C語言動態鏈表數據結構實現的學生信息項目

注:此項目來源於呂鑫老師的教程

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include <iostream>
#include <conio.h>
using namespace std;

struct SUser
{
    int nNum;
    char sName[20];
    float fMath;
};

typedef SUser DATA;

struct SNode
{
    DATA data;//28個字節
    SNode* pNext;//指針變量，4個字節
};

SNode* g_Head = NULL;

//頭部添加
void AddHeand(DATA data)
{
    SNode* pNew = (SNode*)malloc(sizeof(SNode));
    pNew->data = data;
    pNew->pNext = g_Head;

    g_Head = pNew;
}
//尾部添加
void AddTail(DATA data)
{
    SNode* pNew =(SNode*)malloc(sizeof(SNode));
    pNew->data =data;
    pNew->pNext = NULL;
    if (!g_Head)//鏈表為空時
    {
        g_Head = pNew;
        return;
    }

    SNode* p = g_Head;
    while(p->pNext!=NULL)
    {
        p = p->pNext;
    }
    p->pNext = pNew;
}

//保存到文件中
void Save()
{
    FILE* fp = fopen("study.dat","w");
    if (!fp)
    {
        return;
    }
    SNode* p = g_Head;
    while(p)
    {
        //fwrite(&p->data,1,sizeof(p->data),fp);
        fwrite(p,1,sizeof(p->data),fp );
        p = p->pNext;
    }

    fclose(fp);
}
//從文件中讀取
void Load()
{

    FILE* fp = fopen("study.dat","r");

    if (!fp)
    {
        return;
    }
    DATA data;

    while(fread(&data,1,sizeof(data),fp)==sizeof(data))
        AddTail(data);    

    fclose(fp);
}
//打印
void PrintAll()
{
    SNode* p = g_Head;
    int i  =0;
    /*if (!p)
    {
        printf("當前鏈表為空！\n");
        return;
    }*/
    puts("學號\t姓名\t數學");
    while (p)
    {
        printf("%d\t%s\t%0.1f\n",p->data.nNum,p->data.sName,p->data.fMath);
        ++i;
        p=p->pNext;
    }
    printf("總共%d條記錄\n",i);
    system("pause");
}

void Input(int nDir)
{
    DATA data;
    printf("請輸入學號:");
    scanf_s("%d",&data.nNum);

    printf("請輸入姓名:");
    scanf_s("%s",data.sName,sizeof(data.sName));

    printf("請輸入數學成績:");
    scanf_s("%f",&data.fMath);
    if (nDir == 1)
    {
        AddHeand(data);
    }
    else
    {
        AddTail(data);
    }
    Save();
    PrintAll();
    
}

int AddMenu()
{
    system("cls");
    puts("\n\n\t\t1、向頭部插入:");
    puts("\t\t2、向尾部插入:");
    puts("\t\t0、回到主菜單:");

    int i = 0;

    scanf_s("%d",&i);

    switch(i)
    {
    case 1:
    case 2:
        Input(i);
        break;
    }
    return i;
}

int Judge(SNode* q,SNode* m,int index)
{
    switch(index)
    {
    case 1://姓名
        return strcmp(q->data.sName,m->data.sName)<0;
    case 2://學號
        return q->data.nNum < m->data.nNum;
    case 3://成績
        return q->data.fMath < m->data.fMath;
    }

    return 0;
}

//排序
void Sort(int index)
{
    SNode* p = g_Head;
    if (!p)
    {
        return;
    }

    while (p->pNext)
    {
        SNode* q = p->pNext;
        SNode* m = p;
        while(q)
        {
            if (Judge(q,m,index))
            {
                m = q;
            }
            q = q->pNext;
        }

        if (m != p)//不等時交換
        {
            DATA t = p->data;

            p->data=m->data;
            m->data = t;
        }
        p = p->pNext;
    }

    system("pause");
}

//按學號排序
void SortByNum()
{
    SNode* p = g_Head;
    if (!p)
    {
        return;
    }

    while (p->pNext)
    {
        SNode* q = p->pNext;
        SNode* m = p;
        while(q)
        {
            if (q->data.nNum < m->data.nNum)
            {
                m = q;
            }
            q = q->pNext;
        }

        if (m != p)//不等時交換
        {
            DATA t = p->data;

