// fisttest.cpp : 定義控制台應用程序的入口點。 // #include "stdafx.h" #include <iostream> #include<vector> #include <limits> #include<string> using namespace std; int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[]) { cout << "type: \t\t" << "************size**************" << endl; cout << "bool: \t\t" << "所占字節數:" << sizeof(bool); cout << "\t最大值:" << (numeric_limits<bool>::max)(); cout << "\t\t最小值:" << (numeric_limits<bool>::min)() << endl; cout << "char: \t\t" << "所占字節數:" << sizeof(char); cout << "\t最大值:" << (numeric_limits<char>::max)(); cout << "\t\t最小值:" << (numeric_limits<char>::min)() << endl; cout << "signed char: \t" << "所占字節數:" << sizeof(signed char); cout << "\t最大值:" << (numeric_limits<signed char>::max)(); cout << "\t\t最小值:" << (numeric_limits<signed char>::min)() << endl; cout << "unsigned char: \t" << "所占字節數:" << sizeof(unsigned char); cout << "\t最大值:" << (numeric_limits<unsigned char>::max)(); cout << "\t\t最小值:" << (numeric_limits<unsigned char>::min)() << endl; cout << "wchar_t: \t" << "所占字節數:" << sizeof(wchar_t); cout << "\t最大值:" << (numeric_limits<wchar_t>::max)(); cout << "\t\t最小值:" << (numeric_limits<wchar_t>::min)() << endl; cout << "short: \t\t" << "所占字節數:" << sizeof(short); cout << "\t最大值:" << (numeric_limits<short>::max)(); cout << "\t\t最小值:" << (numeric_limits<short>::min)() << endl; cout << "int: \t\t" << "所占字節數:" << sizeof(int); cout << "\t最大值:" << (numeric_limits<int>::max)(); cout << "\t最小值:" << (numeric_limits<int>::min)() << endl; cout << "unsigned: \t" << "所占字節數:" << sizeof(unsigned); cout << "\t最大值:" << (numeric_limits<unsigned>::max)(); cout << "\t最小值:" << (numeric_limits<unsigned>::min)() << endl; cout << "long: \t\t" << "所占字節數:" << sizeof(long); cout << "\t最大值:" << (numeric_limits<long>::max)(); cout << "\t最小值:" << (numeric_limits<long>::min)() << endl; cout << "long long: \t\t" << "所占字節數:" << sizeof(long long); cout << "\t最大值:" << (numeric_limits<long long>::max)(); cout << "\t最小值:" << (numeric_limits<long long>::min)() << endl; cout << "unsigned long: \t" << "所占字節數:" << sizeof(unsigned long); cout << "\t最大值:" << (numeric_limits<unsigned long>::max)(); cout << "\t最小值:" << (numeric_limits<unsigned long>::min)() << endl; cout << "double: \t" << "所占字節數:" << sizeof(double); cout << "\t最大值:" << (numeric_limits<double>::max)(); cout << "\t最小值:" << (numeric_limits<double>::min)() << endl; cout << "long double: \t" << "所占字節數:" << sizeof(long double); cout << "\t最大值:" << (numeric_limits<long double>::max)(); cout << "\t最小值:" << (numeric_limits<long double>::min)() << endl; cout << "float: \t\t" << "所占字節數:" << sizeof(float); cout << "\t最大值:" << (numeric_limits<float>::max)(); cout << "\t最小值:" << (numeric_limits<float>::min)() << endl; cout << "size_t: \t" << "所占字節數:" << sizeof(size_t); cout << "\t最大值:" << (numeric_limits<size_t>::max)(); cout << "\t最小值:" << (numeric_limits<size_t>::min)() << endl; cout << "string: \t" << "所占字節數:" << sizeof(string) << endl; // << "\t最大值:" << (numeric_limits<string>::max)() << "\t最小值:" << (numeric_limits<string>::min)() << endl; cout << "type: \t\t" << "************size**************" << endl; system("pause"); return 0; }
/*運行結果分析:
以上結果已經很明白了,一下補充說明幾點:
概念、整型:表示整數、字符和布爾值的算術類型合稱為整型(integral type)。
關於帶符號與無符號類型:整型 int、stort 和 long 都默認為帶符號型。要獲得無符號型則必須制定該類型為unsigned,比如unsigned long。unsigned int類型可以簡寫為unsigned,也就是說,unsigned后不加其他類型說明符就意味着是unsigned int。
一字節表示八位,即:1byte = 8 bit;
int: 4byte = 32 bit有符號signed范圍:2^31-1 ~ -2^31即:2147483647 ~ -2147483648無符號unsigned范圍:2^32-1 ~ 0即:4294967295 ~ 0
long: 4 byte = 32 bit同int型
double: 8 byte = 64 bit范圍:1.79769e+308 ~ 2.22507e-308
long double: 12 byte = 96 bit范圍: 1.18973e+4932 ~ 3.3621e-4932
float: 4 byte = 32 bit范圍: 3.40282e+038 ~ 1.17549e-038
int、unsigned、long、unsigned long 、double的數量級最大都只能表示為10億,即它們表示十進制的位數不超過10個,即可以保存所有9位整數。而short只是能表示5位;
另外對於浮點說而言:使用double類型基本上不會有錯。在float類型中隱式的精度損失是不能忽視的,二雙精度計算的代價相對於單精度可以忽略。事實上,在有些機器上,double類型比float類型的計算要快得多。float型只能保證6位有效數字,而double型至少可以保證15位有效數字(小數點后的數位),long double型提供的精度通常沒有必要,而且還要承擔額外的運行代價。
double是8字節共64位,其中小數位占52位,2-^52=2.2204460492503130808472633361816e-16,量級為10^-16,故能夠保證2^-15的所有精度。
在有些機器上,用long類型進行計算所付出的運行時代價遠遠高於用int類型進行同樣計算的代價,所以算則類型前要先了解程序的細節並且比較long類型與int類型的實際運行時性能代價。