幾乎是小白一枚，折騰多天才搞定，參考了很多博客和社區問答，把安裝經驗記下來。
1.檢測顯卡，安裝驅動
1 ~$ ubuntu-drivers devices 2 == /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1c.4/0000:09:00.0 == 3 modalias : pci:v000010DEd00001292sv00001028sd00000616bc03sc02i00 4 vendor : NVIDIA Corporation 5 model : GK208M [GeForce GT 740M] 6 driver : nvidia-340 - distro non-free 7 driver : nvidia-driver-390 - distro non-free recommended 8 driver : xserver-xorg-video-nouveau - distro free builtin
選擇后面帶recommended的驅動
1 ~$ sudo apt install nvidia-driver-390
重啟，在系統設置-詳細信息的圖形一欄查看gpu
2.安裝CUDA和cuDNN
這方面攻略很多，我就不一一寫了，CUDA9.0，共5個文件。cuDNN7.1.4：
cuDNN v7.1.4 Runtime Library for Ubuntu16.04 (Deb)
cuDNN v7.1.4 Developer Library for Ubuntu16.04 (Deb)
cuDNN v7.1.4 Code Samples and User Guide for Ubuntu16.04 (Deb)
gcc、g++降級
1 sudo apt-get install gcc-4.8 2 sudo apt-get install g++-4.8
在\usr\bin下
sudo rm g++ ##刪除原鏈接
sudo rm gcc
sudo ln -s gcc-4.8 gcc ##重建鏈接
sudo ln -s g++-4.8 g++
下載好對應版本CUDA和cuDNN安裝包（此處省略）
安裝CUDA
由於前面已安裝好驅動，在裝CUDA時不用按ctrl+alt+f3切換到命令行界面，不用輸入關閉一系列xxx的命令，只需在圖形界面下運行.run文件
sudo sh cuda_9.0.176_384.81_linux.run
同意協議后，問是否安裝顯卡驅動，填no，剩下部分填yes或回車，剩下就沒什么問題了。我安裝后提示缺少幾個文件，有點忘了，這個百度一下就能解決。之后再安裝CUDA的幾個補丁。
sudo sh cuda_9.0.176.1_linux.run ##共有四個補丁，這里只列一個
最后記得在~/.bashrc里加上這兩條：
export PATH="/usr/local/cuda-9.0/bin:$PATH" export LD_LIBRARY_PATH="/usr/local/cuda-9.0/lib64:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH"
安裝cuDNN（省略）
3.安裝anaconda2（省略）
4.安裝caffe-ssd
安裝各種依賴：
在/etc/apt下打開sources.list，源代碼一項打鈎，然后
sudo apt build-dep caffe-cuda
再按照之前辦法安裝gcc5，g++5，修改鏈接，之后要用g++5編譯caffe
git下載caffe-ssd源代碼
git clone https://github.com/weiliu89/caffe.git
cd caffe
git checkout ssd
cp Makefile.config.example Makefile.config
修改Makefile.config，這里貼上我的配置：
## Refer to http://caffe.berkeleyvision.org/installation.html # Contributions simplifying and improving our build system are welcome! # cuDNN acceleration switch (uncomment to build with cuDNN). USE_CUDNN := 1 # CPU-only switch (uncomment to build without GPU support). # CPU_ONLY := 1 # uncomment to disable IO dependencies and corresponding data layers # USE_OPENCV := 0 # USE_LEVELDB := 0 # USE_LMDB := 0 # uncomment to allow MDB_NOLOCK when reading LMDB files (only if necessary) # You should not set this flag if you will be reading LMDBs with any # possibility of simultaneous read and write ALLOW_LMDB_NOLOCK := 1 # Uncomment if you're using OpenCV 3 OPENCV_VERSION := 3 # To customize your choice of compiler, uncomment and set the following. # N.B. the default for Linux is g++ and the default for OSX is clang++ # CUSTOM_CXX := g++ # CUDA directory contains bin/ and lib/ directories that we need. CUDA_DIR := /usr/local/cuda # On Ubuntu 14.04, if cuda tools are installed via # "sudo apt-get install nvidia-cuda-toolkit" then use this instead: # CUDA_DIR := /usr # CUDA architecture setting: going with all of them. # For CUDA < 6.0, comment the lines after *_35 for compatibility. # -gencode arch=compute_20,code=sm_20 \ # -gencode arch=compute_20,code=sm_21 \ CUDA_ARCH := -gencode arch=compute_30,code=sm_30 \ -gencode arch=compute_35,code=sm_35 # -gencode arch=compute_50,code=sm_50 \ # -gencode arch=compute_52,code=sm_52 \ # -gencode arch=compute_61,code=sm_61 # BLAS choice: # atlas for ATLAS (default) # mkl for MKL # open for OpenBlas BLAS := atlas #BLAS := open # Custom (MKL/ATLAS/OpenBLAS) include and lib directories. # Leave commented to accept the defaults for your choice of BLAS # (which should work)! # BLAS_INCLUDE := /path/to/your/blas # BLAS_LIB := /path/to/your/blas # Homebrew puts openblas in a directory that is not on the standard search path # BLAS_INCLUDE := $(shell brew --prefix openblas)/include # BLAS_LIB := $(shell brew --prefix openblas)/lib # This is required only if you will compile the matlab interface. # MATLAB directory should contain the mex binary in /bin. # MATLAB_DIR := /usr/local # MATLAB_DIR := /Applications/MATLAB_R2012b.app # NOTE: this is required only if you will compile the python interface. # We need to be able to find Python.h and numpy/arrayobject.h. #PYTHON_INCLUDE := /usr/include/python2.7 \ /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/numpy/core/include # Anaconda Python distribution is quite popular. Include path: # Verify anaconda location, sometimes it's in root. ANACONDA_HOME := $(HOME)/anaconda2 PYTHON_INCLUDE := $(ANACONDA_HOME)/include \ $(ANACONDA_HOME)/include/python2.7 \ $(ANACONDA_HOME)/lib/python2.7/site-packages/numpy/core/include \ # Uncomment to use Python 3 (default is Python 2) # PYTHON_LIBRARIES := boost_python3 python3.6m # PYTHON_INCLUDE := /usr/include/python3.6 \ # /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/numpy/core/include # We need to be able to find libpythonX.X.so or .dylib. # PYTHON_LIB := /usr/lib PYTHON_LIB := $(ANACONDA_HOME)/lib # Homebrew installs numpy in a non standard path (keg only) # PYTHON_INCLUDE += $(dir $(shell python -c 'import numpy.core; print(numpy.core.__file__)'))/include # PYTHON_LIB += $(shell brew --prefix numpy)/lib # Uncomment to support layers written in Python (will link against Python libs) WITH_PYTHON_LAYER := 1 # Whatever else you find you need goes here. INCLUDE_DIRS := $(PYTHON_INCLUDE) /usr/local/include /usr/include/hdf5/serial LIBRARY_DIRS := $(PYTHON_LIB) /usr/local/lib /usr/lib /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/hdf5/serial # If Homebrew is installed at a non standard location (for example your home directory) and you use it for general dependencies # INCLUDE_DIRS += $(shell brew --prefix)/include # LIBRARY_DIRS += $(shell brew --prefix)/lib # Uncomment to use `pkg-config` to specify OpenCV library paths. # (Usually not necessary -- OpenCV libraries are normally installed in one of the above $LIBRARY_DIRS.) # USE_PKG_CONFIG := 1 # N.B. both build and distribute dirs are cleared on `make clean` BUILD_DIR := build DISTRIBUTE_DIR := distribute # Uncomment for debugging. Does not work on OSX due to https://github.com/BVLC/caffe/issues/171 # DEBUG := 1 # The ID of the GPU that 'make runtest' will use to run unit tests. TEST_GPUID := 0 # enable pretty build (comment to see full commands) Q ?= @
安裝caffe
在caffe根目錄下
make -j8 make py make test -j8 make runtest -j8
make runtest -j8如果出現這種error：
.build_release/tools/caffe: error while loading shared libraries: libhdf5_hl.so.100: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
，就在.bashrc中加上：
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH="/home/.../anaconda2/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH"
在caffe根目錄下的：
source ~/.bashrc
make runtest -j8
應該能通過，那么caffe-ssd就安裝好了。
之后如果import caffe時報錯：No module named caffe，就在.bashrc文件加上：
export PYTHONPATH="/home/.../caffe/python"
如果跑代碼時出現 no module named google.protobuf，用：
conda install protobuf
到這里安裝就完成了。
其實我本來配置的是caffe+anaconda3，但ssd貌似是用python2寫的，python3跑不起來？所以就換了anaconda2。這里也順便說下caffe+anaconda3配置：
裝好anaconda3后，caffe下Makefile.config為:
## Refer to http://caffe.berkeleyvision.org/installation.html # Contributions simplifying and improving our build system are welcome! # cuDNN acceleration switch (uncomment to build with cuDNN). USE_CUDNN := 1 # CPU-only switch (uncomment to build without GPU support). # CPU_ONLY := 1 # uncomment to disable IO dependencies and corresponding data layers # USE_OPENCV := 0 # USE_LEVELDB := 0 # USE_LMDB := 0 # uncomment to allow MDB_NOLOCK when reading LMDB files (only if necessary) # You should not set this flag if you will be reading LMDBs with any # possibility of simultaneous read and write ALLOW_LMDB_NOLOCK := 1 # Uncomment if you're using OpenCV 3 OPENCV_VERSION := 3 # To customize your choice of compiler, uncomment and set the following. # N.B. the