centos7.4之cobbler自動化部署工具安裝


 環境介紹:

  服務器:172.16.5.241

  操作系統版本:centos7.4

  客戶端:虛擬機客戶端,內存最少2GB

cobbler介紹:

  運維自動化在生產環境中占據着舉足輕重的地位,尤其是面對幾百台,幾千台甚至幾萬台的服務器時,僅僅是安裝操作系統,如果不通過自動化來完成,根本是不可想象的。面對生產環境中不同服務器的需求,該如何實現批量部署多版本的操作系統呢?Cobbler便可以滿足這一實際需求,實現多版本操作系統批量部署

  Cobbler是一個Linux服務器安裝的服務,可以通過網絡啟動(PXE)的方式來快速安裝、重裝物理服務器和虛擬機,同時還可以管理DHCP,DNS等。

  Cobbler可以使用命令行方式管理,也提供了基於Web的界面管理工具(cobbler-web),還提供了API接口,可以方便二次開發使用。

  Cobbler是較早前的kickstart的升級版,優點是比較容易配置,還自帶web界面比較易於管理。

  Cobbler內置了一個輕量級配置管理系統。

  Cobbler官網http://cobbler.github.io

  在使用cobbler之前需要了解kickstart的使用: http://www.cnblogs.com/clsn/p/7833333.html

   cobbler集成的服務:

    PXE服務支持

    DHCP服務管理

    DNS服務管理(可選bind,dnsmasq)

    電源管理

    Kickstart服務支持

    YUM倉庫管理

    TFTP(PXE啟動時需要)

    Apache(提供kickstart的安裝源,並提供定制化的kickstart配置)

一、服務器安裝。

  注意我這里使用虛擬機實現的,因為cobbler需要搭建dhcp服務,所以我這里先安裝了所有的需要安裝包,啟動了所有應該啟動的服務,除了dhcp。測試的時候我使用虛擬機nat網卡模式,並關閉了虛擬機自帶的dhcp服務。

  1、安裝基本組件

yum -y install wget net-tools curl epel-release

  2、更新

yum -y update

  3、關閉iptables與selinux,下面的所有操作完成后,重啟服務器,否則后面會報錯。
  vim /etc/selinux/config
  SELINUX=disabled

  關閉iptables或者firewalld,開機不啟動。

二、安裝基礎服務

  1、安裝所有依賴服務

yum -y install dhcp httpd xinetd tftp-server rsync fence-agents pykickstart

  2、設置開機自啟動,dhcpd服務我們后面再啟動。

systemctl enable xinetd dhcpd httpd rsyncd
systemctl start xinetd  httpd rsyncd

  3、安裝cobbler

yum -y install cobbler-web

  設置開機啟動:

systemctl enable cobblerd
systemctl start cobblerd

  4、效驗cobbler安裝條件,注意觀察是否有報錯

cobbler check
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler check
httpd does not appear to be running and proxying cobbler, or SELinux is in the way. Original traceback:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/cobbler/cli.py", line 251, in check_setup
    s.ping()
  File "/usr/lib64/python2.7/xmlrpclib.py", line 1233, in __call__
    return self.__send(self.__name, args)
  File "/usr/lib64/python2.7/xmlrpclib.py", line 1591, in __request
    verbose=self.__verbose
  File "/usr/lib64/python2.7/xmlrpclib.py", line 1273, in request
    return self.single_request(host, handler, request_body, verbose)
  File "/usr/lib64/python2.7/xmlrpclib.py", line 1321, in single_request
    response.msg,
ProtocolError: <ProtocolError for 127.0.0.1:80/cobbler_api: 404 Not Found>
報錯

 

  5、隨機生成一個密碼,這個密碼就是你待會兒自動安裝完操作系統以后的開機密碼。復制生成的密碼,待會兒需要寫到配置文件中。

openssl passwd -1 -salt "root" "yunwei.123"

  6、更改cobbler配置文件

 vim /etc/cobbler/settings

  只需要改配置文件中的這幾項即可。

..........
default_password_crypted: "$1$cobbler$zPOuqy9SLOb87DIQb3RbQ." #第三步生成的密碼
manage_dhcp: 1 #dhcp服務
manage_tftpd: 1 #xinetd服務
manage_rsync: 1 #rsyncd服務
next_server: 172.16.5.241 #替換成本機IP地址,dhcp服務地址
server: 172.16.5.241 #替換為本機IP地址,cobber服務地址
..........

