urllib.request
1、抓取百度首頁
1 from urllib import request 2 3 #url 4 #根據url獲取數據，下載數據到本地 5 #正則orXpath處理數據 6 #數據轉儲 7 8 url = 'http://www.baidu.com/' 9 #獲取數據 10 response = request.urlopen(url) 11 #讀取數據 12 html_bytes = response.read() 13 #數據寫入文件 14 with open('html_bytes','wb') as fb: 15 fb.write(html_bytes) 16 # print(response.read().decode('utf-8'))
2、抓取西刺代理首頁
from urllib import request from urllib.error import HTTPError, URLError # url = 'http://www.xicidaili.com/' # #若出現urllib.error.HTTPError: HTTP Error 503: Service Temporarily Unavailable # #用以下方式處理,參數中添加form # user_agent = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/67.0.3396.99 Safari/537.36' # headers = { # 'User-Agent': user_agent # } # #定義Request # req = request.Request(url,headers=headers) # response = request.urlopen(req) # print(response.read().decode('utf-8')) #封裝成函數 def urlrequest(url,headers=None): user_agent = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/67.0.3396.99 Safari/537.36' if headers == None: headers = { 'User-Agent': user_agent } # 定義Request try: req = request.Request(url,headers=headers) response = request.urlopen(req) html_bytes = response.read() return html_bytes except HTTPError as e: return e except URLError as e: return e if __name__ == '__main__':
#測試 print(urlrequest('http://www.baidu.com/').decode('utf-8')) print(urlrequest('http://www.xicidaili.com/').decode('utf-8'))
3、GET、POST請求
from urllib import request, parse from urllib.error import HTTPError, URLError import json #get請求 def get(url, headers=None): return urlrequest(url, headers=headers) #post請求 def post(url, form, headers=None): return json.loads(urlrequest(url, form, headers=headers)) def urlrequest(url, form=None, headers=None): html_bytes = b'' #判斷是否傳入請求頭 if headers == None: user_agent = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/67.0.3396.99 Safari/537.36' headers = { 'User-Agent': user_agent } try: #判斷是否傳入form if form: # 字典轉bytes # 1、先轉字符串 form_str = parse.urlencode(form) # 2、轉為bytes型 form_bytes = form_str.encode('utf-8') # 定義Request req = request.Request(url, data=form_bytes, headers=headers) else: req = request.Request(url, headers=headers) response = request.urlopen(req) html_bytes = response.read() except HTTPError as e: print(e) except URLError as e: print(e) return html_bytes if __name__ == '__main__': #post請求測試 url = 'http://fanyi.baidu.com/sug/' form = { 'kw':'呵呵' } html_dict = post(url,form=form) print(html_dict) print(html_dict['data'][0]['v']) #get請求測試 url = 'http://www.python.org' html_bytes = get(url) print(html_bytes.decode('utf-8'))
4、有道翻譯加鹽破解
import time, random, json from day01.tuozhan_all import post #有道翻譯加鹽破解 def md5_my(need_str): import hashlib #創建MD5對象 md5_o = hashlib.md5() #需要bytes類型作為參數 sign_bytes = need_str.encode('utf-8') md5_o.update(sign_bytes) sign_str = md5_o.hexdigest() return sign_str def trans(kw): #url url = 'http://fanyi.youdao.com/translate_o?smartresult=dict&smartresult=rule' #headers headers = { 'Accept': 'application/json, text/javascript, */*; q=0.01', #'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate', 'Accept-Language': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.9,en;q=0.9', 'Connection': 'keep-alive', #'Content-Length': '241', 'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8', 'Cookie': 'OUTFOX_SEARCH_USER_ID=1371246944@10.169.0.83; OUTFOX_SEARCH_USER_ID_NCOO=175172091.56957078; JSESSIONID=aaa6Z2lldaepL-EYrr4uw; ___rl__test__cookies=1534249690001', 