            p->data=m->data;
            m->data = t;
        }
        p = p->pNext;
    }

    system("pause");
}

//按姓名排序
void SortByName()
{
    SNode* p = g_Head;
    if (!p)
    {
        return;
    }

    while (p->pNext)
    {
        SNode* q = p->pNext;
        SNode* m = p;
        while(q)
        {
            if (strcmp(q->data.sName, m->data.sName)<0)
            {
                m = q;
            }
            q = q->pNext;
        }

        if (m != p)//不等時交換
        {
            DATA t = p->data;

            p->data=m->data;
            m->data = t;
        }
        p = p->pNext;
    }

    system("pause");
}

//按成績排序
void SortByMath()
{
    SNode* p = g_Head;
    if (!p)
    {
        return;
    }

    while (p->pNext)
    {
        SNode* q = p->pNext;
        SNode* m = p;
        while(q)
        {
            if (q->data.fMath > m->data.fMath)
            {
                m = q;
            }
            q = q->pNext;
        }

        if (m != p)//不等時交換
        {
            DATA t = p->data;

            p->data=m->data;
            m->data = t;
        }
        p = p->pNext;
    }

    system("pause");
}

int SortMenu()
{
    system("cls");
    puts("\n\n\t\t1、按姓名排序:");
    puts("\t\t2、按學號排序:");
    puts("\t\t3、按成績排序:");
    puts("\t\t0、退出排序:");

    int i = 0;

    scanf_s("%d",&i);

    switch(i)
    {
        case 1:
            break;
            SortByName();
        case 2:
            SortByNum();
            break;
        case 3:
            SortByMath();
            break;
        default:
            return i;
    }
    PrintAll();

    return i;
}

//按姓名刪除節點
int DeleteByName()
{
    PrintAll();

    char name[20];
    printf("請輸入姓名:");

    scanf("%s",name);

    SNode* p = g_Head;
    SNode* p1 = NULL;//記錄前一個節點
    if (!p)
    {
        return 0;
    }

    //如果是頭節點要特殊處理
    if(strcmp(p->data.sName,name)== 0)
    {
        g_Head = p->pNext;
        delete p;
        return 1;
    }
    while(p)
    {
        if (strcmp(p->data.sName,name)== 0)
        {
            p1->pNext=p->pNext;
            free(p);
            return 1;
        }
        p1=p;
        p=p->pNext;
    }

    return 0;
}

//按學號刪除節點
int DeleteByNum()
{
    PrintAll();
    int iNum =0;
    printf("請輸入學號:");

    scanf_s("%d",&iNum);

    SNode* p = g_Head;
    SNode* p1 = NULL;//記錄前一個節點
    if (!p)
    {
        return 0;
    }

    //如果是頭節點要特殊處理
    if(p->data.nNum== iNum)
    {
        g_Head = p->pNext;
        delete p;
        return 1;
    }
    while(p)
    {
        if (p->data.nNum== iNum)
        {
            p1->pNext=p->pNext;
            free(p);
            return 1;
        }
        p1=p;
        p=p->pNext;
    }
    return 0;
}

int DeleteMenu()
{
    system("cls");
    puts("\n\n\t\t1、按姓名刪除:");
    puts("\t\t2、按學號刪除:");
    puts("\t\t0、退出回主菜單:");

    int i = 0,j=0;

    scanf_s("%d",&i);

    switch(i)
    {
    case 1:
        j = DeleteByName();
        if(j>0)
        {
            printf("刪除成功!");
        }
        else
        {
            printf("刪除失敗!");
        }
        break;
    case 2:
        j = DeleteByNum();
        if(j>0)
        {
            printf("刪除成功!");
        }
        else
        {
            printf("刪除失敗!");
        }
        break;
    default:
        return i;
    }
    PrintAll();

    return i;
}

//查找
int FindByName()
{
    char name[20];
    printf("請輸入姓名:");

    scanf("%s",name);

    SNode* p = g_Head;
    while (p)
    {
        if (strcmp(p->data.sName,name)==0)
        {
            puts("學號\t姓名\t數學");
            
            printf("%d\t%s\t%0.1f\n",p->data.nNum,p->data.sName,p->data.fMath);
            return 1;
        }

        p=p->pNext;
    }
    return 0;
}

//按學號查找
int FindByNum()
{
    int iNum =0;
    printf("請輸入學號:");

    scanf_s("%d",&iNum);