  7、更新load信息

cobbler get-loaders
[root@bogon ~]# cobbler get-loaders
task started: 2018-08-07_103302_get_loaders
task started (id=Download Bootloader Content, time=Tue Aug  7 10:33:02 2018)
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/README to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/README
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/COPYING.elilo to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.elilo
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/COPYING.yaboot to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.yaboot
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/COPYING.syslinux to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/COPYING.syslinux
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/elilo-3.8-ia64.efi to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/elilo-ia64.efi
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/yaboot-1.3.17 to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/yaboot
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/pxelinux.0-3.86 to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/pxelinux.0
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/menu.c32-3.86 to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/menu.c32
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/grub-0.97-x86.efi to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi
downloading https://cobbler.github.io/loaders/grub-0.97-x86_64.efi to /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
命令結果

  8、vim /etc/xinetd.d/tftp,設置tftp配置文件,‘disable'為'no'

service tftp
{
disable = no
socket_type = dgram
protocol = udp
wait = yes
user = root
server = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd
server_args = -B 1380 -v -s /var/lib/tftpboot
per_source = 11
cps = 100 2
flags = IPv4
}

  9、修改dhcp配置文件,先不要啟動dhcp。

vim /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template
ddns-update-style interim;
allow booting;
allow bootp;
ignore client-updates;
set vendorclass = option vendor-class-identifier;
option pxe-system-type code 93 = unsigned integer 16;
subnet 172.16.5.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
option routers 172.16.5.1;
option domain-name-servers 202.96.209.5,202.96.209.133;
option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
range dynamic-bootp 172.16.5.60 172.16.5.100;
default-lease-time 21600;
max-lease-time 43200;
next-server $next_server;
class "pxeclients" {
match if substring (option vendor-class-identifier, 0, 9) = "PXEClient";
if option pxe-system-type = 00:02 {
filename "ia64/elilo.efi";
} else if option pxe-system-type = 00:06 {
filename "grub/grub-x86.efi";
} else if option pxe-system-type = 00:07 {
filename "grub/grub-x86_64.efi";
} else if option pxe-system-type = 00:09 {
filename "grub/grub-x86_64.efi";
} else {
filename "pxelinux.0";
}
}

}
dhcp修改內容

   10、同步Cobbler,這里會把/etc/cobbler/dhcp.template這個文件我們配置好的內容同步到/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf文件中,否則dhcp不能正常使用。

cobbler sync
[root@bogon dhcp]# cobbler sync
task started: 2018-08-07_120115_sync
task started (id=Sync, time=Tue Aug  7 12:01:15 2018)
running pre-sync triggers
cleaning trees
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images
copying bootloaders
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/pxelinux.0 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.0
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/menu.c32 -> /var/lib/tftpboot/menu.c32
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/yaboot -> /var/lib/tftpboot/yaboot
trying hardlink /usr/share/syslinux/memdisk -> /var/lib/tftpboot/memdisk
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi
copying distros to tftpboot
copying images
generating PXE configuration files
generating PXE menu structure
rendering DHCP files
generating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
rendering TFTPD files
generating /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
cleaning link caches
rendering Rsync files
running post-sync triggers
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services
running: dhcpd -t -q
received on stdout: 
received on stderr: 
running: service dhcpd restart
received on stdout: 
received on stderr: Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart dhcpd.service

running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
提示信息
allow booting;
allow bootp;

ignore client-updates;
set vendorclass = option vendor-class-identifier;

option pxe-system-type code 93 = unsigned integer 16;

subnet 172.16.5.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
     option routers             172.16.5.1;
     option domain-name-servers 172.16.5.1;
     option subnet-mask         255.255.255.0;
     range dynamic-bootp        172.16.5.100 172.16.5.254;
     default-lease-time         21600;
     max-lease-time             43200;
     next-server                172.16.5.241;
     class "pxeclients" {
          match if substring (option vendor-class-identifier, 0, 9) = "PXEClient";
          if option pxe-system-type = 00:02 {
                  filename "ia64/elilo.efi";
          } else if option pxe-system-type = 00:06 {
                  filename "grub/grub-x86.efi";
          } else if option pxe-system-type = 00:07 {
                  filename "grub/grub-x86_64.efi";
          } else if option pxe-system-type = 00:09 {
                  filename "grub/grub-x86_64.efi";
          } else {
                  filename "pxelinux.0";
          }
     }