'Host': 'fanyi.youdao.com', 'Origin': 'http://fanyi.youdao.com', 'Referer': 'http://fanyi.youdao.com/', 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/67.0.3396.99 Safari/537.36', 'X-Requested-With': 'XMLHttpRequest' } key = kw # salt : ((new Date).getTime() + parseInt(10 * Math.random(), 10)) salt = int(time.time() * 1000 + random.randint(0, 10)) salt_str = str(salt) S = "fanyideskweb" D = "ebSeFb%=XZ%T[KZ)c(sy!" sign_str = S+key+salt_str+D sign_md5_str = md5_my(sign_str) #form form = { 'i': key, 'from': 'AUTO', 'to': 'AUTO', 'smartresult': 'dict', 'client': 'fanyideskweb', 'salt': salt_str, 'sign': sign_md5_str, 'doctype': 'json', 'version': '2.1', 'keyfrom': 'fanyi.web', 'action': 'FY_BY_REALTIME', 'typoResult': 'false', } html_bytes = post(url, form, headers=headers) #將json格式數據轉化為字典 res_dict = json.loads(html_bytes.decode('utf-8')) print(res_dict) trans_res = res_dict['translateResult'][0][0]['tgt'] return trans_res if __name__ == '__main__': res = trans('青青河邊草') print(res)
5、人人網首頁數據抓取
from urllib import request, parse from urllib.error import HTTPError, URLError from http import cookiejar import json class session(object): def __init__(self): # 1、實例化cookie對象 cookie_obj = cookiejar.CookieJar() # 2、handler處理 handler = request.HTTPCookieProcessor(cookie_obj) # 3、opener 遇到有cookie的response的時候,調用handler內部的一個函數, 存儲到cookie object self.opener = request.build_opener(handler) def get(self,url, headers=None): return get(url, headers, self.opener) def post(self, url, form, headers=None): return post(url, form, headers, self.opener) def get(url, headers=None, opener=None): return urlrequests(url, headers=headers, opener=opener) def post(url, form, headers=None, opener=None): return urlrequests(url, form, headers=headers, opener=opener) #b. post(url, form, headers=None) #1. 傳入url #2. user_agent #3. headers #4. 定義Request #5. urlopen #6. 返回byte數組 def urlrequests(url, form=None, headers=None, opener=None): user_agent = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/67.0.3396.99 Safari/537.36' # 如果用戶需要自行傳入headers, 則覆蓋之前的headers if headers == None: headers = { 'User-Agent': user_agent } html_bytes = b'' try: if form: # POST # 2.1 轉換成str form_str = parse.urlencode(form) #print(form_str) # 2.2 轉換成bytes form_bytes = form_str.encode('utf-8') req = request.Request(url, data=form_bytes, headers=headers) else: req = request.Request(url, headers=headers) if opener: response = opener.open(req) else: response = request.urlopen(req) html_bytes = response.read() except HTTPError as e: print(e) except URLError as e: print(e) return html_bytes if __name__ == '__main__': #測試--帶cookies的請求 url = 'http://www.renren.com/ajaxLogin/login?1=1&uniqueTimestamp=201872221746' form = { 'email': '18573151260', 'icode': '', 'origURL': 'http: // www.renren.com / home', 'domain': 'renren.com', 'key_id': '1', 'captcha_type': 'web_login', 'password': '60a075bc14562c91baf36094ffe93d8fa9c1809a8501a43a7da131e1f119ae91', 'rkey': 'f9cd77eb1280ab74763c1f1552dc11c7', 'f': 'http%3A%2F%2Fwww.renren.com%2F967453528' } #實例化對象 s = session() #post請求 res = s.post(url,form) #獲取的數據轉為字典 res_dict = json.loads(res) #獲取url，此時cookie以通過s對象傳入cookies_obj中 home_url = res_dict['homeUrl'] #打開url,此時將cookie_obj中的cookie response = s.opener.open(home_url #打印獲取的數據 print(response.read().decode('utf-8')) # url = 'http://www.baidu.com/' # html_byte = get(url) # print(html_byte.decode('utf-8'))