    SNode* p = g_Head;
    while (p)
    {
        if (p->data.nNum == iNum)
        {
            puts("學號\t姓名\t數學");

            printf("%d\t%s\t%0.1f\n",p->data.nNum,p->data.sName,p->data.fMath);
            return 1;
        }

        p=p->pNext;
    }
    return 0;
}


int FindMenu()
{
    system("cls");
    puts("\n\n\t\t1、按姓名查找:");
    puts("\t\t2、按學號查找:");
    puts("\t\t0、退出回主菜單:");

    int i = 0;

    scanf_s("%d",&i);

    switch(i)
    {
    case 1:
        FindByName();
        break;
    case 2:
        FindByNum();
        break;
    default:
        return i;
    }
    system("pause");
    return i;
}
//按姓名修改成績
int ModifyByName()
{
    char name[20];
    float fmath =0.0;
    printf("請輸入姓名:");
    scanf("%s",name);
    printf("請輸入新成績:");
    scanf("%f",&fmath);

    SNode* p = g_Head;
    while (p)
    {
        if (strcmp(p->data.sName,name)==0)
        {
            printf("修改前:%d\t%s\t%0.1f\n",p->data.nNum,p->data.sName,p->data.fMath);
            p->data.fMath=fmath;

            puts("學號\t姓名\t數學");

            printf("修改后:%d\t%s\t%0.1f\n",p->data.nNum,p->data.sName,p->data.fMath);
            return 1;
        }

        p=p->pNext;
    }
    return 0;
}
//按學號修改成績
int ModifyByNum()
{
    float fmath =0.0;
    int iNum =0;
    printf("請輸入學號:");
    scanf_s("%d",&iNum);
    printf("請輸入新成績:");
    scanf("%f",&fmath);

    SNode* p = g_Head;
    while (p)
    {
        if (p->data.nNum == iNum)
        {
            printf("修改前:%d\t%s\t%0.1f\n",p->data.nNum,p->data.sName,p->data.fMath);
            p->data.fMath=fmath;
            puts("學號\t姓名\t數學");

            printf("修改后:%d\t%s\t%0.1f\n",p->data.nNum,p->data.sName,p->data.fMath);
            return 1;
        }

        p=p->pNext;
    }
    return 0;
}

//只能修改成績
int ModifyMenu()
{
    system("cls");
    puts("\n\n\t\t1、按姓名修改:");
    puts("\t\t2、按學號修改:");
    puts("\t\t0、退出回主菜單:");

    int i = 0;

    scanf_s("%d",&i);

    switch(i)
    {
    case 1:
        ModifyByName();
        break;
    case 2:
        ModifyByNum();
        break;
    default:
        return i;
    }
    system("pause");
    return i;
}

int Menu()
{
    system("cls");//clear screen
    puts("\n\t\t1、瀏覽所有信息");
    puts("\t\t2、添加信息");
    puts("\t\t3、刪除信息");
    puts("\t\t4、修改信息");
    puts("\t\t5、查找信息");
    puts("\t\t6、顏色設置");
    puts("\t\t0、退出");
    printf("\t\t請選擇：");
    int i = 0;
    scanf_s("%d",&i);
    switch(i)
    {
    case 1:
        //PrintAll();
        while(SortMenu());
        break;
    case 2:
        while(AddMenu())
            ;
        break;
    case 3:
        while(DeleteMenu())
            ;
        break;
    case 4:
        while(ModifyMenu())
            ;
        break;
    case 5:
        while(FindMenu())
            ;
        break;
    case 6:
        break;

    }

    return i;
}
int main()
{
    system("color 1f");

    printf("\n\n");
    printf("    \t *******************************************************************\n");
    printf("    \t ******                                                       ******\n");
    printf("    \t ******                員工工管理信息系統                      ******\n");
    printf("    \t ******                                                       ******\n");
    printf("    \t ******                 2018-8-5                              ******\n");
    printf("    \t ******             http://www.cnblogs.com/chechen/           ******\n");
    printf("    \t ******                 按任意鍵繼續                           ******\n");

    char c = _getch();

    Load();
    while(Menu())
        ;
    return 0;
}

 項目效果圖:

主菜單：

瀏覽信息:

 

 

 

 

設置顏色默認的控制台前景和背景色：