}

# group for Cobbler DHCP tag: default
group {
}
/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf信息

 

三、導入鏡像

  1、創建操作系統文件夾,虛擬機添加對應的操作系統iso文件,然后掛載。

mkdir -p /data/iso/centos7.4
#掛載
mount /dev/cdrom  /data/iso/centos7.4

  2、把掛載光盤鏡像的mnt目錄中的內容導入到cobbler

 cobbler import --path=/data/iso/centos7.4  --name=centos7.4

  3、接着同步cobber report查看導入信息

cobbler report
[root@bogon centos7.4]# cobbler import --path=/data/iso/centos7.4  --name=centos7.4
task started: 2018-08-07_103802_import
task started (id=Media import, time=Tue Aug  7 10:38:02 2018)
Found a candidate signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel6
Found a candidate signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel7
Found a matching signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel7
Adding distros from path /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos7.4:
creating new distro: centos7.4-x86_64
trying symlink: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos7.4 -> /var/www/cobbler/links/centos7.4-x86_64
creating new profile: centos7.4-x86_64
associating repos
checking for rsync repo(s)
checking for rhn repo(s)
checking for yum repo(s)
starting descent into /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos7.4 for centos7.4-x86_64
processing repo at : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos7.4
need to process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos7.4
looking for /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos7.4/repodata/*comps*.xml
Keeping repodata as-is :/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/centos7.4/repodata
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
返回信息

  web界面查看,已經看到了我們剛才生成的操作系統。

  

  注意:

  前面我們不是執行cobbler check命令報錯么,現在我們在check一下, 

cobbler check
[root@bogon centos7.4]# cobbler check
The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:

1 : The 'server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than localhost, or kickstarting features will not work.  This should be a resolvable hostname or IP for the boot server as reachable by all machines that will use it.
2 : For PXE to be functional, the 'next_server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than 127.0.0.1, and should match the IP of the boot server on the PXE network.
3 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories
4 : The default password used by the sample templates for newly installed machines (default_password_crypted in /etc/cobbler/settings) is still set to 'cobbler' and should be changed, try: "openssl passwd -1 -salt 'random-phrase-here' 'your-password-here'" to generate new one

Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.
check結果

 四、測試

  1、前面服務器都支直接連接互聯網的,這里面是有dhcp服務器,如果我啟動cobbler的dhcp,那同事就得“炸鍋了”,所以這里我先把服務器網卡換NAT模式,並關閉vmware workstation里面的DHCP服務。

  2、檢查前面我們安裝的服務是否正常。

  3、啟動DHCP服務。

  4、新建一個虛擬機,網卡選擇NAT,不需要掛載操作系統光盤,直接開機即可。

  5、啟動客戶端,這里如果等待時間很長的話,證明的你的tftp服務有問題,重啟一下服務器,客戶端在重新啟動就OK了。

  

  6、開始安裝,剛才我們生成的鏡像,上下鍵選擇要安裝的操作系統,回車即可,剩下的只有等。

  

  7、默認分區

  

五、web界面

  https://服務器IP地址/cobbler_web默認用戶名和密碼是cobbler,在這里面我們能看到剛才我們創建的這個centos7的鏡像。

  如果想修改cobbler登錄密碼使用如下命令:

htdigest /etc/cobbler/users.digest "Cobbler" cobbler

  

  查看一下我們的版本庫列表

   cobbler distro list

   #report詳細查看一下庫信息

   cobbler distro report 

  #查看配置的詳細信息,這個就非常有用了,標紅的文件是默認配置文件,。

  cobbler profile report 

  

 

 參考地址:

  1、https://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2018-03/151347.htm

  2、https://www.cnblogs.com/clsn/p/7839965.html?utm_source=debugrun&utm_medium=referral

問題一:

  設置安裝密碼,上面我們設置了cobbler的頁面密碼,如果我們有很多的操作系統,隨便一個服務器啟動后dhcp就可以安裝操作系統,沒有密碼很危險。

  1、創建密碼 

 #生成密碼(yunwei.123才是密碼,前面的root隨意)
openssl passwd -1 -salt root  yunwei.123

  

#生成的密碼
$1$root$vQ5iF/QlePLjafcRq8lCw/

  第二步:編輯文件pxedefault:

