two configuration # files. listen_ipv6=YES # # Allow anonymous FTP? (Disabled by default). anonymous_enable=NO # # Uncomment this to allow local users to log in. local_enable=YES # # Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command. write_enable=YES # # Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022, # if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's) local_umask=022 # # Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only # has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will # obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user. #anon_upload_enable=YES # # Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create # new directories. #anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES # # Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they # go into a certain directory. dirmessage_enable=YES # # If enabled, vsftpd will display directory listings with the time # in your local time zone. The default is to display GMT. The # times returned by the MDTM FTP command are also affected by this # option. use_localtime=YES # # Activate logging of uploads/downloads. xferlog_enable=YES # # Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data). connect_from_port_20=YES # # If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by # a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not # recommended! #chown_uploads=YES #chown_username=whoever # # You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown # below. xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log # # If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format. # Note that the default log file location is /var/log/xferlog in this case. xferlog_std_format=YES # # You may change the default value for timing out an idle session. #idle_session_timeout=600 # # You may change the default value for timing out a data connection. #data_connection_timeout=120 # # It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the # ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user. #nopriv_user=ftpsecure # # Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not # recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it, # however, may confuse older FTP clients. #async_abor_enable=YES # # By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore # the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII # mangling on files when in ASCII mode. # Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service # attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd # predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the # raw file. # ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol. #ascii_upload_enable=YES #ascii_download_enable=YES # # You may fully customise the login banner string: ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service. # # You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently # useful for combatting certain DoS attacks. #deny_email_enable=YES # (default follows) #banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd.banned_emails # # You may restrict local users to their home directories. See the FAQ for # the possible risks in this before using chroot_local_user or # chroot_list_enable below. #chroot_local_user=YES # # You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home # directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of # users to NOT chroot(). # (Warning! chroot'ing can be very dangerous. If using chroot, make sure that # the user does not have write access to the top level directory within the # chroot) chroot_local_user=YES chroot_list_enable=YES user_sub_token=$USER local_root=/home/$USER/ftp # (default follows) chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list # # You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by # default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large # sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume # the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it. #ls_recurse_enable=YES # # Customization # # Some of vsftpd's settings don't fit the filesystem layout by # default. # # This option should be the name of a directory which is empty. Also, the # directory should not be writable by the ftp user. This directory is used # as a secure chroot() jail at times vsftpd does not require filesystem # access. secure_chroot_dir=/var/run/vsftpd/empty # # This string is the name of the PAM service vsftpd will use. pam_service_name=ftp # # This option specifies the location of the RSA certificate to use for SSL # encrypted connections. rsa_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem rsa_private_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key ssl_enable=NO # # Uncomment this to indicate that vsftpd use a utf8 filesystem. utf8_filesystem=YES

配置說明

• anonymous_enable=NO 拒絕匿名登陸
• write_enable=YES 設置可以上傳文件，這個設置看需要個人需要
• xferlog_enable=YES 開啟日志記錄
• xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log 設置日志文件路徑
• xferlog_std_format=YES 設置日志格式為標准輸出
• connect_from_port_20=YES 綁定20端口
• ftpd_banner=Welcome to FTP service. 歡迎語句，在使用shell時可以看到
• chroot_local_user=YES
• chroot_list_enable=YES
• chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list 
  上面的這幾個配置實現的功能是：用戶被限制在自己的主目錄下。用戶名單來源於/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list
• user_sub_token=$USER

• local_root=/home/$USER/ftp 
  添加一個user_sub_token ，以便插入用戶名在我們local_root directory路徑，以便我們的配置將為該用戶，並可能被添加任何未來的用戶

• pam_service_name=ftp原配置中為vsftpd，ubuntu用戶需要更改成ftp

如果登錄后出現如下錯誤，則在/etc/vsftpd.conf文件內添加allow_writeable_chroot=YES

500 OOPS: vsftpd: refusing to run with writable root inside chroot ()

創建ftp用戶

mkdir /home/ftpuser sudo useradd ftpuser -g ftpgroup -d /home/ftpuser -m sudo passwd ftpuser mkdir /home/ftpuser/ftp chmod 777 -R /home/username/ftp usermod -s /sbin/nologin ftpuser

/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list要自己創建，並將ftpuser放進去

啟動vsftpd或者重啟

• systemctl start vsftpd 或 service vsftpd start
• systemctl restart vsftpd 或 service vsftpd restart

 

 

在windows上查看ip,配置ubun上的ip，使其與本機處於同一個網關之類，這樣就能ping通

我的做法是:

　　更改虛擬機網卡設置，設為"橋接網卡"，開啟虛擬機，配置ip地址，把自動獲取改為手動，必須與windows的地址在同一個網關內

　　例如:   windows :     192.168.0.***　　255.255.255.0　　192.168.0.1

　　　　　　ubuntu:　　192.168.0.***　　255.255.255.0　　192.168.0.1

　　重啟網卡或者重啟虛擬機，使其網絡地址生效，關閉防火牆

 

在windows上ping linux(ip),一般應該是能ping通的

在unbuntu上啟動ftp,在本機上輸入ftp://ip 

 

ftp 上的操作:  

　　dir  列出目錄

　　cd  進入

　　bin  改為二進制 ，使上傳，下載速度增快

　　put 上傳

　　get 下載

 

也可以直接使用圖形化界面進行操作