default for Linux is g++ and the default for OSX is clang++ # CUSTOM_CXX := g++ # CUDA directory contains bin/ and lib/ directories that we need. CUDA_DIR := /usr/local/cuda # On Ubuntu 14.04, if cuda tools are installed via # "sudo apt-get install nvidia-cuda-toolkit" then use this instead: # CUDA_DIR := /usr # CUDA architecture setting: going with all of them. # For CUDA < 6.0, comment the lines after *_35 for compatibility. # -gencode arch=compute_20,code=sm_20 \ # -gencode arch=compute_20,code=sm_21 \ CUDA_ARCH := -gencode arch=compute_30,code=sm_30 \ -gencode arch=compute_35,code=sm_35 # -gencode arch=compute_50,code=sm_50 \ # -gencode arch=compute_52,code=sm_52 \ # -gencode arch=compute_61,code=sm_61 # BLAS choice: # atlas for ATLAS (default) # mkl for MKL # open for OpenBlas BLAS := atlas #BLAS := open # Custom (MKL/ATLAS/OpenBLAS) include and lib directories. # Leave commented to accept the defaults for your choice of BLAS # (which should work)! # BLAS_INCLUDE := /path/to/your/blas # BLAS_LIB := /path/to/your/blas # Homebrew puts openblas in a directory that is not on the standard search path # BLAS_INCLUDE := $(shell brew --prefix openblas)/include # BLAS_LIB := $(shell brew --prefix openblas)/lib # This is required only if you will compile the matlab interface. # MATLAB directory should contain the mex binary in /bin. # MATLAB_DIR := /usr/local # MATLAB_DIR := /Applications/MATLAB_R2012b.app # NOTE: this is required only if you will compile the python interface. # We need to be able to find Python.h and numpy/arrayobject.h. #PYTHON_INCLUDE := /usr/include/python2.7 \ /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/numpy/core/include # Anaconda Python distribution is quite popular. Include path: # Verify anaconda location, sometimes it's in root. ANACONDA_HOME := $(HOME)/anaconda3 PYTHON_INCLUDE := $(ANACONDA_HOME)/include \ $(ANACONDA_HOME)/include/python3.6m \ $(ANACONDA_HOME)/lib/python3.6/site-packages/numpy/core/include \ # Uncomment to use Python 3 (default is Python 2) PYTHON_LIBRARIES := boost_python3 python3.6m # PYTHON_INCLUDE := /usr/include/python3.6 \ # /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/numpy/core/include # We need to be able to find libpythonX.X.so or .dylib. # PYTHON_LIB := /usr/lib PYTHON_LIB := $(ANACONDA_HOME)/lib # Homebrew installs numpy in a non standard path (keg only) # PYTHON_INCLUDE += $(dir $(shell python -c 'import numpy.core; print(numpy.core.__file__)'))/include # PYTHON_LIB += $(shell brew --prefix numpy)/lib # Uncomment to support layers written in Python (will link against Python libs) WITH_PYTHON_LAYER := 1 # Whatever else you find you need goes here. INCLUDE_DIRS := $(PYTHON_INCLUDE) /usr/local/include /usr/include/hdf5/serial LIBRARY_DIRS := $(PYTHON_LIB) /usr/local/lib /usr/lib /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/hdf5/serial # If Homebrew is installed at a non standard location (for example your home directory) and you use it for general dependencies # INCLUDE_DIRS += $(shell brew --prefix)/include # LIBRARY_DIRS += $(shell brew --prefix)/lib # Uncomment to use `pkg-config` to specify OpenCV library paths. # (Usually not necessary -- OpenCV libraries are normally installed in one of the above $LIBRARY_DIRS.) # USE_PKG_CONFIG := 1 # N.B. both build and distribute dirs are cleared on `make clean` BUILD_DIR := build DISTRIBUTE_DIR := distribute # Uncomment for debugging. Does not work on OSX due to https://github.com/BVLC/caffe/issues/171 # DEBUG := 1 # The ID of the GPU that 'make runtest' will use to run unit tests. TEST_GPUID := 0 # enable pretty build (comment to see full commands) Q ?= @
還是用g++5，make前，打開.bashrc，要把/home/.../anaconda/lib從LD_LIBRARY_PATH中刪去。在make過程中如果有boost::xxx 未定義，去boost官網下載源碼，找找相關教程編譯安裝好，然后在caffe根目錄下：
make clean
make -j8
應該就可以了，后續如果有bug可參考前面。