  # vim /etc/cobbler/pxe/pxedefault.template

DEFAULT menu
PROMPT 0
MENU TITLE Cobbler | http://cobbler.github.io/   #細心的同學發現,http是安裝界面的顯示內容
MENU MASTER PASSWD $1$root$vQ5iF/QlePLjafcRq8lCw/    #加入這一行,把前面的密碼加進來
TIMEOUT 200
TOTALTIMEOUT 6000
ONTIMEOUT $pxe_timeout_profile

LABEL local
        MENU LABEL (local)
        MENU DEFAULT
        LOCALBOOT -1

$pxe_menu_items

MENU end

  第三步:配置pxeprofile:

  #vim  /etc/cobbler/pxe/pxeprofile.template 

LABEL $profile_name
        MENU PASSWD     #只需要加這一行即可
        kernel $kernel_path
        $menu_label
        $append_line
        ipappend 2

  第四步:檢查、同步配置使其生效

  #cobbler check

  #cobbler sync

  #/etc/init.d/cobblerd restart

  第五步:PXE裝機選擇版本查看效果:

  

 問題二:

  自定義配置和分區

  這個功能我們必須得會,因為默認操作系統會.ks文件加參數autopart,意思就是自動分區。我們生產中哪怕是試驗,也沒有這么分區的(/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/sample_end.ks,我這里的centos7.4是這個默認安裝配置文件)

  1、首先我們得知道我們安裝的這個操作系統默認用的是哪個.ks文件,圈紅色的全都是默認的ks文件。

  

  那我們的操作系統默認用的是哪個呢?

  

  我這里默認是這個配置文件

  

  2、首先我們點擊sample_end.ks這個我們默認的配置文件,然后全選里面的內容。最后按照如下,我們新建一個自己ks文件,把剛才復制的內容全部粘貼到里面。

  

  

  這里還設置了默認關閉selinux,當然,你還可以寫默認要安裝哪些軟件。

# This kickstart file should only be used with EL > 5 and/or Fedora > 7.
# For older versions please use the sample.ks kickstart file.

#platform=x86, AMD64, or Intel EM64T
# System authorization information
auth  --useshadow  --enablemd5
# System bootloader configuration
bootloader --location=mbr
# Partition clearing information
clearpart --all --initlabel
part /boot --fstype xfs --size 500
part swap --size 2048
part / --fstype xfs --size 3000
part /data --fstype xfs --size 1 --grow
# Use text mode install
text
# Firewall configuration
firewall --enabled
# Run the Setup Agent on first boot
firstboot --disable
# System keyboard
keyboard us
# System language
lang en_US
# Use network installation
url --url=$tree
# If any cobbler repo definitions were referenced in the kickstart profile, include them here.
$yum_repo_stanza
# Network information
$SNIPPET('network_config')
# Reboot after installation
reboot

#Root password
rootpw --iscrypted $default_password_crypted
# SELinux configuration
selinux --disabled
firewall --disabled
# Do not configure the X Window System
skipx
# System timezone
timezone  Asia/Shanghai
# Install OS instead of upgrade
install
# Clear the Master Boot Record
zerombr
# Allow anaconda to partition the system as needed
#autopart

%pre
$SNIPPET('log_ks_pre')
$SNIPPET('kickstart_start')
$SNIPPET('pre_install_network_config')
# Enable installation monitoring
$SNIPPET('pre_anamon')
%end

%packages
$SNIPPET('func_install_if_enabled')
%end

%post --nochroot
$SNIPPET('log_ks_post_nochroot')
%end

%post
$SNIPPET('log_ks_post')
# Start yum configuration
$yum_config_stanza
# End yum configuration
$SNIPPET('post_install_kernel_options')
$SNIPPET('post_install_network_config')
$SNIPPET('func_register_if_enabled')
$SNIPPET('download_config_files')
$SNIPPET('koan_environment')
$SNIPPET('redhat_register')
$SNIPPET('cobbler_register')
# Enable post-install boot notification
$SNIPPET('post_anamon')
# Start final steps
$SNIPPET('kickstart_done')
# End final steps
%end
centos7.4

   其它配置參考:https://www.cnblogs.com/clsn/p/7839965.html?utm_source=debugrun&utm_medium=referral#auto_id_15

錯誤收集:

  1、No space left on device

  客戶端在安裝操作系統的時候報下面這個錯誤,那是因為你的機器內存太少了,最少也得2GB內存。

  

  將內存調為2G即可(這個錯誤只會出現在CentOS7.3之上)

  

 


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